Ikhilikithi - iqhawe njalo inganekwane izingane. it isinambuzane, mhlawumbe, kuphela okungabangeli ubutha lapho ehlala ekhaya.
Abantu bamphathe ngozwela nelukuluku, ukutshiyoza kwakhe kubhekwa njengophawu lwenduduzo yasekhaya nokuthula. EJapan nase China, lesi sinambuzane sihlonishwa kakhulu futhi sigcinwa nasemakhejini amancane emakhaya abo ukulalela izingoma zaso. ENyakatho Melika, kunesithiho sokudoba, kanti nase-Asia kuyadliwa. Manje ngubani le khilikithi? Uyithathaphi le misindo yomculo futhi ingabe inenzuzo noma iyingozi?
Indawo yekhilikithi
Amakhilikithi ayizinhlobo ze-Orthoptera ezivela emndenini wekhilikithi. Zitholakala yonke indawo, kepha ezinye izinhlobo zitholakala eMpumalanga Ekude naseNyakatho Afrika.
Ngokuqala kwezulu elibandayo, amakhilikithi ajwayele ukukhoselisa abantu
IYurophu, iNyakatho Melika, iNingizimu ne-Australia yizindawo eziyinhloko zalezi zinambuzane. Izindawo ezishisayo nezishisayo, kanye nezifunda eziseningizimu zezwe lethu, seziyikhaya lezinyendle. Iqembu lezinambuzane ze-orthoptera lavela eMhlabeni eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-300 edlule. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-3 700 zekhilikithi emhlabeni. Izinhlobo ezingama-30-40 zihlala eRussia.
Amakhilikithi ahlala endaweni evulekile lapho isimo sezulu sifudumele, eduze nesimo sezulu esibandayo asondela eduze kwendawo okuhlala kuyo umuntu, futhi ahlala ezindlini, emapulazini, ezindaweni zokushisa. Amakhilikithi endlu ajwayelekile nomaphi lapho kuhlala khona abantu. Bathanda imfudumalo, futhi kaningi babehlala ezindlini ezingemva kwesitofu.
Yize beletha ukukhathazeka okuningi ngokukhala kwabo ebusuku, abantu bebengahlali njalo beqeda izivakashi ezingafuneki, ngoba ngezimpawu eziningi bathembisa injabulo, inhlanhla, ukuvikelwa emandleni amabi, ukululama ekuguleni, kanye nokulethwa kalula kwengane enempilo kwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Ngakho-ke, laba bagcini bendlu bavame ukuhlala bengaqinile emakhoneni abo afudumele.
Amakhilikithi azizwa enethezeke kakhulu ezakhiweni ezindala, lapho kunomswakama ophakeme, omata abaningi abadala nezindawo ezanele zokuhlala. Kepha noma ngesikhathi sokulungiswa nokwakhiwa kabusha kwendlu, lesi sinambuzane singahlala futhi sihlale vele esakhiweni sefulethi esitezi esiphezulu.
Into esemqoka ukufudumala nokudla okwanele. Kepha imvamisa emadolobheni, bahlala ezindlini ezinomswakama nezifudumele. Ngokwemvelo, amakhilikithi azimba imigodi ethambekele ekujuleni okungu-10-30 cm no-1.5-2 cm ububanzi. Ebusuku, bahlala cishe njalo ngasendlini bese bekhala. Uma beyodla noma bezulazula insimu, i-mink ixhunywe ngenqwaba yotshani.
Izici zekhilikithi
Isici esiyinhloko salesi sinambuzane yikhono lokutshiyoza. Abesilisa kuphela, abasebenzisa amakhono abo ezwi ekuzondeleni ukuzala, abakwaziyo lokhu.
Umsindo ojwayelekile wekhilikithi uhlobo "lwe-serenade" lwabesifazane
Okokuqala, ikhilikithi iheha insikazi, ikhuluma ngokulungela kwayo ukukhwelana. Bese emculela ama-serenades, lesi yisikhathi sokuqomisana. Futhi, uhlobo lwesithathu lwamakhilikithi wesiginali abesilisa axosha abancintisana nabo.
Umsindo ukhiqizwa ngokuhlikihla amazinyo e-elytron eyodwa ngentambo encintisayo yenye. I-elytra iyaphakama futhi yakheke, ngokuthuthumela kwabo, ukunyakaza okubukhali okubukhali, okungumthombo womsindo.
Lalela izwi lekhilikithi
Ngaphandle, amakhilikithi afana nentethe, kepha makhulu. Izinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezihlala ezweni lakithi yikhilikithi yasensimini, engu-2-2.6 cm ngosayizi, mnyama ngamachashaza awolintshi emathangeni e-elytra nawolintshi.
Umzimba wonke walesi sinambuzane umbozwe ulwelwesi olunamachashazi, oluyivikelayo ekulimaleni futhi linciphise umswakama. Hlukanisa amakhilikithi asekhaya, ensimu nasezihlahleni, ahlukile ngokubukeka. Kepha izingoma zilungele wonke umuntu ngokulinganayo.
Indlela yokuphila yekhilikithi
Zonke izinyendle zidinga imfudumalo ukuze ziphile. Kuyaqabukela bahlala emafulethini, ngoba ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo-ekwindla ukufudumeza kucishiwe, futhi kuyabanda efulethini lalezi zinambuzane. Ngakho-ke, bakhetha ukuzikhethela ikhaya ezitolo, eduze kwamayunithi afudumele, kuma-bakeries, kumagumbi okubilisa.
