Izinyamazane ze-Musk, lesi yisidalwa esingajwayelekile esinezindwangu ezinamabala amaningi esidale izinganekwane nezinkolelo-ze eziningi ezihambisana nesici saso - amazinyo amade. Ngenxa yala mazinyo akhula emhlathini ongenhla, le nyamazane sekuyisikhathi eside ibhekwa njenge-vampire ephuza igazi lezinye izilwane.
Ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu babemthatha njengomoya omubi, futhi ama-shaman azama ukuthola amazinyo akhe njengendebe. Igama lezinyamazane elihunyushwe lisuselwa esiGrekini lisho "ukuthwala imiski". Ukubukeka kwezinyamazane zeMusk kudonse izazi zemvelo kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, futhi kuze kube manje abaningi bakulungele ukunqoba amakhulu amakhilomitha ezindleleni zezintaba ukuze bambone ephila.
Indawo yokuhlala
Cishe lonke inani lomhlaba lezinyamazane ze-musk lisatshalaliswa enyakatho yeRussia. Indawo yokuhlala yalolu hlobo yizintaba i-Altai, Sayan, izinhlelo zezintaba zase-Eastern Siberia neYakutia, iMpumalanga Ekude neSakhalin. Izinyamazane zihlala kuwo wonke amahlathi e-taiga asezintabeni.
Ezindaweni eziseningizimu, lezi zinhlobo zihlala ezindaweni ezincane eKyrgyzstan, eMongolia, eKazakhstan, eChina, eKorea, eNepal. Izinyamazane zatholwa naseNdiya, emagqumeni aseHimalaya, kepha ziqothulwa khona manje.
Isiphetho esifanayo sehlela yena ezintabeni zaseVietnam. Izinyamazane zeMusk zihlala emahlathini aminyene emithambekeni yezintaba. Imvamisa ungamthola endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-600-900, kodwa futhi atholakala kumamitha ayi-3000 ezintabeni zeHimalaya kanye neTibet.
Izinyamazane zeMusk zivame ukufuduka, zikhetha ukuhlala endaweni ekhethiwe yensimu. Izinsikazi nezinyamazane ezisencane zonyaka zinensimu encane, kuyilapho abesilisa abadala, abaneminyaka engaphezu kwemithathu ubudala, bahlala kumahektha angama-30. ihlathi le-taiga lamazwe abo.
Abesifazane nabangaphansi kweminyaka baqondiswa kakhulu yinani lokudla, futhi indawo yokuhlala yabesilisa ngakunye incike kwinani labesifazane abasensimini, kanye nokungabikho kwabanye besilisa. Ensimini yowesilisa ngamunye ngokuvamile bahlala kowesifazane oyedwa kuya kwamathathu.
Le nyamazane engathobekile izivumelanise nempilo ngisho nasemahlathini asenyakatho anesibindi. Ukushintshashintsha kwamazinga okushisa kusuka e-East Siberian taiga kuphakeme kakhulu: kusuka -50 kuye +35 C⁰, kepha nokho la ma-artiodactyls ahlala lapho futhi.
Kusukela ebhange langakwesokudla leSiberia Yenisei kuye olwandle iPacific, kukhula ihlathi elibuhlungu, elingenamkhawulo, izingxenye ezintathu zazo ezitholakala ebhandeni leqhwa. Amathafa amakhulu nemiqansa, embozwe ngamahlathi aminyene e-fir, umsedari, i-spruce, awaweleki ngokuphelele.
Futhi kuphela izindlela eziwumngcingo zezilwane phakathi kwezihlahla eziwile ezizosiza umhambi ukuba athole uphawu lwendawo. Lawa mahlathi ashubile, abandayo, angenalutho, agcwele ngokuphelele ubulembu nobulembu, akhethwe yinyamazane ye-musk yekhaya lawo.
Indlela Yokuphila
Naphezu kobumnyama obubonakala kulawa mahlathi, izinyamazane zizizwa ziphephile lapho. Ngemuva kwakho konke, isilo esingajwayelekile sizokwazi ukubacathamela buthule. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthi ibhere elinsundu noma impisi isondele eduze nemusky inyamazane musk inyamazane - ukuqhekeka kwamagatsha aphulwayo ngokuqinisekile kuzoxwayisa isisulu, futhi izosheshe isuke lapho.
Ngisho nama-wolverine anobungcweti, ama-lynx kanye ne-Far Eastern marten abakwazi ukuphatha njalo ukubamba le nyamazane yedokodo - ingashintsha umzila wokuhamba ngokungazelelwe ngama-degree angama-90 futhi iphambanise izingoma ezifana nonogwaja.
Kuphela ezinsukwini zeqhwa nomoya, lapho ihlathi liqhekeka futhi amagatsha ephuka, inyamazane ye-musk ngeke isizwe isilwane esidlayo. Izinyamazane zinethuba lokucasha uma zinesikhathi sokwenza kude nje.
Izinyamazane zeMusk azikwazi ukugijima isikhathi eside, ngokomzimba umzimba wayo awunankinga, kepha ukuphefumula okuncane ngokushesha kuvela ngejubane elikhulu, inyamazane kufanele ime ukuze iphumule, futhi endaweni eqondile ayikwazi ukucasha ku-lynx noma i-wolverine enezinyawo ezisheshayo.
