Ama-Beavers kukhulunywa ngawo ngomdlandla omncane: lezi zilwane ezimangazayo ziyamangala ngomsebenzi wazo onzima, ukungathí sina nokwenziwa samuntu kokuhleleka nokuzinikela.
Umuntu wenze lesi silwane iqhawe elihle lezinganekwane nezinganekwane mayelana namagugu angunaphakade empilo. Munye kuphela okufanele ahlukanise amagama ongwaqa: i-beaver iyisilwane, kanti i-beaver igama loboya bayo.
Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo i-beaver
Ngokulandelana kwamagundane, lesi silwane esincelisayo singesinye esikhulu kunazo zonke, esifinyelela ku-30 kg noma ngaphezulu ngesisindo. Umzimba ugcwele isikwele futhi unwebe ubude obungu-1.5 m, uze ufike cishe ku-30 cm.Imilenze emifushane eneminwe emihlanu, phakathi kwayo kukhona ulwelwesi. Izinyawo zangemuva zinamandla kakhulu kunezangaphambili.
Izipikili ziqinile, zigobile futhi ziyisicaba. Emunweni wesibili uzipho luyimfoloko, lufana nekama. Yilokhu isilwane esikusebenzisayo ukukama uboya obuhle futhi obuyigugu. Uboya bunezinwele zokuqapha ezimahhadla kanye nejazi elincane, isivikelo esithembekile ku-hypothermia, ngoba asimanzi kahle emanzini.
Isendlalelo samafutha angaphansi, agcina ukushisa kwangaphakathi, nawo asindisa emakhazeni. Ububanzi bombala wejazi busuka ku-chestnut kuya ku-brown onsundu, cishe omnyama, njengezidladla nomsila.
Ngenxa yoboya obuyigugu futhi obuhle, lesi silwane sacishe sabhujiswa njengenhlobo: kwakukhona abantu abaningi ababefuna ukuthola ijazi loboya nesigqoko esenziwe ngesikhumba sesilwane. Ekugcineni i-beaver kungezwe ohlwini izilwane Incwadi ebomvu.
Umsila wesilwane ubukeka njengesigwedlo esingu-30 cm ngosayizi futhi ungafika ku-11-13 cm ububanzi.Ubuso bugcwele izikali ezinkulu namabristles aqinile. Ukuma komsila nezinye izici zihlukanisa i-Eurasia noma ibeaver ejwayelekile esihlotsheni saseMelika (saseCanada).
Emsileni, kune-wen nezindlala ezimbili zokukhiqiza into enephunga, ebizwa ngokuthi yi-beaver stream. Imfihlo ye-wen iqukethe ukugcina imininingwane mayelana nomuntu (ubudala, ubulili), nephunga likhombisa imingcele yendawo ehlala abantu. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukwehluka kwejet beaver, njengezigxivizo zeminwe zabantu. Into isetshenziswa ekwenzeni amakha.
Esithombeni, i-beaver yomfula
Esifubeni esincane, izindlebe ezimfushane, ezingaconsi phansi kuboya, ziyabonakala. Yize ubukhulu bezitho zokuzwa, ukuzwa kwesilwane kuhle kakhulu. Lapho sicwiliswa emanzini, amakhala nezindlebe zesilwane kuyavalwa, amehlo avikelwe "ijwabu leso lesithathu" futhi avikelekile ekulimaleni.
Ulwelwesi olucwayizayo lukuvumela ukuthi ubone isilwane emanzini aminyene. Izindebe ze-beaver nazo zakhiwe ngokukhethekile ngendlela yokuthi zingaminyaniswa, amanzi awangeni emlonyeni womlomo lapho iququda.
Imiqulu emikhulu yamaphaphu ivumela isilwane ukuba sibhukude, ngaphandle kokuvela ebusweni bamanzi, kuze kufike ku-700 m, sichitha cishe imizuzu eyi-15. Ezilwaneni ezinamanzi amancane, lezi yizibalo ezirekhodiwe.
Phila izilwane ze-beavers emizimbeni yamanzi ajulile angenawo umsinga onensayo. Lawa ngamachibi asehlathini, amachibi, imifula, imifudlana kanye namachibi amadamu. Isimo esiyinhloko imifino ecebile yasogwini ethambile, izihlahlana notshani. Uma indawo ingalungile kahle, i-beaver isebenza ngokushintsha imvelo njengomakhi.
