Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Abagibeli (Parasitica) wumndeni omkhulu wezinambuzane, ukwehluka okubandakanya izinhlobo eziyizinkulungwane eziyikhulu ezahlukahlukene. Izibungu zihola indlela yokuphila yezimuncagazi, ezethulwa ngabesifazane emizimbeni yezinye izinambuzane.
Ngesikhathi senqubo yokubeka amaqanda, owesifazane osekhulile, njengoba kungabonakala ku umgibeli isithombe, itholakala ngaphezulu kwesisulu, njengomgibeli wehhashi, okuyiyona ngqikithi yegama.
Abagibeli, kuya ngohlobo, bangaba nosayizi abahlukahlukene. Azinakwa (ezingekho ngaphezu kwamamilimitha ngosayizi), futhi zikhulu ngokwedlulele (kuze kube ngamasentimitha amaningana ubude). Iningi lamalungu alo mndeni linamaphiko akhule kahle. Isisu sihlangene futhi sinezimpondo ezinde.
Abagibeli bavame ukubizwa ngeminyovu yesinanakazana, lapho izinhlobo ezithile, empeleni, zinezinto ezifanayo zangaphandle. Kodwa-ke, abagibeli abanaso isitho esinjenge-sting nhlobo. Ukuze kuqaliswe umsebenzi wabo obalulekile, akudingekile.
Esikhundleni salokho, abesifazane bane-ovipositor engafinyelela osayizi obukhulu kakhulu ngokuqhathaniswa nosayizi wesinambuzane uqobo. Isibonelo, kwezinye izinhlobo zohlobo lweMegarhyssa, lesi sitho sincane, siqinile futhi sinde, silingana nesisu ngokuphindwe kabili, futhi siyakwazi ukungena emithini yezihlahla.
IMegarhyssa perlata ithathwa njengezinhlobo ezingavamile kakhulu futhi ivikelwe wumbuso. Itholakala ikakhulukazi emahlathini. Isinambuzane sinombala osawolintshi, kanye nemivimbo emhlophe nokumnyama esiswini.
Izinhlobo zabagibeli zitholakala cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi. Ama-braconids angabameleli abakhulu bezinhlobonhlobo zabagibeli. Kwezinye izimo, abantu bangafinyelela kubude obungu-5 cm. Imvamisa, izinambuzane zinsundu ngamabala amnyama naphuzi. Futhi izinhlobo zama-parasites achazwa cishe ngama-15 ayizinkulungwane.
Esithombeni, umgibeli i-braconid
I-Trichogramma ingummeleli omncane walezi zinambuzane. Futhi kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-200. Lezi zidalwa zinomzimba ominyene onezimpondo, zinsundu futhi zimnyama. Imvamisa isatshalaliswa emasimini ezolimo. Umgibeli uphuzi - ohlala emahlathini nasezimangweni. Usayizi wayo cishe usentimitha elilodwa nohhafu noma amabili. Ikakhulukazi ivusa izakhamuzi zaseNtshonalanga Yurophu ehlobo nasekwindla.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Abagibeli bavame ukuhlala eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi phakathi kotshani obuqhakazayo, okudinga umswakama ophezulu womoya. Abantu abadala balo mndeni bavame ukuqala ukusebenza ngamandla ebusuku, befuna ababungazi beziphungumangathi abazingenisa kuzo.
Izinambuzane eziphazamisayo zihlukaniswa ngokomzwelo wazo ongavamile. Isibonelo, ukundiza phezu kwesihlahla noma ukugibela esiqwini saso, bayakwazi ukuzwa ngokunembile ngobukhulu begxolo: lapho kufakwa khona izibungu zamabhungane, ezingaba yisisulu sabo.
Ingabe lesi sinambuzane somgibeli siyingozi kubantu?? Abamele lo mndeni izidalwa kunalokho ewusizo kubantu. Bangabavikeli abangabonakali bamahlathi, abahlengikazi bezitshalo ezivela kubhungane bamagxolo nezibungu eziminzile. Izinhlobo eziningi zomnyovu ziwusizo olukhulu ekubulaleni izinambuzane eziyizinambuzane. Futhi zisetshenziswa ngokukhethekile ngabantu ngezinhloso ezinjalo kwezolimo.
