Inyoni yenyoni (owaziwa nangokuthi amagundane noma ama-buzzard) uyilungu lomndeni we-hawk wezilwane. Kuze kube manje, ososayensi abakakanqumi ngokugcwele ngokuhlukaniswa nokuhlelwa kwedatha yezinyoni, ngakho-ke imininingwane ethinta ama-buzzards ingahluka kakhulu ngokuya ngomthombo.
Izinyoni zinegama lazo ezwini lazo, okuthi, ngokusho kwabantu abaningi, lifana kakhulu ne-meow elusizi ye-feline. Igama lalezi zilwane ezinjengokhozi zavela egameni elithi "ukububula".
Lalela izwi likanobhungane
Ngaphandle kokuthi abantu balezi zinyoni bake basengozini yokuqothulwa ngenxa yobuthi obukhulu bamagundane anama-pesticides ahlukahlukene emzabalazweni wokulondoloza izitshalo, okwamanje kunabantu abangaphezu kwesigidi emhlabeni, abangatholakala kalula kuyo yonke insimu enkulu yase-Asia naseYurophu.
Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo inyoni ebhuza izinyoni
Ubungcweti bunobude bomzimba obungamasentimitha angama-50 kuye kwangama-59, kanti abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa. Ububanzi uphiko lwenyoni isukela kumasentimitha ayi-114 kuye kwayi-131, bese umsila ubude usukela kumasentimitha angama-24 kuye kwangama-29.
Isisindo salezi zinyoni ezidlayo singaba kusuka ku-440 kuya ku-1350 amagremu. Laba bameleli bomndeni wama-hawk bavame ukwehluka kakhulu komunye nomunye ngombala wezimpaphe zabo kangangokuthi akunakwenzeka ukuhlangana nabantu ababili abanemibala efanayo.
Ezinye izinyoni zinezimpaphe ezimnyama nsundu ezinemigqa eguqukayo emsileni, kanti ezinye zinomhlane omhlophe nesifuba, kanti ezinye izitho zomzimba zinombala ompunga ocebile ohlanganiswe namabala amnyama. Izidladla zezinyoni ngokuvamile ziphuzi ngokukhanyayo, kanti uqhwaku luvame ukuba mnyama ekugcineni futhi luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ophansi khona kanye esisekelweni.
Izilwane ezincane, njengomthetho, zinemibala ehlukahlukene kakhulu kunabantu abadala futhi zine-cornea ethambile ensundu. Ukubheka isithombe se-buzzard, ungazibonela ngokwakho ukwehluka okumangalisayo kwemibala yabo.
Izindawo ezijwayelekile i-buzzard ejwayelekile cishe yonke i-Eurasia, iCanary Islands, i-Azores, iJapane, izingwadule ezingenamithi zase-Arabia, Iran, Central and Central Asia ngisho nase-Arctic Circle.
Ensimini yeRussian Federation, lo mmeleli womndeni we-hawk angatholakala kusuka eziQhingini zaseKuril kuya eSakhalin nasezimweni zezulu ezinzima zaseSiberia. Iningi lazo zonke ama-buzzards afana namathafa we-mosaic anezikhala ezivulekile zokuzingela kwamahhala.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila yenyoni yenyoni
AmaBuzzard ahlala iningi laseJapan, iCaucasus neYurophu ikakhulukazi ahlala phansi. Ama-buzzard aseSteppe (noma amancane), ahlala ngobuningi obukhulu eRussia, aya ebusika emazweni afudumele ase-Asia nase-Afrika.
Ngentwasahlobo, izinyoni zindiza ziye ezindaweni zokwakha ikakhulukazi, ngamaqembu amancane noma ngababili. Ngokuchitha ubusuku endaweni eyodwa, abantu abaningi bavame ukuhlangana. Ngaphandle kokuthi lezi zinyoni azindizeli ngokushesha okukhulu, zikwenza buthule futhi kalula.
Ingungumbane ingabonakala kalula uma ihlala esihlahleni noma etsheni. Njengomthetho, uthatha isidladla esisodwa anciphise kancane. Ngalesi sikhathi, le nyoni ayigcini ngokuphumula okulinganisiwe, kodwa futhi ibamba iqhaza ekuhloleni ngokucophelela indawo ezungezile yezilwane ezingaba yisisulu sayo, lapho ibhungane lingahlala khona linganyakazi endaweni eyodwa isikhathi eside.