Kudala izilwane zazizinze kulo lonke elaseYurophu nase-Asia, ngaphandle kwaseKamchatka naseSakhalin. Kodwa ukuqothulwa kanye nomsebenzi wezomnotho kwaholela ekuqothulweni kwengxenye enkulu yama-beavers. Umsebenzi wokubuyisela uyaqhubeka kuze kube yilolu suku, lapho ama-beavers ehlala emachibini okuhlala kuwo.
Isimo nendlela yokuphila ye-beaver
Ama-Beavers yizilwane ezinamanzi amancane ezizizwa zizethemba kakhulu emanzini, zibhukuda kahle, zitshuza nasemhlabeni i-beaver Ine buka okuxakile isilwane.
Umsebenzi wezilwane uyanda kusihlwa nokuqala kobusuku. Ehlobo bangasebenza amahora ayi-12. Ebusika kuphela, emakhazeni amakhulu, azishiyi izindlu ezifihliwe. Imigodi noma okuthiwa amaqhugwane yizindawo lapho kuhlala khona imindeni yama-beaver.
Ukungena kwemigodi kufihlwe ngamanzi futhi kuholele ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zezindawo ezisogwini. Ukuphuma okuphuthumayo kuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezilwane. Igumbi lokuhlala lingaphezu kwemitha ngosayizi futhi lingaba ngu-50 cm ukuphakama, lihlale likhona ngaphezu kwezinga lamanzi.
IBeverver ingakha amadamu angasekela kalula isisindo somuntu
I-canopy ekhethekile ivikela indawo emfuleni, lapho kune-burrow khona, kusukela ekubandeni kobusika. Ukubona phambili kwama-beavers kufana nobuchwepheshe babaklami. Ukwakhiwa kwamaqhugwane kwenziwa ezindaweni ezisicaba noma emabhange aphansi. Lezi yizakhiwo ezinesigaxa esifinyelela kumamitha amathathu ukuphakama ezenziwe nge-brushwood, udaka nobumba.
Ngaphakathi ivulekile, ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-12 ububanzi.Phezulu kunendawo evulekile yomoya, futhi ezansi kunezimbobo zokucwilisa emanzini. Ebusika, igcina ifudumele ngaphakathi, alikho iqhwa, ama-beavers angangena echibini. Intuthu phezu kweqhugwane ngosuku lwesithwathwa kuwuphawu lokuhlala.
Ukugcina izinga lamanzi elidingekayo nokugcina amaqhugwane kanye nemisele, ama-beavers akha amadamu aziwayo, noma amadamu ngeziqu zemithi, izinkuni zokuxubha kanye nodaka. Ngisho namatshe asindayo afinyelela ku-18 kg atholakala ukuqinisa isakhiwo.
Uhlaka lwedamu, njengomthetho, yisihlahla esiwile, esigcwele izinto zokwakha ezifika ku-30 m ubude, kuze kufike ku-2 m ukuphakama, kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-6. Isakhiwo singasekela kalula isisindo sanoma yimuphi umuntu.
Esithombeni, umgodi we-beaver
Isikhathi sokwakha sithatha cishe amasonto ama-2-3. Ngemuva kwalokho ama-beaver aqapha ngokucophelela ukuphepha kwento efakiwe futhi enze "ukulungisa" uma kunesidingo. Basebenza njengemindeni, besabalalisa imithwalo yemfanelo, njengokungathi ngenxa yokuhlela okunembile nokungabi namaphutha.
Izinduku zibhekana kalula nezihlahla ezifika ku-7-8 cm ububanzi ngemizuzu engu-5, zifuna iziqu ezansi. Iyakwazi ukuphatha izihlahla ezinkudlwana, ezifika ku-40 cm ububanzi, ubusuku bonke. Ukusika izingxenye, ukudonsela endaweni yokuhlala noma edamini kwenziwa ngendlela ehlelekile futhi engaphazanyiswa.
Yiziphi izilwane ezingama-beaver endlini yabo, kubonakala endaweni yokuhlala. Hhayi izindawo zokuhlala kuphela, kepha neziteshi lapho kufakwa khona izinto zokwakha nokudla, akuqukethe indle nezinsalela zokudla.
