Leli qembu le-jellyfish, elivela esigabeni sama-creepers, linezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-20 kuphela. Kodwa konke kuyingozi kakhulu, ngisho nakubantu.
Lezi jellyfish zibizwa kanjalo ngenxa yokwakheka kwedome yazo. Kusuka ku- ubuthi ibhokisi le-jellyfish Kwafa abantu abambalwa. Ngakho bangobani, laba iminyovu yasolwandle noma ulwandle luyaluma?
Indawo yokuhlala jellyfish
Lolu hlobo luhlala emanzini asezindaweni ezishisayo nakwezindawo ezishisayo ezinosawoti wasolwandle. Ezilwandle ezinamazinga okushisa apholile, izinhlobo ezimbili zale jellyfish zarekhodwa. Uhlobo oluncane, iTripedalia cystophora, ihlala phezu kwamanzi futhi ibhukuda phakathi kwezimpande zezihlahla zemihlume eJamaica nasePuerto Rico.
Le yi-jellyfish engadingi lutho, ephila kalula futhi izale kabusha ekuthunjweni, ngakho-ke yaba yinto yokufunda e-Faculty of Biology eSweden.
Amanzi ashisayo ePhilippines nase-Australia asephenduke ikhaya ibhokisi lase-Australia i-jellyfish (I-Chironex fleckeri). Encane, evikelekile emimoyeni, amakhava anaphansi kwesihlabathi yizindawo zawo eziyintandokazi.
Esimweni sezulu esizolile basondela emabhishi, ikakhulukazi ekuseni noma kusihlwa okupholile, babhukuda basondele emanzini. Ngezikhathi ezishisayo zosuku, bacwila ekujuleni okupholile.
Izici zebhokisi le-jellyfish
Ososayensi basaphikisana ngobudlelwano be-jellyfish yebhokisi neqembu elihlukile noma isigaba esizimele. Iqembu lama-scyphoid coelenterates lifaka futhi ibhokisi le-jellyfish, kepha ngokungafani nabanye abamele, ibhokisi le-jellyfish linezici ezithile ezihlukile. Umehluko omkhulu ungaphandle - ukuma kwedome ekusikeni kuyisikwele noma kungunxande.
Yonke i-jellyfish inezintambo ezihlabayo kumazinga ahlukahlukene, kepha ibhokisi le-jellyfish lingaphezu kwabanye. Le yi-jellyfish enobuthi kakhulu, ekwazi ukubulala umuntu ngamaseli ayo anobuthi.
Noma uthinta nje okufishane, ukusha okungathi sína kuzohlala emzimbeni, ubuhlungu obukhulu buzokwenzeka futhi isisulu sizoqala ukufuthwa. Ngokuxhumana njalo nama-tentacles ibhokisi le-jellyfish (ngokwesibonelo, uma umuntu ebhajwe kuzo, futhi bekungaphezu kokukodwa luma) ukufa kwenzeka ngemizuzu engu-1-2.
Ngezikhathi ezipholile, iningi le-wasp jellyfish liza ogwini, bese inqwaba yabantu iba izisulu zabo. Abahleli ukuhlasela umuntu, kunalokho, lapho abatshuzi besondela, bayabhukuda basuke.
Esinye isici sokungachazeki se-jellyfish umbono. Amehlo egumbi athuthukiswe kahle, njengama-vertebrate, anezici ezinhle kakhulu ze-optical. Kepha okugxilwe kuko ukuthi i-jellyfish neze ihlukanisa imininingwane emincane, futhi ibona kuphela izinto ezinkulu. Amehlo ayisithupha asemigodini ehlanganisiwe ezinhlangothini zensimbi.
Ukwakheka kweso kufaka i-retina, i-cornea, i-lens, i-iris. Kepha, amehlo axhumene nohlelo lwezinzwa lwe-jellyfish yebhokisi, ngakho-ke akukacaci ukuthi babona kanjani.
Indlela yokuphila yebhokisi le-jellyfish
Kwembulwa ukuthi i-box jellyfish inesifiso sokuzingela esaziwayo. Kepha abanye ososayensi banesiqiniseko sokuthi abenzi lutho, futhi bamane balinde isisulu esisemanzini, bathinte izintambo zabo lokho "okubanjwe ngesandla."
Umsebenzi wabo udidekile nokunyakaza okujwayelekile, abanakho ngezinga elikhulu kunezinye izinhlobo, ngezinga - ibhokisi le-jellyfish liyakwazi ukubhukuda ngejubane elifinyelela kumamitha ayi-6 ngomzuzu.
