Indoda yaseRussia noma i-khokhulya - isilwane esincane esifana nesiphambano phakathi kwe-otter negundane, esinekhala elide, umsila onamagquma nephunga elimnandi lomsundu, esathola igama laso (kusuka ku-Russian "huhat" wakudala - ukunuka).
Isihlobo esiseduzane kakhulu sesihlobo pyrenean desman, okuncane kakhulu kunomlingani wakhe waseRussia. Ubude bomzimba wenkosi yaseRussia bungamasentimitha angama-20, futhi umsila ulingana ncamashi, umbozwe izikali ezinezimpondo nezinwele ezilukhuni.
I-desman inekhala leselula elide kakhulu, lapho kutholakala khona amadevu abucayi. Amehlo mancane, njengobuhlalu obumnyama, azungezwe isiqephu sesikhumba esimhlophe esinempandla.
UDesman ubona kabi kakhulu, kepha lokhu bakukhokhela lokhu ngomuzwa omuhle wokuhogela nokuthinta. Izitho zifushane kakhulu. Imilenze yangemuva ingunyawo lwekilabhu, kanti izinzwane zixhunywe ulwelwesi, olukuvumela ukuthi uhambe ngokushesha okukhulu ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Izidladla zinezinzipho ezinde futhi ezinamandla eziboshiwe, okulula ukukhipha kuzo amagobolondo ama-gastropods (omunye wemikhiqizo yokudla eyinhloko ye-desman).
Ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo kwasekuqaleni, izithombe ze-Russian desman kaningi baba yisisekelo sokwakhiwa kwama-memes e-Intanethi, ngenxa yalokho lesi silwane sithole ukuthandwa okukhulu emhlabeni jikelele.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Kukholakala ukuthi muskrat, njengezilwane, kwavela Emhlabeni okungenani eminyakeni engama-30,000,000 edlule. Ngalezo zinsuku, u-desman wayehlala kulo lonke elaseYurophu kuze kufike eziQhingini zaseBrithani.
Khona manje muskrat okubalwe ku- Incwadi Ebomvu, futhi itholakala kuphela engxenyeni yaseYurophu ye-USSR yangaphambili, efaka ingxenye yaseYurophu yaseRussia, iLithuania, i-Ukraine, iBelarus neKazakhstan. Izindawo zokuhlala zakwaDesman zikhawulelwe yimifula nemifudlana eminingi, kanye nezinqolobane ezikhethekile nezindawo ezingcwele.
Lokhu kungenxa yesakhiwo esithile semigodi ka-desman - kungumhubhe, onamamitha ayi-1 kuye kwayi-10 ubude, okhuphuka ngokuvundlile okuluhlayo esidlekeni esihlala singaphansi kwamanzi.
Isimo kanye nendlela yokuphila yalowo osesikhundleni
Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi muskrat - esincelisayo isilo, uchitha ingxenye enkulu yempilo yakhe ngaphansi kwamanzi, emigodini ebunjiwe ngobuchule. Umgodi ngamunye onjalo unokuphuma okukodwa kuphela, ngakho-ke, uma kugcwala amanzi, i-desman kufanele ilinde ezihlahleni ezicwile isigamu, inhlabathi ephakeme engakhukhuleki, noma emigodini emincane eyisipele eyebiwe ngaphezulu kwezinga lamanzi.
Yisikhathi sesikhukhula samanzi esiphumelela kakhulu kubaphenyi, ngoba ithuba lokuhlangana muskrat futhi wenze isithombe sesilwane kwanda kakhulu.
Ngesikhathi sezulu esihle (imvamisa ihlobo) muskrat ayithandi ukuzijabulisa izilwane... Abantu bahlala ngalesi sikhathi bodwa noma emindenini. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, abantu abanesizungu kanye nemindeni babuthana emiphakathini emincane yabantu abayi-12 - 15 ukuze basizane basinde.
Ukwenza kube lula ukuhamba kusuka komunye umgodi uya komunye, u-desman wemba imisele emincane engaphansi kwamanzi. Imvamisa ibanga phakathi kwemigodi lifinyelela kumamitha angama-30. I-nimble desman ingabhukuda leyo ndlela ngaphansi kwamanzi cishe ngomzuzu, kodwa uma kunesidingo, lesi silwane singabamba umoya ngaphansi kwamanzi imizuzu engafinyelela kwemine.
