Izici zentuthwane nendawo yokuhlala
Izintuthwane ziphakathi kwezinambuzane ezivame kakhulu kubantu, ezitholakala ehlathini, ekhaya nasemgwaqweni. Bangabomndeni weHymenoptera, bahlukile futhi bathakazelisa kakhulu ukugcinwa. Izinambuzane zakha izindawo zokuhlala, ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi izintuthwane.
Umzimba wentuthwane ejwayelekile ebomvu yehlathi uhlukaniswe ngokucacile waba izingxenye ezintathu, okuvela kuwo ikhanda elikhulu. Amehlo amakhulu ayinkimbinkimbi. Ngaphezu kwazo, lesi sinambuzane sinamehlo amathathu angeziwe, enzelwe ukuthola izinga lokukhanyisa.
I-Antennae isitho esibucayi sokuthinta esizwa ukudlidlizela okucashile, izinga lokushisa nokuqondisa kokuhamba komoya, futhi iyakwazi ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali kwezinto. Umhlathi ongaphezulu ukhule kahle, kuyilapho umhlathi ongezansi usiza emsebenzini wokwakha nasekuthuthweni kokudla.
Imilenze inezinzipho ezenza izintuthwane zikwazi ukukhuphuka kalula zibheke phezulu. Izintuthwane ezisebenza zingabantu besifazane abathuthukile futhi abanazo izimpiko, ngokungafani nabesilisa nendlovukazi, okugcina kubalahle. Udosi lubekwa esiswini sezintuthwane, esisetshenziselwa ukondla nokuvikela.
Okwamanje ukuluma izintuthwane i-asidi ikhishwa, engeyezinhlobo ezinobuthi. Ngamanani amancane, le nto ayiyona ingozi emzimbeni womuntu, kodwa izenzakalo ezibuhlungu zingabonakala: ubomvu besikhumba, i-edema, ukulunywa. Iminyovu - izinambuzane njengezintuthwane kangangokuthi ososayensi abaningi bavame ukubabheka njengezihlobo eziseduze kakhulu.
Izinhlobo zezinhlobo izintuthwane kunezigidi ezifika emhlabeni, okuyisigamu cishe sazo zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. Bahlala emhlabeni wonke futhi batholakala ngisho nase-Antarctica.
Izinhlobo zezintuthwane ziza ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene (kusuka kumamilimitha owodwa kuya kwangamashumi amahlanu); imibala: obomvu, omnyama, ocwebezelayo, umatte, ongavamisile ukuba luhlaza. Uhlobo ngalunye lwezintuthwane lwehlukile ekubukekeni, ekuziphatheni, nasendleleni ethile yokuphila.
Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezintuthwane ezihleli ezweni lethu. Ngaphezu kwehlathi, okudume kakhulu kubo umuhlwa, oFaro, izimfunda, abagawuli bamaqabunga nezintuthwane zasendlini.
Izintuthwane ezibomvu noma zomlilo ziyizinhlobo eziyingozi. Abantu abadala bafinyelela kumamilimitha amane ngosayizi, nezimpondo ezinezikhonkwane ekhanda, futhi banoluthi olunobuthi.
Kunezinhlobo ezindizayo izintuthwane, amaphiko okuthi, ngokungafani nezinhlobo ezijwayelekile, okuyisici sabo bonke abameleli, ngaphandle kobulili.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila yentuthwane
Izintuthwane impilo ithinta kakhulu i-biogenesis ngenxa yobuningi bayo. Bahlukile ngohlobo lwabo lokudla, indlela yokuphila kanye nomthelela ezintweni eziphilayo, ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni.
Ngomsebenzi wabo obalulekile, ukwakhiwa nokuhlelwa kabusha kwezintuthwane, baxegisa umhlabathi futhi basize izitshalo, bondle izimpande zabo ngomswakama nangomoya. Ezidlekeni zazo, izimo ezifanele zenzelwe ukuthuthukiswa kwamagciwane, zinothisa umhlabathi ngezinto eziwusizo futhi zilandelele izakhi.
Indle yezintuthwane isebenza njengomanyolo. Utshani obuhlukahlukene bukhula ngokushesha eduze nezindawo abahlala kuzo. Izinambuzane izintuthwane zehlathi ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwama-oki, amaphayini nezinye izihlahla.
