Izici, izinhlobo kanye nendawo okuhlala kuyo i-crane
I-crane (evela eLatin Gruidae) inkulu kakhulu inyoni evela emndenini wama-cranes iqembu lama-cranes.
Iningi lososayensi lihlukanisa izigaba ezine kuphela zomndeni we-crane, okubandakanya izinhlobo eziyishumi nanhlanu:
- I-Belladonna (kusuka ku-Latin Anthropoides) - ipharadesi ne-belladonna crane;
- Umqhele (kusuka eLatin Balearica) - Cranes Crown and Oriental Crown;
- Serratus (kusuka Latin Bugeranus) crane;
- Empeleni ama-Cranes (avela eLatin Grus) - amaNdiya, amaMelika, amaCanada, amaJapane, ama-Australia, amaDaursky, kanye namaGrey, amaBlack, ama-Cranes anentamo emnyama neSterkh.
Ezinye izazi zemvelo zifaka no-crane abelusi abanamacilongo kulo mndeni, kepha noma kunjalo imikhandlu yesayensi yomhlaba ibabeka njengemindeni ehlukile yama-cranes ahlobene isikhathi eside. Umsuka wama-cranes ubuyela emuva ezikhathini zasendulo, ukubukeka kwawo kanye nokuthuthuka okuyinhloko kubangelwa inkathi ye-post-dinosaur.
Abavubukuli bathole imidwebo yamatshe eveza izinyoni crane emihumeni yabantu basendulo ababehlala ezindaweni eziseNyakatho Melika nase-Afrika. Kusuka ezwenikazi laseNyakatho Melika, lo mndeni usabalele umhlaba wonke ngaphandle kwase-Antarctica naseNingizimu Melika.
Izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa kuphela zama-cranes ezindizela ezweni lethu, ezivame kakhulu kuzo iGrey Crane. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ama-cranes yizinyoni ezinkulu. Abamele abancane kakhulu balo mndeni yi-belladonna enomzimba ophakeme ongu-80-90 cm, enamaphiko angu-130-160 cm nesisindo esingu-2-3 kg.
Esithombeni i-demoiselle crane
Abantu abakhulu kunabo bonke ama-Australian Cranes, ukuphakama kwawo kungafinyelela ku-150-160 cm, ngesisindo esingu-5-6 kg namaphiko cishe angama-170-180 cm. I-Bird Gray Crane inelinye lamaphiko amade kunawo wonke emndenini, ubude bawo bufinyelela ku-220-240 cm.
Isakhiwo somzimba se-crane sinomusa kakhulu, lezi zinyoni zinentamo nemilenze emide, ubukhulu bezinhlamvu zazo ezihlukanisa umzimba wonke zibe izingxenye ezintathu ezicishe zifane. Banekhanda elincane elinomlomo ohlangene. Izimpaphe zezinhlobo eziningi zimhlophe futhi mpunga.
Kuboniswe i-crane yase-Australia
Kuvame ukuba nezindawo ezikhanyayo zezimbali ezibomvu nezinsundu emqhele ekhanda. Kunezithombe eziningi zalezi zilwane kwi-Intanethi futhi kulula ukubona bonke ubukhazikhazi. izinyoni ze-crane esithombeni... Zikhetha ukuhlala eduze kwemizimba yamanzi, imvamisa ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi. Emndenini wonke, yi-belladonna kuphela eye yajwayela ukuhlala kude namanzi, ikhetha ama-steppes nama-savannah.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila ye-crane
I-crane ikakhulukazi iyashintsha. Ebusuku, lezi zinyoni zilala zimile ngomlenze owodwa, imvamisa kakhulu phakathi echibini, ngaleyo ndlela zizivikele ezilwaneni ezizingelayo. Zihlala ngazimbili futhi kuphela endaweni yokwakha izidleke lapho zingakwazi ukuhlangana ngamaqembu amancane. Lezi zinyoni zingabodwana futhi, ngokuzikhethela umlingani, kaningi kunalokho, zihlala zithembekile impilo yazo yonke.
Esithombeni, ama-cranes amabili athweswe umqhele
Kepha kunezimo lapho umuntu oyedwa kusuka kubhangqa efa, owesibili angathola umlingani omusha. Izinhlobo eziyisithupha kweziyishumi nanhlanu zihlala phansi futhi azenzi izindiza ezinde. Okunye, ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, kushiya izindawo zabo zokwakha izidleke bese kundizela endaweni enesimo sezulu esifudumele sasebusika.
