Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Umhlaba wezinambuzane uhluke kakhulu, kepha phakathi kwabamele bawo kukhona amafomu anjalo anezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, ezihlukile ngokubukeka nangendlela yokuphila, ukuthi ngayinye yazo ihlukile.
Phakathi kwalabo amabhungane weevil kusuka kumndeni we-coleoptera, okungenye yezinambuzane eziningi kakhulu futhi kufaka phakathi izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukahlukene. Iningi lama-weevils ngamabhungane amancane angaweqi amamilimitha ambalwa ubude.
Kodwa kukhona nabantu abakhulu kakhulu, okuvelele kakhulu kubo abamele abomdlandla balo mndeni - imidondoshiya efinyelela osayizi obungu-5-6 cm nokuningi. Ukuma kwama-weevils kwehluke kakhulu. Isici sezinhlobo zalezi zinambuzane yi-capsule yekhanda eyisiyingi, evulekile, enesimo sethubhu, lokhu kungabonakala ku isithombe se-weevil, lapho izinambuzane zathola khona igama lazo.
Esithombeni, indlulamithi ye-weevil
Ngokuya ngohlobo, i-rostrum ingaba ngamanani ahlukene nomzimba: ingaba mfushane kunayo, kepha ubude obungaphezu kokuphindwe kathathu. Amabhungane amaningi anenhloko emise okwepheya noma eyindilinga, kanye nomzimba, nokho, ongaxegiswa ngokweqile, wenziwe lula, ube yindilinga futhi umise okwenduku.
Ekhanda kunezikhonkwane ezinezimpondo. Kunezinhlobo ezinamaphiko ezinambuzane ezikwazi ukundiza kahle, kanye nalezo ezingakwazi ukundiza. Amehlo avame ukuba mancane, kepha kukhona namabhungane angenamehlo ahlala ngaphansi komhlaba nasemigedeni. Umbala wamabhungane nawo uhlukile, futhi umzimba, umbozwe izikali kanye ne-chitin, ukhanyisa ukukhanya ukuze ikhava yezidalwa ibonakale inemibala futhi mihle.
Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyikhulu zezinambuzane ezinjalo emhlabeni jikelele. Cishe izinhlobo eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-70 zalezi bhungane zihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo zodwa, kanti kunezinhlobo ezingama-5000 zezinambuzane eRussia. Futhi, izinhlobo ezintsha zitholakala njalo.
Bahlukene phakathi Izinhlobo zebhungane Amaqembu ama-2: amabhungane anemibuzo emifushane futhi acutshungulwe isikhathi eside, ahlukile komunye nomunye kufakwa ekhanda elide, elibizwa ngokuthi i-rostrum, nasesakhiweni sezitho zomlomo.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Imvamisa, ama-weevils alala phansi nasemakhasini, kepha lapho kufika intwasahlobo, amabhungane ayavuka aqale impilo yawo asebenzayo ezingeni lokushisa lama- +10 degrees. Izinhlobo eziningi amabhungane weevil – izinambuzanekubangela umonakalo omkhulu emapulazini, emahlathini nasekubhubhiseni izinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo.
Lokhu kufaka phakathi u-weevil we-granary, ohlala ezinqolobaneni zokusanhlamvu: ummbila, i-buckwheat, i-rye nebhali, kuyayithinta, iququda ingaphakathi, ngemuva kwalokho iba engakulungele ukuhlwanyela nokudla. Lawa mabhungane acwebezelayo ansundu amnyama angadluli ku-4mm ngosayizi, asakazeke umhlaba wonke, ezindaweni lapho kukhona okusanhlamvu kuphela.
I-beet weevil inkulu kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nozakwabo, cishe isentimitha elilodwa nohhafu ngosayizi, inombala ompunga futhi imbozwe izikali. Usebenza ngokukhethekile ekubhujisweni kwezithombo zesithombo sebhitrudi, abambe impande phansi aphazamise ukwakheka kwayo, lapho izitshalo ziyindlala khona, futhi isivuno silahlekelwa yizinto ezisebenzisekayo nokunambitheka.
Esithombeni kunesikhala sesibaya
Umonakalo odalwa amabhungane uyingozi kakhulu ngoba kunzima kakhulu ukulwa nawo. Ungasusa kanjani ama-weevils? Ezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane zibeka izibungu efihlekile yezitshalo ezincane, emva kwalokho isivuno singabhekwa njengokulahlekile, futhi izinyathelo ezilandelayo azisebenzi kakhulu.
Ukulwa nebhungane, kudingeka ukuthi ubhubhise amahlumela athintekile namaqabunga kusengaphambili, bese ushisa izinsalela zawo ekwindla, ukuze izibungu zingakwazi ukuzala kuzo entwasahlobo. Izitshalo zingafuthwa ngezixazululo ze-capsicum, i-potassium permanganate noma lwesinaphi, kanye ne-karbofos.