Lapho isibonile isisulu sayo, ibhungane ligijimela ngejubane lombani liqonde phansi, licindezela izimpiko zalo eduze komzimba. I-buzzard ngomona ilinda indawo yayo yomoya, esulwa ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-200 ukuphakama phezu kwendawo ekhethwe yile nyoni, futhi ixosha lezo zinyoni ezizama ukungena endaweni yayo.
Lezo zinyoni ezindiza ngaphezu kophawu olunikeziwe zishiywa ngaphandle kokunakwa yikhonyane. Ngesikhathi sokulwa kwensimu noma inyamazane, i-buzzard ikhetha ukungangeni ekulweni okusobala, kepha ukuthatha ukuma okuhlukahlukene okwethusayo ngethemba lokuxosha onenkinga.
I-Upland Buzzard ungummeleli osenyakatho weqembu futhi uhlala ikakhulukazi eNyakatho Melika nase-Eurasia, ohlala ehlathini lasehlathini nasezindaweni ezivulekile. Ebusika, lezi zinyoni zikhetha ukuthuthela e-Asia Ephakathi naphakathi, izifunda eziseningizimu ye-United States nezinye izindawo ezifudumele zesimo sezulu. Abanye abantu bachitha ubusika ensimini ye-Ukraine yanamuhla.
Esithombeni i-Upland Buzzard
Ukudla kwezinyoni
Ubhazabhaza woKlebe ingummeleli wezidliwayo, ngakho-ke, ukudla kwayo cishe kuqukethe ukudla kwezilwane. Ama-Voles, amagundane, izingwejeje ezisemhlabathini, onogwaja, izinyoni ezincane nezilwane ezifanayo kuyisibiliboco esizithandayo. Ngokuya kocwaningo olwenziwe yizinyoni zezinyoni, kwezinye izimo ama-buzzard awakudeleli ukubola.
Bangazingela nama-lark, izinyoni ezimnyama, ama-partridges, ama-pheasants, amaxoxo, ama-moles, ama-hamsters nama-hares amancane. Zivame ukuhlasela izinyoka, kepha azinalo igciwane lesifo sezinyoka, futhi unembe angafa ngenkathi ezingela inyoka. Kuyiqiniso, amacala anjalo angavamile, futhi imvamisa impi iphela ngokuvumelana nokhakhayi.
Ngokuvamile, inani lama-buzzard lincike ngqo ekusatshalalisweni kwamagundane e-vole, izinyoni ezithanda kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zokudla, futhi ngenani elanele lala magundane, ama-buzzards kungenzeka angazinaki ezinye izilwane.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila senyoni yenyoni
Isikhathi sokukhwelana izinyoni iqala ngokushesha engxenyeni yesibili yentwasahlobo, lapho abesilisa beqala ukulwa ngamandla bethemba ukuheha insikazi. Imibhangqwana eyakhiwe ihlanganyela ngokubambisana ekwakheni isidleke esisha noma ukuhlelwa kwesidala.
Esikhathini esiningi, lezi zinyoni zakha izindawo zazo zokuhlala ezihlahleni ezinamakhaza noma ezinama-coniferous eduze kwesiqu ngokuphakama kwamamitha amahlanu kuya kwayishumi nanhlanu. Indawo eyintandokazi lapho ama-buzzards ethanda ukwakha izidleke zawo amafoloko avela emagatsheni ajiyile. Izindonga zenziwe ngezinduku ezijiyile, phansi kubekwe ngoboya, izimpaphe nobulembu.
Esithombeni kunesidleke samagwababa
Ku-clutch eyodwa, insikazi ivame ukuletha kusuka emaqandeni amathathu kuya kwamane, aluhlaza okotshani okufakwe amabala ansundu. Insikazi ihlanganyela ekufukameleni, kanti eyeduna ifuna ukudla kwesigamu sayo. Amaqanda achamisela cishe amasonto amahlanu, ngemuva kwalokho amaphuphu azalwa enombala omnyama phansi.
Ekupheleni kwehlobo, abasha bakhula ngokuphelele futhi bashiye isidleke sabazali. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila kwama-buzzards sisukela eminyakeni engama-24 kuye kwengama-26; kunezimo lapho lezi zinyoni ezidlayo ziphila khona kuze kube yiminyaka engama-33 nangaphezulu.