Abagibeli bakhubaza izinambuzane eziningana ezibulala izilimo. Ukuvikela izinqolobane zokudla nezinsimu ngosizo lwabagibeli kwenza ukuthi kunciphe kakhulu inani lobuthi obusetshenzisiwe obuyingozi empilweni nasemvelweni.
Abagibeli abamele noma iyiphi ingozi kubantu. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo ezithile zabagibeli ezingakuluma. Izinhlobo ezinjalo zifana neminyovu. Bayakwazi ukunikeza umuntu izinzwa ezingemnandi. Kepha ngokujwayelekile abagibeli bayaluma kuphephe ngokuphelele.
Ukudla
Abantu abadala be-megarhyssa perlata, abakhetha ukudla umpe wezimbali ngokwabo, bafaka izibungu zabo ezinambuzane ezikhula emagxolweni ezihlahla, bazibeka ezigabeni ezenziwa yilezi zinambuzane.
FUTHI izibungu zomnyovubekhuthele kakhulu ekufuneni ukudla, bona ngokwabo bafuna isisulu sabo, bazinamathisela emzimbeni wesisulu. Iningi lama-washer abantu abadala i-ichneumon abayidli inyama yezinye izinambuzane, kanti abanye abadli nokudla noma yini. Kepha bafuna into efanelekile yokondla izibungu zabo.
Iminyovu, izintuthwane, amabhungane nezibungu, kwezinye izimo, ofezela nezicabucabu zingasebenza njengezisulu zabagibeli. Ama-braconids ajwayele ukusebenzisa amalangabi enqolobane nezimvemvane ze-leafworm ukondla, kepha futhi angalimaza amasheya abantu, konakalisa izinongo, i-confectionery, izithelo ezomisiwe, okusanhlamvu nofulawa.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Izinambuzane zivame ukuzala kakhulu ehlobo elina imvula, lapho inani lazo landa kakhulu. Umgibeli wezinambuzane ufaka amaqanda emzimbeni wezisulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amagciwane akhethekile afakwa emzimbeni wabathwali (ababungazi), anqobe ngokuphelele amasosha omzimba.
Amantshontsho aqanduselwa emaqandeni, adla ezithweni zangaphakathi zabathwali bawo, asheshe afele kuzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izisulu zingahlala zisebenza noma ngabe kusele ingxenye yeshumi yobukhulu bazo bangaphakathi.
Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngaphambi nje kokufundela noma ngemuva kokulala ubusika. I-parasitism yezibungu izibonakalisa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, abanye bakhetha uhlobo olulodwa lwesinambuzane njengabathwali, abanye bangasebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zababungazi.
Kukhona nezindlela eziningana zokwenza lokhu. Ama-Ectoparasites akhetha izinambuzane ezikhula ngaphakathi kokhuni nezithelo ezahlukahlukene njengezithwali, ethula amaqanda azo endaweni eseduze kwalowo ohlukunyeziwe noma kuzo. Ama-superparasites alimaza ezinye izimuncagazi. Kukhona futhi ama-superparasites ama-oda aphezulu.
Ngalesi sizathu, imizamo yokuzalanisa abagibeli ukuze babulale izinambuzane ayiphumeleli ngaso sonke isikhathi. Futhi zinikeza umfutho kuphela wokuvela nokuzala ezinye izinhlobo zeminyovu, ezihlasela izihlobo zazo, zinciphise kakhulu inani lazo. Ngakho-ke, imvelo izama ukugcina ukulinganisela. Abazingeli abangekho emthethweni bazalela amaqanda ezibungu, kuyilapho kusetshenziswa ubuthi obukhubaza ukulimaza isisulu.
Futhi ngemuva kwengxenye yosuku, izibungu ziyaqandusela othwala, okuvame ukuba khona cishe amashumi amabili. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa badlula kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhula, beletha isisulu ekufeni. Njengoba sezifundile futhi zadlulela esimweni somuntu omdala, zona ngokwazo azihlali isikhathi eside.
Isikhathi esiqondile sincike ebulilini. Abesifazane bangaphila isikhathi esingangenyanga. Abesilisa abekho ngaphezu kwezinsuku eziyishumi. Ezinye izinhlobo zabagibeli zihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu. Uma kwenzeka ubusika obuyimpumelelo, ubude bomjikelezo wabo wempilo bungafika ezinyangeni eziyi-9.