Kuyasiza ukucubungula izitshalo ezinsukwini ezingama-4-5 ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, ukuze amaqabunga amasha angahlushwa yizinambuzane. Ama-weevils we-raspberry ezifuywa ngama-strawberry noma ama-raspberries. Futhi kulokhu, kuyasiza kakhulu ukutshala izitshalo eziseduze njengegalikhi noma u-anyanisi, ngoba iphunga labo elibi lingasabisa amabhungane.
Esithombeni kukhona i-raspberry weevil
Ukudla
Izinhlobonhlobo zamabhungane nazo zidlulela emaphethini okudla ale fomu yezinambuzane. Kukhona ama-clover weevils, ama-flower and berry weevils, ama-walnut weevils njalonjalo. Kepha zonke izinhlobo zebhungane zihlangene ngokuthi zidla izitshalo ngenkuthalo. Futhi nokuthuthuka kwezibungu zezinambuzane kwenzeka ngezimbali nezithelo, amahlumela amasha ezihlahla nezihlahlana, amagatsha awo kanye namagxolo, ama-petioles kanye namafihlekile, kanye neziqu ezibolile.
Ezinye izinhlobo zamabhungane zikhetha ngokwedlulele ekudleni, ngakho-ke zidla uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lwezinhlobo zabamele izilwane, ezinye zihluka ngokwengeziwe ekudleni kwazo. Iziphungumangathi zalezo zinambuzane ezifakwayo nezivela enhlabathini zidla izimpande zezihlahla, izihlahlana nezithombo zazo.
Amabhungane amadala avame ukukhetha impova yezitshalo, izingxenye zawo eziluhlaza: izithelo, izimbali nezicubu. Ezinye zezinhlobo zezinambuzane zikhethe ukudla okumnandi okunjenge-fungus yama-parasitic ukuze zigcwalise. Ezinye zivame ukukhula ezinkuni, kanti ezinye zidla izitshalo ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Ibhungane le-Weevil kudala umonakalo omkhulu, abhubhise amahlumela ezihlahlana nezihlahla, ikakhulukazi adle izithombo zawo, okuthi, ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yizinambuzane, zingabe zisaphinde zife.
Amabhungane ayakwazi ukulimaza kakhulu izingadi nezingadi zemifino. Izinambuzane zivame ukulimaza iphuzu lokukhula ezitshalweni ezindala, okuholela ekubhujisweni kwazo ngokuphelele. Ezimweni ezinomswakama, amabhungane ayakwazi ukuzala ngisho nasepulangweni, okudala ukonakala kwefenisha, izitsha zasendlini kanye nezakhiwo zabantu.
Ukulimala kwezibungu zezinambuzane, abazilimaza ezitshalweni zezingadi nezingadi zemifino, izihlahla emahlathini, izitshalo zezimboni nezangaphandle, isitoko sembewu nezithelo nakho kukhulu kakhulu. Amanye ama-weevils enza ngokukhethekile ekudleni ukhula ngakho-ke ayasebenziseka.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Isilulu sowesifazane siyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda afinyelela ku-300 ezinhlamvwini, sidle imigede kuwo, bese simboza umnyango waso ngemfihlo yaso. Inzalo ye-beet weevil ikhula ezimpandeni zebhungane.
Esikhathini sesithombe sebhitrudi
Izilokazane ezinambuzane zesifazane zezingadi zidla phakathi ihlumela, lapho zibekela khona amaqanda, inani lazo lingaba ngamashumi ambalwa. Futhi izibungu, zichanyuselwa kungekudala, ziqala ukudla ngenkuthalo ingaphakathi lehlumela, zikhule ngokushesha futhi ziphumelele.
Umzimba izibungu zebhungane inomumo wocezwana futhi imvamisa imhlophe noma iphuzi ngombala. Futhi lapho izithelo namajikijolo evuthwa, amabhungane amadala asevele evela kubo, aya ebusika ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo ukuze avuke futhi entwasahlobo.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinkukhu zinomjikelezo wazo wokubeka amaqanda. Isibonelo, indlovu yomnqumo igxile kuma-oki bese iqala ukuzala ekwindla, lapho ama-acorn evuthwa ezihlahleni. Nge-proboscis yakhe, njenge-barn beetle okusanhlamvu, wenza umgodi wokugcina inzalo yakhe yesikhathi esizayo.
Esithombeni, izibungu ze-weevil
Isikhathi sokuphila sezindlovu zesifazane zomnqumo side impela. Bazalelwa ehlobo, basinda ebusika, futhi entwasahlobo elandelayo, sebesuthi kahle emva kwenkathi engemihle, bayakwazi futhi ukuzala. Ama-Weevils ayahluka esikhathini sokuphila.
Isikhathi saso sincike ohlotsheni lwesinambuzane, nakubulili. Isibonelo, esikhaleni sesifazane isikhathi sokuhlala esibekiwe siyizinyanga eziyi-3-4, kanti kwabesilisa cishe kungaba mihlanu. Amanye amabhungane ajwayele ukuba nezibindi ezinde maqondana nezinambuzane, kanti ubude bempilo yawo bulinganiselwa eminyakeni emibili.