Ukomisa nokuchoboza amadamu abo kuba yinkinga enkulu ku-desman. Ukuthola isiphephelo esisha kungumsebenzi onzima kakhulu, ngoba isilwane sibona kabi kakhulu futhi sihamba ngobunzima obukhulu emhlabathini ngenxa yesakhiwo semilenze yaso yangemuva, esetshenziselwe kahle ukuntywila nge-scuba.
Ngenxa yakho konke lokhu, amathuba okuthola ikhaya elisha awanakwa, futhi, ngokunokwenzeka, isilwane esingenakuzivikela sizovele sibe isisulu esilula sanoma yisiphi isilwane esidlayo.
Ukudla okunomsoco
Ukudla kuka-desman akuhlukile kakhulu. Ukudla okuyinhloko kwalezi zilwane izibungu zezinambuzane, ama-mollusks kanye nezimbungulu. Ebusika, lolu hlu lugcwaliswa ngazo zonke izinhlobo zokudla kwezitshalo ngisho nezinhlanzi ezincane.
Yize i-desman ingenkulu ngosayizi, idla kakhulu - umuntu omdala udla inani lokudla elilingana nesisindo sakhe ngosuku. Indlela yokuthola ukudla ebusika iyathandeka impela.
Lapho i-desman isuka komunye umbungu iye komunye emseleni ombiwe, kancane kancane iwukhipha umoya oqoqiwe, ishiye uhide lwamabhamuza amancane. Lawa magwebu, njengoba ekhuphuka, anqwabelana ngaphansi kweqhwa bese eliqandisa kulo, okwenza iqhwa libe buthakathaka futhi libe nempophoma.
Kulezi zindawo ezinamaphiko, kudalwa izimo zokushintshaniswa komoya okuhle kakhulu, okuheha ama-molluscs, ama-gazinga nezinambuzane, okuba yizisulu ezilula zodokotela.
Futhi, mhlawumbe, iphunga le-musk liyakhanga kubahlali basemanzini. Umthombo waleli phunga yi-musk enamafutha efihlekile evela kwizindlala ezisengxenyeni yokuqala yesithathu yomsila we-desman.
Ngakho-ke, isilwane akudingeki sigijime njalo ngezansi sifuna ukudla - ukudla uqobo kudonswa emiseleni, lapho i-desman ihambisa khona njalo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, u-desman uphuma emigodini yabo athole umlingani. Baheha umlingani ngokumemeza. I-desman ayivamile futhi iyimfihlo kangangokuthi ngisho nabadobi abanolwazi abavame ukuvakashela izindawo zokwakha izidleke zalezi zilwane abakwazi ukuphendula umbuzo othi “udemani ukhala kanjani?”.
Abesifazane benza imisindo emnene futhi kuneyomculo, kepha abesilisa bayakhala kakhulu. Isikhathi sonke sokukhetha amabhangqa sihambisana nokulwa njalo nokulwa phakathi kwabesilisa. Ukukhulelwa kukaDesman kuthatha amaviki ayisithupha kuya kwayisikhombisa, yingakho kuzalwa iwundlu elilodwa kuya kwayisihlanu. Isisindo sedesman esanda kuzalwa asivamile ukudlula ama-gramu ama-3.
Izingane zizalwa zinqunu, izimpumputhe futhi zingenakuzisiza ngokuphelele - izimpilo zazo zixhomeke ngqo ekunakekelweni ngabazali bazo. Insikazi neyeduna zombili ziyayinakekela inzalo, zibheke amachwane ngokushintshana futhi zingayi ekudleni.
Amantshontsho aqala ukuzondla ngokudla kwabantu abadala eyedwa kuphela emva kokuzalwa. Bazimela ngokuphelele lapho beneminyaka engu-4 - 5 izinyanga. Ngemuva kwesinye isigamu sonyaka, zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi futhi sezivele zikwazi ukudala amabhangqa azo futhi zizale izingane.
Isikhathi esingangonyaka, owesilisa wesifazane uyakwazi ukuletha inzalo emibili. Inani eliphakeme lokuzala ngezikhathi ezisukela ngoMeyi kuya kuJuni nangesikhathi sikaNovemba kuya kuDisemba. Bheka eduze izithombe ze-desman... Lezi zidalwa zavela emhlabeni eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-30 eyedlule, zasinda ngasikhathi sinye njengamammoths, zasinda enanini elimangalisayo lezinhlekelele.
Futhi manje, esikhathini sethu, basengcupheni yokuqothulwa ngenxa yokoma nokungcoliswa kwemizimba yamanzi, ukudotshwa kwezimfundamakhwela ngamanetha nokungabi nandaba ngokuphelele nezinkinga zemvelo ohlangothini lwesintu.
