Izici nendawo yokuhlala
I-marmot (evela eLatin Marmota) isilwane esincelisayo esivela emndenini wesikwele, ukuhleleka kwamagundane.
Ezweni izimbila zezilwane yiNyakatho Melika, ukusuka lapho yasakazekela eYurophu nase-Asia, futhi manje kunezinhlobo zazo eziyishumi nanhlanu:
1. Okumpunga yiNtaba yase-Asia noma i-Altai marmot (kusuka ku-Latin baibacina) - indawo yokuhlala izintaba zase-Altai, Sayan naseTien Shan, eMpumalanga Kazakhstan naseningizimu yeSiberia (Tomsk, Kemerovo naseNovosibirsk);
Iningi lezimbila ezivamile zihlala eRussia
2. I-Baibak aka Babak noma i-steppe marmot ejwayelekile (kusuka ku-Latin bobak) - ihlala ezifundeni ezinamathafa ezwekazi lase-Eurasia;
3. I-marble-steppe marmot Kashchenko (kastschenkoi) - uhlala eNovosibirsk, esifundeni saseTomsk ebhange elingakwesokudla le-Ob;
4. I-Alaskan aka Bauer's marmot (broweri) - ihlala esifundeni esikhulu kunazo zonke e-US - enyakatho ye-Alaska;
5. Izinwele ezimpunga (ezivela ku-Latin caligata) - zikhetha ukuhlala ezintabeni zaseNyakatho Melika ezifundazweni ezisenyakatho ze-USA naseCanada;
Esithombeni, imbila enezinwele ezimpunga
6.I-black-capped (kusuka ku-Latin camtschatica) - ngesifunda ohlala kuso sehlukaniswe saba yizinhlobo ezincane:
- Severobaikalsky;
- ULena-Kolyma;
- IKamchatka;
7. Umbala omude noma obomvu wemisipha uJeffrey (ovela esiLatin caudata Geoffroy) - uncamela ukuhlala engxenyeni eseningizimu ye-Asia Ephakathi, kodwa uyatholakala nase-Afghanistan nasenyakatho yeNdiya.
8. I-yellow-bellied (kusuka ku-Latin flaviventris) - indawo yokuhlala isentshonalanga yeCanada nase-United States of America;
9. I-Himalayan aka Tibetan marmot (esuselwa kuLatin himalayana) - njengoba igama lisho, lolu hlobo lwemarmot luhlala ezinhlelweni zezintaba zaseHimalaya nasezintabeni zaseTibetan ezindaweni eziphakeme kuze kufike olayini beqhwa;
10. I-Alpine (evela ku-Latin marmota) - indawo yokuhlala yalezi zinhlobo zamagundane yi-Alps;
11. IMarmot Menzbier aka Talas marmot (evela eLatin menzbieri) - ejwayelekile engxenyeni esentshonalanga yezintaba zeTan Shan;
12. Ihlathi (monax) - lihlala emazweni asenkabeni nasenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-United States;
13. IMongolia aka Tarbagan noma iSmerian marmot (kusuka eLatin sibirica) - ejwayelekile ezindaweni zaseMongolia, enyakatho neChina, ezweni lakithi ihlala eTransbaikalia naseTuva;
Ithebhu yemarmot
14. I-Olympic aka Olympic marmot (evela olympus yesiLatin) - indawo yokuhlala - izintaba zase-Olympic, ezisenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika esifundazweni saseWashington, e-USA;
15. IVancouver (kusuka eLatin vancouverensis) - indawo yokuhlala incane futhi itholakala ogwini olusentshonalanga yeCanada, eVancouver Island.
Unganikela incazelo yesilwane sengulube njengesilwane esincelisayo igundane emilenzeni emine emifushane, enekhanda elincane, elihlangene kancane nomzimba onamandla ophelela emsileni. Zinamazinyo amakhulu, anamandla futhi made kunawo emlonyeni.