Cishe akunakwenzeka ukubona ikhilikithi emini, ngoba umsebenzi wayo wenzeka ebusuku. Emini, bahlala emifantwini nasemakhoneni amnyama afihlekile, futhi ebusuku kuphela kungabonakala ngomsindo.
Kukhona uphawu lokuthi uma ikhilikithi livela ekhaya, lokhu kuhle
Abesilisa abadala balawula indawo yabo, benze imijikelezo yansuku zonke futhi bayihlole izimbangi. Uma umuntu ongaziwa engena endleleni, izinyendle zizokulwa nakanjani. Ngesikhathi sokulwa, zizama ukulumana imilenze nezimpondo zomunye nomunye, zishaya ngamakhanda aminyene. Owinile angadla nokuhluliwe.
Ukubuka lo mbukwane kuyajabulisa impela, ngakho kwamanye amazwe kuhlelwa ngisho nokulwa kwekhilikithi. Ngokulwa nezinambuzane, bakha ukudla okukhethekile, imithi yemikhuhlane futhi babanikeza usuku nabesifazane ukugcina umoya wabo wokulwa.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izinga lokushisa lomoya linganqunywa ngokutshiyoza kwekhilikithi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukubala ukuthi ikhilikithi lenze umsindo kangaki ngemizuzwana engama-25, uhlukanise imiphumela ngo-3 bese ufaka u-4.
Ukudla kwekhilikithi
Ukudla kwekhilikithi kwenziwa "ngemikhiqizo" ehlukile, kuya ngendawo abahlala kuyo. Ngokwemvelo, badla ukudla kwezitshalo, futhi uma behlala eduze komuntu, badla izinsalela ezivela etafuleni lakhe.
Ikakhulukazi uketshezi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhilikithi yendlu ingadla izinambuzane ezingenamgogodla, amaphela, izicubu ze-cadaveric futhi ingahlukaniswa njengamazimuzimu - abantu abadala bangadla imikhuhlane kanye nezibungu ezincane.
Kwesinye isikhathi amakhilikithi akhuliswa ngokukhethekile ekhaya, ngenxa yezingoma zawo noma ukudla ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane (izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini, izibankwa nezinye izilwane ezihuquzelayo, kanye nezinyoni). Ngemuva kwalokho bondliwa ngezithelo ezisele, imifino, ukudla kwekati, ukudla kwezingane okomile, i-oatmeal, imvuthu yesinkwa, izinti zommbila.
Qiniseka ukuthi unikeza ukudla kwezitshalo: amaqabunga e-burdock, ulethisi kanye neziqongo zezitshalo zensimu. Amakhilikithi nawo adinga amaprotheni, angawathola ku-gammarus, ufulawa wenhlanzi kanye nomhlophe weqanda. Kepha udinga ukunikeza lokho kudla ngokulinganisela, awukwazi ukunqoba izinambuzane, ngaphandle kwalokho ukuhlangana kwazo okune-chitinous kungahle kuxege, futhi i-molt izoba nzima kakhulu.
Izaqathe, ama-apula, iklabishi zinikezwa okugayiwe ku-grater ekhulayo, kancane kancane. Amanzi ayadingeka ezinambuzaneni, futhi uma uzala amakhilikithi, khona-ke adinga ukuhlinzekwa ngoketshezi.Kungcono ukungafaki ophuzayo endaweni yokubulala izinambuzane, kepha faka isiponji esifakwe emanzini lapho. Enye yezinambuzane ezinkulu kakhulu isendaweni yeZoo yaseMoscow, lapho kukhishwa khona amakhilikithi ukondla izigceme ezahlukahlukene.
Ukuzalela ikhilikithi
Abesifazane abaningana bahlala endaweni yekhilikithi ngayinye, abeza kuye emgodini, behehwa yingoma yakhe. Kwenziwa umdanso wokukhwelana nokukhwelana, ngemuva kwalokho owesifazane ubekela amaqanda ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva. I-ovipositor yabo yinde; insikazi ihlaba inhlabathi ngayo ukuze ibekele amaqanda lapho.
Ibeka amaqanda angama-50-150 ngesizini ngayinye. Kepha uma izimo zivuma, izinga lokushisa lomoya lingaba ngu-30C, khona-ke owesifazane uzalela amaqanda afinyelela ku-700. Amaqanda amhlophe, acishe afane nobhanana. Amakhilikithi angaphakathi angabeka amaqanda ngasikhathi sinye noma ezinqwabeni emigodini ehlukene.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuya ngezinga lokushisa, emva kwamasonto ayi-1-12, izibungu ze-nymph ziyazalwa. Lezi zibungu zizodlula ezigabeni zokuthuthuka eziyi-9-11. Ekuqaleni, abantu abasha bazama ukunamathela ndawonye, bacashe ezitheni ngaphansi kwamatshe nasemigodini yobumba. Ngemuva kwe-molt yesithathu, amakhilikithi ayakhula futhi akhase azungeze le ndawo ukuze azimbe imingxuma yawo. Lapho kuqala ukubanda, i-mink iyenziwa ijule ukuze kubusika.
Imvamisa, izinga lokushisa elingaphansi komhlaba alikho ngaphansi kuka- + 0Сº, futhi uma kwenzeka kususwa, ikhilikithi iya ebusika. Ngokuqala kwezinsuku ezifudumele zikaMeyi, izinambuzane ziphuma ngaphandle, zincibilike okokugcina. Ngemuva kokuncibilika, zibukeka zihlekisa kakhulu, ngamaphiko azo amhlophe angaqondakali futhi angawomisi. U-Imago uhlala cishe izinyanga eziyi-1.5. Izinhlobo zeTropical zihlala izinyanga eziyi-6-7.