Lapho zindiza, zihlangana zibe imihlambi kwesinye isikhathi, ukunciphisa ukumelana nomoya, zakha isigaxa esibukeka sihlaba umxhwele ebusweni bomhlaba. Ezweni lakithi, endaweni eseMpumalanga yeSiberia ekwindla, ungabona ukuthi i-wedge izinyoni ze-crane emhlophe, Leli elinye igama leSiberia Crane, elindiza libheke eChina, lapho lihlala khona ebusika eMfuleni iYangtze.
Esithombeni, ukuhamba ngendiza emhlophe
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukudla kwama-cranes kukhulu impela. Ngokuyinhloko, badla ukudla kwezitshalo okuyimbewu, amajikijolo, izimpande namahlumela ezitshalo, kepha ngokushoda kwamaprotheni, badla izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, ngisho namaxoxo amancane namagundane amancane.
Ukuyofuna ukudla, bavame ukushiya amakhaya abo, kepha ngemuva kokuqeda indlala yabo babuyela kukho njalo. Ama-cranes awazinikeli ikusasa; uma esegcwele, ukufuna ukudla kuyama. Ngesikhathi kuseshwa ukudla, imibhangqwana iyakhulumisana, ikhombisana indawo lapho kunqwabelana khona ukudla.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha nokulindelwa kwesikhathi sokuphila se-crane
Abantu be-crane bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ngeminyaka emithathu kuya kwemine ubudala. Ngalesi sikhathi, baqala ukuhlukana ngababili. Izinyoni ze-Crane ebusika kude nezindawo zokwakha izidleke, zindiza ngazimbili, izinhlobo ezihlala phansi zithola umlingani ezindaweni zazo zokuhlala ezijwayelekile.
Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, lezi zinyoni zenza imidanso yokukhwelana eyingqayizivele nengalibaleki, zizungeza zodwa futhi zilula amakhanda phezulu. Kusetshenziswa ngobuciko obukhulu kule midanso izinyoni crane amaphikoukwenza ukuguquka okuhlukahlukene kwabo ndawonye nozakwethu, kwakheke uhlobo oluphelele. Ngale minyakazo, izinyoni zikhipha uhlobo oluthile lokucula.
Kuboniswe isidleke se-crane
Amaqanda abekwa ngazimbili ezenziwe ngaphambilini izinyoni isidleke... Benza ndawonye, ​​besebenzisa amagatsha ezitshalo axhumene nomunye ngamacembe ahlukahlukene otshani njengezinto zokwakha. Imvamisa isidleke esifanayo yindawo lapho amaqanda achanyuselwa khona eminyakeni elandelayo.
Kujwayele ukuba khona amaqanda amabili ku-clutch, ezinye izinhlobo zifinyelela ezinhlanu. Umbala wamaqanda uncike ohlotsheni lwe-crane, kwezasenyakatho zinombala ophuzi nophuzi nsundu, ezinhlotsheni ezihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo zimhlophe noma ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokukhanyayo. Cishe kuwo wonke umkhakha, ubuso bamaqanda bunamabala e-pigment osayizi abahlukahlukene abamnyama kunombala oyinhloko.
Ukuchanyuselwa kwenzalo kuhlala bobabili abazali ngokulandelana futhi kuvame ukwenzeka kungakapheli amasonto ama-3-5, kuya ngohlobo lwezinyoni. Amachwane achanyuselwa angashiya isidleke ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, kepha aqhubeke ahlale eduze kwabazali babo izinyanga ezingama-2-3.
Esithombeni, amaphuphu e-crane
Kuze kufike izimpaphe ezigcwele, ngoba izingane zizalwa zimbozwe uketshezi. Ezinhlotsheni ezifudukayo, amaphuphu ahamba ngendiza yawo yokuqala ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwesizukulwane esidala, futhi ngokuzayo azenzela yedwa. Isikhathi sokuphila sikakhrayimu endaweni yemvelo cishe siyiminyaka engama-20.
Inombolo yabo ingaphansi kwezinhlangano eziningi zemvelo. Izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa zifakwe ohlwini njengezisengozini kwiRed Book. Kusuka kukho konke okungenhla, ungakwazi ukucabanga nokuqonda kalula luhlobo luni lwenyoni eyi-crane, nokuthi uyini.