Ijubane lokuhamba litholakala ngokukhishwa kwe-jet ye-jet yamanzi ngesikhala esingaphansi komhlaba ngenxa yokuncipha kwemisipha yensimbi. Ukuqondiswa kokunyakaza kuzobekwa yi-vellarium enesivumelwano esilinganayo (isibambo somphetho wensimbi).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, olunye lwezinhlobo zebhokisi le-jellyfish linezinkomishi ezikhethekile zokudonsa ezingalungiswa ezindaweni eziminyene ezansi. Ezinye izinhlobo zine-phototaxis, okusho ukuthi ziyakwazi ukubhukuda ziqonde lapho kukhanya khona.
Kunzima impela ukubona ibhokisi le-jellyfish labadala, ngoba acishe abonakale futhi azame ukubhukuda lapho umuntu esondela. Bahola indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo zehlela ezinzulwini, kuthi ebusuku zikhuphukele phezulu.
Yize ibhokisi le-jellyfish likhulu impela - idome lifinyelela ku-30 cm ububanzi, futhi ama-tentacles afika kumamitha ama-3 ubude, akwenzeki njalo ukukuqaphela emanzini.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Amathente atholakala emakhoneni amane edome, ahlukaniswa nesisekelo. I-epidermis yalezi zingqinamba iqukethe amaseli e-streak, aqaliswa lapho ethintana nezinto ezithile esikhunjeni sabantu abaphilayo, futhi abulale isisulu ngobuthi bawo.
Ubuthi buthinta isimiso sezinzwa, isikhumba nenhliziyo yemisipha. Lezi zinguquko zihambisa isisulu esikhaleni sumbrellar, lapho kuvulwa khona umlomo.
Ngemuva kwalokho, i-jellyfish ithatha indawo eqonde phezulu noma phansi ngomlomo wayo bese imunca ukudla kancane. Ngaphandle komsebenzi wasemini, ibhokisi le-jellyfish londla okungcono ebusuku. Ukudla kwabo izimfanzi ezincane, i-zooplankton, izinhlanzi ezincane, ama-polychaetes, i-bristle-mandibular namanye ama-invertebrate.
Esithombeni, ukusha okuvela ebhokisini le-jellyfish
I-jellyfish yebhokisi iyisixhumanisi esibalulekile ochungechungeni lokudla lwamanzi asogwini. Umbono waziwa ngokubamba iqhaza ngesikhathi sokuzingela nokuphakela.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Njengawo wonke ama-jellyfish, ibhokisi le-jellyfish lihlukanisa impilo yabo libe yimijikelezo emibili: isigaba se-polyp ne-jellyfish uqobo. Ekuqaleni, i-polyp inamathela ezingxenyeni ezingezansi, lapho ihlala khona, iphindaphinda i-asexually ngokuqhakaza.
Ngenqubo yokuphila okunjalo kwenzeka ukuguqulwa komzimba, futhi i-polyp iyahlukana kancane kancane. Ingxenye enkulu yayo idlulela empilweni emanzini, bese ucezu olusele ezansi luyafa.
Ukuze kukhiqizwe kabusha ibhokisi le-jellyfish, owesilisa nowesifazane, okungukuthi, ukukhulelwa kwenzeka ngokocansi. Ngokuvamile ngaphandle. Kodwa ezinye izinhlobo zikhetha ukukwenza ngendlela ehlukile. Isibonelo, abesilisa baseCarybdea sivickisi bakhiqiza ama-spermatophores (iziqukathi ezinesidoda) bese bezinika abesifazane.
Abesifazane bawagcina emathunjini abo emathunjini kuze kube yilapho bedingeka ekukhulelweni. Abesifazane bezinhlobo zeCarybdea rastoni ngokwabo bathola futhi bacoshe isidoda esifihliwe ngabesilisa, abafaka ngawo amaqanda.
Kusukela emaqanda, kwakhiwa isibungu se-ciliary, esihlala phansi bese siphenduka sibe i-polyp. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-planula. Kukhona nezimpikiswano mayelana nokuzala kanye nomjikelezo wempilo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, "ukuzalwa" kwe-jellyfish eyodwa kuphela kusuka ku-polyp eyodwa kuhunyushwa ngokuthi ukuguqulwa komzimba.
Kusukela lapho kulandela ukuthi i-polyp ne-jellyfish yizigaba ezimbili ze-ontogenesis yesidalwa esisodwa. Enye indlela ukwakheka kwe-jellyfish ngenkathi kwenziwa uhlobo oluthile lokuzala, ososayensi abakubiza ngokuthi yi-monodisc strobilation. Kufana ne-polydisc strobilation yama-polyps kumsuka we-scyphoid jellyfish.
Imvelo yebhokisi le-jellyfish isho imvelaphi yakudala kakhulu. Izinsalela ezindala kakhulu zitholakala eduzane nedolobha laseChicago kanti kulinganiselwa ukuthi ososayensi baneminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-300 ubudala. Kungenzeka ukuthi isikhali sabo esibulalayo sasihloselwe ukuvikela lezi zidalwa ezibuthakathaka kwizakhamizi ezinkulu zasekujuleni kwaleso sikhathi.