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, imbila iyigundane elikhulu ngokwanele. Izinhlobo ezincane kunazo zonke - iMembier's marmot, inesidumbu esingu-40-50 cm ubude nesisindo esingaba ngu-2.5-3 kg. Okukhulu kunazo zonke isilwane asemaqeleni imbila i-step-steppe - ubukhulu bomzimba wayo bungafinyelela kuma-70-75 cm, ngesisindo sesidumbu esifinyelela ku-12 kg.
Umbala woboya balesi silwane uyehluka kuye ngohlobo, kepha imibala evelele ingumbala ompunga-ophuzi nonsundu ngokumpunga.
Ngaphandle, ngokuma komzimba nombala, ama-gopher izilwane ezifana nezimbila, kuphela ngokungafani nalezi zokugcina, zincane kancane.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
AmaMarmot yizimbuzi ezinjengalezi ezifukamela isikhathi ekwindla-entwasahlobo, esingahlala izinyanga eziyisikhombisa kwezinye izinhlobo.
Ama-Groundhogs achitha cishe isigamu sonyaka ebusika
Ngesikhathi sokuvuka, lezi zilwane ezincelisayo zihola impilo yansuku zonke futhi zihlala zifuna ukudla, ezikudinga kakhulu ukuze zilale ubusika. Izimbila zihlala emigodini ezizimba yona. Kuzo, zilala ubusika bonke futhi bonke busebusika, ingxenye yekwindla nentwasahlobo.
Izinhlobo eziningi zezimbila zihlala emakoloni amancane. Zonke izinhlobo zihlala emindenini eneduna elilodwa nabesifazane abaningana (imvamisa emibili kuya kwemine). Izimbila zikhulumisana ngokukhala okufishane.
Muva nje, ngesifiso sabantu sokuba nezilwane ezingajwayelekile ekhaya, njengamakati nezinja, imbila yaba isilwane abathandi bemvelo abaningi.
Ekujuleni kwawo, la magundane ahlakaniphe kakhulu futhi awadingi mizamo emikhulu yokuwagcina. Ekudleni, azikhethi, azinayo indle enephunga.
Futhi ekugcinweni kwabo kunesimo esisodwa kuphela esikhethekile - kumele bafakwe ebusika basebusika.
Ukudla kwamagundane
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwezimbila ukudla kwezitshalo (izimpande, izitshalo, izimbali, imbewu, amajikijolo, njalonjalo). Ezinye izinhlobo, njenge-marmot enamabala aphuzi, zidla izinambuzane ezifana nesikhonyane, amacimbi ngisho namaqanda ezinyoni. Imbila endala idla cishe ikhilogremu elilodwa lokudla ngosuku.
Phakathi nenkathi kusuka entwasahlobo kuye ekwindla, imbila idinga ukudla kakhulu ukuze ithole ungqimba lwamafutha oluzosekela umzimba wayo phakathi nobusika bonke.
Ezinye izinhlobo, ngokwesibonelo, imbila yama-Olimpiki, ithola ngaphezu kwengxenye yesisindo sayo sonke somzimba ngokulala ubusika, cishe u-52-53%, okungamakhilogremu angu-3.2-3.5.
Uyabona izithombe zezimbila zezilwane ngamafutha anqwabelene ebusika, le nduku ibukeka njengenja enonile yakwaShar Pei ekwindla.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Izinhlobo eziningi zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila. Umhlanga wenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngemuva kokuphuma ebusika, imvamisa ngo-Ephreli-Meyi.
Owesifazane uzala inzalo inyanga, ngemuva kwalokho kuzalwa inani labantu ababili kuya kwabayisithupha. Ngenyanga eyodwa noma ezimbili ezilandelayo, izimbila ezincane zondla ngobisi lukamama, bese ziqala ukuphuma kancane emgodini zidle uhlaza.
Esithombeni, ingane imbila
Lapho ifinyelela ebusheni, intsha ishiya abazali bayoziqalela eyayo imindeni, imvamisa ihlala ekoloni elijwayelekile.
Endle, izimbila zingaphila kuze kube yiminyaka engamashumi amabili. Ekhaya, isikhathi sabo sokuphila sifushane kakhulu futhi kuncike kakhulu ebusika bokuzenzela; ngaphandle kwako, isilwane efulethini akunakwenzeka ukuthi siphile iminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu.
