Izici nendawo yokuhlala kwezimfene
Imfene endaweni yazo ejwayelekile, njalo ngonyaka zitholakala ngamanani amancane. Bambalwa kakhulu abantu manje abangatholakala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Afrika.
Isisindo sommeleli omdala walezi zinhlobo sifinyelela kuma-60-80 kilograms, ngenkathi ukukhula kuyehluka kuye ngobulili - abesifazane - kuze kufike kumasentimitha ayi-130, abesilisa - kuze kufike ku-160. Kukhona uhlobo oluhlukile - impimpi ka-pygmy, Amapharamitha awo anesizotha kakhulu.
Umzimba wonke wezinkawu umbozwe izinwele ezinsundu ezinsundu, ngaphandle kwezingxenye ezithile, okungukuthi, iminwe, ubuso namathe ezinyawo. Imfene esithombeni ungabona amehlo ansundu ngobuqili. Ngasikhathi sinye, abamele abakhulayo uhlobo lwemfene Unendawo encane yezinwele ezimhlophe ku-coccyx, kamuva ethathelwa indawo umbala onsundu.
Lokhu kubukeka kuyindathane kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni isimilo se-primate - inqobo nje uma izinwele ezisemsileni zihlala zimhlophe, umntwana uxolelwa ngakho konke okwenziwayo futhi azithobe ekwehlulekeni kwakhe. Lapho nje izinwele ziba mnyama, kubonakala ngokulingana nabanye abantu abadala eqenjini.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila yezimfene
Ngokuyinhloko inkawu imfene - abahlali behlathi. Ukudla izimila, kuphila impilo elinganiswa ngokukhululeka, kuhamba phakathi kwezihlahla, ukuxhumana kanye nokuphumula ezidlekeni zazo. Okuwukuphela kwesimo esingasusa lo mfula ozolile esiteshini esijwayelekile ukubonakala kwesitha.
Lapho nje enye yezinkawu zeqembu iqaphela ukusondela kwesilwane esidlayo, iqala ukumemeza nokukhala, inikeze izihlobo imininingwane yokuthi wonke umuntu usengozini. Iqembu lamaphara lifinyelela injabulo enkulu nokwesaba okukhulu, lapho kuhlangana khona inyoka encane. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwabamele iqembu elifanayo kuyisihluthulelo sempilo ezolile imfene... Yisiphi isikhundla senhlalo lokhu noma inkawu okukuso ngumbuzo obalulekile.
Ngokuxhumana, bangavikelana engozini, kuthela kakhulu ukubheka izindawo ezishisayo zokudla. Izilwane ezisencane zifunda ngokubheka ngokucophelela indlela yokuziphatha kwabantu abadala. Amantombazane azofunda ukondla nokuvikela kahle izinsizwa, izinsizwa - ungazitholela ziphi izenzo nokunyakaza eqenjini.
Ngakho-ke, ngokulingisa, intsha ifunda imikhuba eyisisekelo yokuziphatha, eqala ukuyibona njengomdlalo, bese kancane kancane idlulela ebudaleni isethi ephelele "yemithetho yokuziphatha."
Ukuhlala eqenjini akusizi nje kuphela izimfene ukuthola ukudla kahle, ukuzivikela nokukhulisa inzalo. Ososayensi bakhombisile ukuthi izinkawu ezihlala zodwa zinemetabolism ebi kakhulu, ukuncipha kwesifiso sokudla, futhi izinkomba zezempilo zizonke ziphansi kakhulu kunalezo zemiphakathi.
Izimfene nabantu bazwana kahle
Kungenxa yesimo senhlalo, imfene nomuntu bangahlala kalula ndawonye. Uma i-primate ingene emndenini wesintu isewusana, yamukela kalula yonke imikhuba yokuziphatha yabantu, futhi ifunda nokuziphatha ngendlela efanayo.
Izimfene zingafundiswa ukuphuza nokudla ngezinto ezisebenza ngogesi, ukugqoka, ukuhamba, nokushukuma komzimba njengomuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi abantu asebenzise impilo yabo yonke endaweni esondele yabantu bayakwazi ukubona kalula inkulumo yomuntu futhi baxhumane nabantu basebenzise ukukhuluma ngezandla.