Imigwaqo, izindlu, iziza zokwakha - yonke into ixhunyiwe futhi iyahlanzwa. I-landscape ekhethekile idaliwe, ebizwa nge-beaver. Izilwane zixhumana ngosizo lwamamaki akhethekile anuka kamnandi, imisindo ekhishiwe, efana nempempe, ukushaywa komsila.
I-slam emanzini iyisiginali ye-alamu kanye nomyalo wokucasha ngaphansi kwamanzi. Izitha eziyinhloko emvelweni yizimpisi, izimpungushe namabhere ansundu. Kepha umonakalo omkhulu kubantu beaver wenziwa ngabantu.
I-Beaver iyisilwane-umsebenzi nongqondongqondo wendlela yokuphila yomndeni ethule. Ngesikhathi sabo esikhululekile, bayayinakekela ingubo yoboya, bayigcobise ngezimfihlo ezivela ezihlokweni eziqinile, beyivikela ekubeni manzi.
Ukudla kwe-Beaver
Ukudla kwama-beavers kusekelwe ekudleni kwezitshalo: amagxolo namahlumela ezihlahla ezithambile; ehlobo, izitshalo ezinomsoco zenza ingxenye ebalulekile.
Inani lokudla ngosuku kufanele libe ngokwesilinganiso esifinyelela ku-1/5 wesisindo sesilwane. Amazinyo aqinile egundane alivumela ukuthi libhekane nezinhlobonhlobo zokudla okunokhuni. Bakhetha kakhulu i-willow, i-birch, i-aspen, i-poplar, i-linden engavamile kakhulu, i-bird cherry. Bathanda ama-acorn, ama-plant buds, amagxolo namaqabunga.
Ekwindla, ama-beaver avuna ifolishi lezinkuni phakathi nobusika. Izinqolobane zitholakala ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwamabhange agcwele ukugcwala okukhethekile kwamasheya. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi uthole ngaphansi kweqhwa ebusika iziqu ezingafriziwe zeminyezane, i-aspen noma izihlahla ze-birch.
Izinqolobane zikhulu kakhulu: kufika kuma-cubic metres angama-70. yomndeni owodwa we-beaver. Ama-bacteria akhethekile asiza ukugaya ukudla lapho kucutshungulwa i-cellulose, nama-beaver incisors akhula kuyo yonke impilo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Izinsikazi ziphethe umndeni we-beaver, zikhulu ngosayizi. Isikhathi sokukhwelana senzeka ebusika, kusukela maphakathi noJanuwari kuya kuNhlolanja.
Esithombeni kukhona ibeaver yengane
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa siqhubeka kuze kube nguMeyi, ezizalwa kusukela ku-1 kuye ku-6, ngasinye sinesisindo esingaba ngu-0.5 kg. I-brood imvamisa iqukethe amawundlu angama-2-4. Ama-Beavers, abonwayo futhi akhuphuka ngoboya, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-2 esevele ebhukuda ngaphansi kokunakekelwa kukanina.
Izingane zizungezwe ukunakekelwa, ukondla ubisi kuhlala kuze kube yizinsuku ezingama-20, bese kancane kancane bashintshela ekudleni kokutshala. Iminyaka emi-2, abasha bahlala kumbuthano wabazali, futhi ngemuva kokuthomba, ikoloni labo kanye nendawo yokuhlala entsha kuyakhiwa. Ngokwemvelo, impilo ye-beaver yomfula ihlala iminyaka eyi-12-17, futhi ekuthunjweni iphindwe kabili.
Ama-beavers angama-monogamous anezizukulwane zonyaka wokuqala nowesibili wokuphila akha amaqembu emindeni endaweni ehlala abantu enezakhiwo zawo zokuhlala. Ukuhlala kwabo kabusha, njengomthetho, kunomthelela omuhle esimweni semvelo semvelo.
Kunezikhathi lapho izakhiwo ze-beaver zaziyimbangela yokuguguleka kwemigwaqo noma imizila yesitimela. Kepha kaningi isilwane se-beaver icebiswe ngemizimba yamanzi ehlanzekile futhi kuhlala izinhlanzi, izinyoni, abahlali basehlathini.