Izintuthwane izinambuzane ezisebenza kanzima futhi isebenza kahle ngokweqile. Bangakwazi ukuphakamisa imithwalo enesisindo esiphindwe izikhathi ezingamashumi amabili eyabo futhi bahambe amabanga amade. Izintuthwane – izinambuzane zomphakathi.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi isakhiwo sabo senhlalo sifana nesomuntu. Izintuthwane zaseTropical zihlukaniswa yizinhlobonhlobo ezikhethekile zama-castes. Banendlovukazi, amasosha, abasebenzi nezigqila.
Izintuthwane nezinye izinambuzane, njengeminyovu nezinyosi, abakwazi ukuhlala ngaphandle komphakathi wabo, futhi ngokwehlukana kohlobo lwabo bayafa. Induli yinto eyodwa, umndeni ngamunye ongeke ube khona ngaphandle kokunye. Isigaba ngasinye salesi sigungu sabaphathi senza umsebenzi othile.
Into ekhishwa izintuthwane ebizwa nge- "formic alcohol" isebenza njengengxenye yemithi ezifweni eziningi. Phakathi kwabo kukhona i-asthma ye-bronchial, i-diabetes mellitus, i-rheumatism, isifo sofuba nezinye eziningi. Ibuye isetshenziselwe ukuvikela ukulahleka kwezinwele.
Ukudla kwentuthwane
Izintuthwane zidinga ukudla okunomsoco, ziyizilwane ezidla ezinye futhi zibhubhisa izinambuzane zezitshalo. Abantu abadala badla ukudla okunomsoco: isitshalo sezitshalo, imbewu yabo kanye nompe, amakhowe, imifino, izithelo, amaswidi.
Izibungu zinikezwa iprotheni okunomsoco, okubandakanya izinambuzane nezinambuzane ezingenamgogodla: izibungu ze-mealy, ama-cicadas, ama-aphid, izinambuzane ezikhulayo nezinye. Ngalokhu, izintuthwane ezisebenzayo zithatha abantu asebefile bese zihlasela abaphilayo.
Imizi yabantu kwesinye isikhathi iyindawo ekahle yokulima okuyingozi kwezintuthwane zikaFaro. Kukhona imfudumalo nokudla okuningi, ekufuneni ukuthi yiziphi izinambuzane ezingakhathali futhi ezinamasu, zinqoba noma yiziphi izithiyo.
Ukuthola umthombo wamandla, bakha wonke umgwaqo omkhulu oya kuwo, lapho behamba khona ngobuningi. Imvamisa zilimaze izintuthwane isetshenziswa emakhaya abantu, ezingadini nasezivandeni zemifino.
Ukuzala nokulindela impilo kwentuthwane
Kungaba khona indlovukazi eyodwa noma ngaphezulu emndenini walezi zinambuzane. Ukundiza kwabo kokukhwelana kwenzeka kanye kuphela, ngenkathi ukuqoqwa kwesidoda okuqoqiwe kwanele impilo yabo yonke. Ngemuva kwesiko, owesifazane, ochitha amaphiko akhe, uba yindlovukazi. Okulandelayo, isibeletho sifuna indawo efanelekile yokubeka amasende.
Ezintuthwaneni zasehlathini, zinkulu ngosayizi, zinombala omhlophe onjengobisi negobolondo elisobala nokumila okulingene. Kusukela emaqandeni avundiswe yindlovukazi, abesifazane bayachamuselwa, kokunye, kutholakala abesilisa abahlala emasontweni ambalwa ngaphambi kokukhwelana.
Izibungu zezintuthwane zidlula ezigabeni ezine zokukhula futhi ziyefana nezikelemu, zicishe zinganyakazi futhi zondliwa izintuthwane ezisebenzayo. Ngokulandelayo, bakhiqiza iziphungumangathi eziphuzi noma ezimhlophe ezinesimo seqanda.
Yikuphi isigaba umuntu aphuma kuzo kuncike ngokuphelele ekuphakeleni. Ukutholakala kwezindlela zokuzalela izintuthwane zezinhlobo ezithile kuyamangaza, ngokwesibonelo, abesifazane bangavela ngokuzala kabusha kwe-asexual.
Isikhathi sokuphila sezintuthwane zesisebenzi sifinyelela eminyakeni emithathu. Isikhathi sokuphila sendlovukazi, ngokokubuka kwezinambuzane, sikhulu kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi sifinyelela eminyakeni engamashumi amabili. Izintuthwane ezishisayo zisebenza unyaka wonke, kepha lezo ezihlala ezifundeni eziqinile azilele ebusika. Imvamisa, izibungu zingena ekudeni, futhi abantu abadala bamane banciphise umsebenzi wabo.