Lokho wukuthi, ukuhlangana nenkawu ekhulumayo kungokoqobo, kuzoboniswa kuphela ngosizo lweminwe ehambayo. Ku-Intanethi ungathola okuningi izimfene bots, ezikhiqiza inkulumo evela kunkawu isebenzisa uhlelo lwekhompiyutha, noma kunjalo, lawa ama-bots nje, awahlangene nezinyoni eziphilayo.
Esithombeni kunemfene eyimfene
Mayelana nokukhuliswa nokuqeqeshwa okulula, izimfene zamadoda zibhekwa njengokuthambeka kalula futhi zihlakaniphe, ngasikhathi sinye, ngabesilisa abangaba nosongo olufihlekile kubantu, ngoba akekho noyedwa owakhansele imizwa yokubusa. Abesifazane babhekwa njengabangahlakaniphile kangako, kepha abathembekile ngokwengeziwe.
Ukudla kwezimfene
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwezimfene izithelo nezingxenye eziluhlaza zezitshalo. Kulokhu, izithelo - izithelo ezinamanzi - izingxenye zezimpande nemifino zidliwa izinkawu kuphela ngezikhathi zesidingo esibi kakhulu. Ngokunikwa isisindo esikhulu sezinkawu nokudla abakudlayo, badinga ukudla isikhathi esiningi ukuze bahlale bemi kahle.
Lokhu yikho kanye abakwenzayo - behamba bengazelele phakathi kwezihlahla eziminyene, izimfene zifuna izithelo ezintsha. Uma ummeleli weqembu ewela esihlahleni esifanele, wazisa abanye ngaso. Ngokuya ngesizini, isikhathi inkawu esichitha ekudleni singama-25 kuye kwangama-50% wesikhathi sokuvuka sezinambuzane.
Ngaphezu kwezingxenye eziluhlaza nezithelo zezitshalo, izimfene zingadla amagxolo athambile nomgogodla weziqu, ngaphezu kwalokho, entwasahlobo, izinkawu zimunca iziqu eziningi zezimbali. Ngokuqondene namantongomane, izimfene eziningi azibathandi amantongomane, noma kunjalo, kukhona okuhlukile ngakunye.
Imibono yososayensi iyahluka maqondana nokusetshenziswa kokudla okuphilayo kwezinkawu. Isibonelo, abanye ochwepheshe banamathela emcabangweni wokuthi izimfene zidla izilwane ezincane nezinambuzane, noma kunjalo, ngamanani amancane nasekwindla kuphela. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi izibiliboco ezinjalo zihlala zikhona ekudleni kwezinkawu.
Ukuzaliswa kweChimpanzee nesikhathi sokuphila
Izimfene azinayo inkathi yokuzala emile - lokhu kungenzeka noma yiluphi usuku nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuhlala cishe izinsuku ezingama-230, okungukuthi, izinyanga eziyi-7.5. Ezimweni eziningi, insikazi izala izinyane elilodwa futhi ibamba iqhaza ekuvikeleni nasekukhuliseni.
Njengoba kunikezwe iqiniso lokuthi inkawu encane izalwa icishe ingakwazi ukuzivikela, ngaphandle kokunakekelwa ngumama, ayinalo ithuba lokusinda. Kulokhu, ukuziphatha kwezinkawu kufana kakhulu nokwabantu. Ingane izalwa inengubo ekhanyayo, ezacile, egcina ishintshe ibe mnyama.
Umama uxhunyaniswe eduze ne-cub futhi ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuqala akazidedeli izandla zakhe, zimthwale ngomhlane noma esiswini. Lapho-ke, lapho inkawu encane ikwazi ukuzihambela yodwa, umama uyayinika inkululeko ethile, ayivumele ukuthi idlale futhi ihlabe umkhosi nezinye izingane nentsha, noma namalungu amadala eqembu.
Ngakho-ke, ubudlelwane babo bakhelwe iminyaka eminingana, kuze kube yilapho inkonyane likhula ngokugcwele. Abesifazane bavame ukuba ngabantu abadala, okungukuthi, abakulungele ukukhwelana, esikhathini esisukela eminyakeni eyisithupha kuya kwengu-10, abesilisa - cishe eminyakeni eyi-6-8.
Endle, isilinganiso isikhathi sokuphila semfene enempilo - kuze kube yiminyaka engama-60, yize kungavamisile ukuba neminyaka eyikhulu, ngoba ihlathi ligcwele izingozi, kanti uma inkawu indala, kuba nzima kakhulu ukuyigwema.