Kepha ezifundeni ezinezintaba, izinyamazane ze-musk zakha izindlela zazo zokuzivikela ekushushisweni. Udida umzila, imimoya, futhi ashiye ezindaweni ezingafinyeleleki ezitheni zakhe, enze indlela yakhe lapho ehamba ngomsila omncane nasemaceleni.
Endaweni ephephile, izinyamazane zilinde ingozi. Idatha yemvelo ivumela izinyamazane ze-musk ukuba zeqe zisuka onqenqemeni ziye onqenqemeni, zidlule ngomsila omncane, amasentimitha ambalwa kuphela.
Kepha uma ungazisindisa ngalesixuku noma i-marten ngale ndlela, lapho-ke lapho umuntu ezingela inyamazane ye-musk, lesi sici siyabhekelelwa ngabazingeli abanolwazi, futhi nezinja zabo zigxilisa ikakhulukazi izinyamazane ze-musk ezindaweni ze-sediment ukuze umuntu alinde inyamazane lapho.
Inani lezinyamazane ze-musk kubantu
FUTHI ukuzingela izinyamazane ze-musk kwenziwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Uma phambilini inhloso bekuwukuthola ugebhezi lwenyamazane olungavamile ngamazinyo, manje isilwane sesinenani laso insimbiokhiqiza i-musk.
Emvelweni umsakazo wezinyamazane ze-musk kuyadingeka ukuthi abesilisa babeke uphawu endaweni yabo futhi bahehe abesifazane ngesikhathi se-rut. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, umuntu usebenzise musk musk ngezinhloso zokwelapha nezimonyo.
Ngisho nama-Arabhu asendulo, abelaphi okukhulunywe ngabo emlandweni wabo mayelana ne-musk musk. ERoma naseGrisi, i-musk yayisetshenziselwa ukwenza impepho. Empumalanga, yayisetshenziselwa ukulungiselela imithi ye-rheumatism, izifo zenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, ukukhulisa amandla.
EYurophu insimbi faka indiza Izinyamazane zaseSiberia embonini yezimonyo namakha. E-China, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-400 zemithi zenziwe ngesisekelo se-musk.
I-musk deer yesilisa iqala ukukhiqiza imiski ineminyaka engu-2, kanti indlala isebenza kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yayo. Itholakala esiswini esingezansi, eduze kwesitho sangasese, yomisiwe futhi ichotshoziwe ibe yimpuphu kuletha u-30-50 amagremu we-powder.
Ukudla
Ngosayizi omncane (ongadluli imitha eli-1 ubude no-80 cm ukuphakama) i-musk deer inesisindo esingama-12-18 kilograms kuphela. Le nyamazane encane izondla kakhulu ngama-epiphyte kanye nobulembu basemhlabeni.
Ebusika, cishe kungama-95% we-musk deer diet. Ehlobo, ingahlukanisa itafula ngamaqabunga aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izitshalo ezithile zesambulela, izithombo ze-fir nezomsedari, ama-ferns. Izinyamazane, njengokungathi, zivumela ulele ukuthi lukhule kuze kufike ubusika obusha.
Ngesikhathi sokudla, ingakhuphuka ezihlokweni zezihlahla ezincikene, igxume emagatsheni futhi ikhuphuke ibude obungamamitha ayi-3-4. Ngokungafani nezilwane ezifuywayo, ama-reindeer asendle awakudli ngokuphelele ukudla, kepha zama ukuqoqa ubulembu obuncane ukuze indawo yokondla igcinwe. Izinyamazane zeMuscovy akudingeki zabelane ngokudla kwazo nezinye izilwane, ngakho-ke ukudla kuhlala kwanele.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Indlela yokuphila yodwa yezinyamazane iyashintsha lapho kuqala inkathi yokuthwala. NgoNovemba-Disemba, abesilisa baqala ukumaka insimu ngezindlala zabo zephunga, babeke amamaki angama-50 ngosuku. Basebenzisa amagquma ukwenza lokhu.
Bazama ukwandisa indawo yabo, futhi bavame ukuhlangana nomakhelwane. Emzabalazweni wokuthola indawo elangeni, okusho ukuthi kowesifazane, izinyamazane zilwa izimpi ezinamandla kakhulu. Lapho amaduna amabili ehlangana, ekuqaleni avele azulazulisane ngebanga elingamamitha ayi-6-7, eveza amazinyo awo nokukhulisa uboya bawo, ngaleyo ndlela azinike ukuzethemba nosayizi owengeziwe.
Ngokuvamile inyamazane encane ishiya insimu. Endabeni lapho amabutho elingana, kuqala impi, lapho kusetshenziswa khona amazinyo abukhali nezinselo. Izinyamazane ziyazikhandla, zinqamule amazinyo futhi zilimale kakhulu emzabalazweni.
Ngemuva kokukhwelana, insikazi ithwala amawundlu ayi-1-2, azalwa ehlobo futhi afinyelela ekuvuthweni kwezocansi ezinyangeni eziyi-15-18. Izinyamazane ze-musk zihlala cishe iminyaka emihlanu. Ekuthunjweni, iminyaka yabo ifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-10-12.
Njengamanje, inani lezinyamazane ze-musk eRussia lilinganiselwa kubantu abayizinkulungwane eziyi-125. Yize ezinsukwini zakudala inyamazane ye-musk yacishe yaqothulwa ngokuphelele, lolu hlobo lusasindile, futhi manje selungolokuhweba. Inombolo ilawulwa ngamapulazi okuzingela futhi inani elithile lamavawusha okuzingela izinyamazane ze-musk likhishwa ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zezwe.
