Indlela yokuphila ye-Anaconda
Inyoka enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni - inhlwathi, ebhekisa emabhokisini. Angikaze ngihlangane okwamanje inyoka enkulu kunenhlwathi... Isisindo esilinganisanayo siyashintshashintsha sibe ngu-100 kg, kanti ubude bufinyelela kumamitha ayisithupha noma ngaphezulu. Abanye ochwepheshe bathi amamitha ayi-11 akuwona umkhawulo wobuhle bamanzi anjalo.
Yiqiniso, kunjalo ubude benyoka yenhlwathi ayikakaqoshwa ngokwesayensi. Kuze kube manje, sikwazile ukuhlangana nokumaka ngokuphelele kuphela inhlwathi, enobude obungamamitha ayi-9, lokhu-ke, akuyona amamitha ayi-11, kepha nosayizi omkhulu kangaka wenyoka ukwethusa. Ngendlela, izinyoka zesifazane zikhulu kakhulu futhi zinamandla kunabesilisa.
Kungani "ubuhle bamanzi"? Ngoba inhlwathi inelinye igama - i-water boa. Kusemanzini, emanzini angajulile, lapho ikwazi ukubamba inyamazane kalula futhi ihlale ingaziwa. Nemvelo yanakekela uzungu lwenhlwathi. Umbala wesikhumba walenyoka uluhlaza-mpunga, amabala ansundu atholakala ngemuva, ahamba ngephethini lababheki.
Amabala awanawo umumo ocacisiwe - imvelo ayiyithandi i-geometry, futhi inyoka inamathuba onke okuhlala ingaziwa ngombala "ongalungile" onjalo. Ukuze uhlangane ngokwengeziwe namanzi, embozwe amaqabunga awile, kunezindawo ezincane eziphuzi ezinokuhlangana okumnyama ezinhlangothini zomzimba.
Umbala wesikhumba uhlukile kumuntu ngamunye, ngakho-ke ngeke kusebenze ukuthola izinhlwathi ezimbili ezifanayo ngokuphelele. Njengoba inhlwathi iyinhlangano ye-boa constrictor, inikezwa amandla amakhulu. Akanabo ubuthi, kulokhu akanabungozi, kepha maye kulowo omthatha kancane - ngisho nenyamazane encane ingaba yisisulu.
Lesi reptile asinikiwe amandla kuphela, kepha futhi sinikezwe ubuhlakani ngisho nenkohliso. Izilwane kanye nabanye abantu benza iphutha ngokuqhamuka kwakhe, ulimi oluyimfoloko lwenze isitho esiyingozi, bekholelwa ukuthi kungosizo lwaso ukuthi kuzolunywa kabi. Kepha le yindlela inyoka evele nje ithambekele ngayo esikhaleni. Ulimi lubona ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwemvelo futhi lukhipha umyalo oya ebuchosheni.
U-Anaconda uncamela ukuhola impilo yasemanzini. Ayinazo izitha emanzini, futhi emhlabathini akekho onesibindi sokuthinta lesi silwane esiyingozi. Lapho futhi wancibilika. Inyoka iyisidalwa esinegazi elibandayo, ngakho-ke, uma ukushisa kunganele, incamela ukuphuma ogwini igcobe ilanga, yize ingakhasi kude namanzi.
Uma idamu loma, inhlwathi kufanele ithole enye, kepha lapho isomiso sifica wonke amadamu, lenyoka izifihla odakeni futhi iwele esimweni sokuba ndikindiki, kuphela ngale ndlela ikwazi ukusinda kuze kufike isikhathi semvula esisha.
Indawo yokuhlala i-Anaconda
U-Anaconda uhlala kuyo yonke iNingizimu Melika eshisayo. Zinethezekile emiseleni, emifuleni, emachibini, ezinyokeni ezihlala e-Amazon nase-Orinoco, zihlala esiqhingini saseTrinidad.
ISavannah Llanos (Central Venezuela) iphenduke ipharadesi eliyinyoka nhlobo - isikhathi semvula esiyizinyanga eziyisithupha senza indawo ekahle yokuhlala nokuzalaniswa kwezinhlwathi, yingakho kunezinhlwathi eziningi kulezo zindawo kunezinye izindawo. Amachibi asendaweni kanye namaxhaphozi afudunyezwa kakhulu yilanga, okuqhubeka nokunezela izimo ezinhle kulokhu umhlaba wenhlwathi yenyoka.
Umsoco we-Anaconda
Ukudla kwale boa constrictor kwehlukile. U-Anaconda uyadla zonke izilwane ezincane ezingabanjwa. Kudliwa izinhlanzi, amagundane amancane, izinyoni zasemanzini, izibankwa nezimfudu.
Isisu senyoka sikucubungula kahle konke lokhu ngosizo lwama-asidi aqine kakhulu, ngisho negobolondo namathambo ezimfudu akuyona into engadliwa. Vele, inyamazane encane ayisona isizathu sokusebenzisa amasongo anamandla emisipha, kepha ukusetshenziswa kwezilwane ezinkulu (futhi inhlwathi ayizideleli izinqama, izinja, izinyamazane ezincane) akuyona into emnandi.
Okokuqala, inyoka ilinda inyamazane yayo isikhathi eside, icashe phakathi kwamahlathi asogwini, bese kulandela ijezi elibukhali, bese kuthi amasongo aboshwe azungeze lo muntu ohluphekayo, ocindezela umzimba wesisulu ngamandla amakhulu.
I-Anaconda ayephuli, ayichobozi amathambo, njengoba kwenza ezinye izinkomo, iyakhama isisulu ukuze umoya-mpilo ungangeni emaphashini futhi isisulu sife ngenxa yokucinana. Le nyoka ayinazinyo, ngakho-ke ayidabuli noma ihlafune ukudla.
Kusukela ekhanda, inhlwathi iqala ukugwinya isisulu. Umlomo waso obonakala usayizi ophakathi nendawo welulelwe osayizi obudingekayo ukuze kudluliswe isidumbu. Kulokhu, ipharynx nayo yeluliwe. Bangu isithombe se-anaconda, ekhombisa ukuthi inyoka igwinya kanjani inyamazane encane.
Yize, ngokusho kochwepheshe, kunecala elilodwa kuphela lokuhlaselwa kwenhlwathi kumuntu, le nyoka izimise ngokuqinile esigabeni sezilwane eziyingozi. By the way, inhlwathi ayinqeni ukuthi ilume nabantu besizwe sayo. Ngakho-ke, e-zoo, inhlwathi yamamitha ayi-2,5 ingene kwimenyu yakhe.
Ngesikhathi sokungeniswa kwesisulu, inhlwathi iba sengozini enkulu. Lokhu kuyaqondakala - wonke amandla akhe angena ekuphusha ukudla ngaphakathi, ikhanda lakhe limatasa, futhi ngeke ukwazi ukushibilika ucezu olukhulu emlonyeni wakhe ngejubane lombani. Kodwa ngemuva kokudla inyoka "inemvelo enhle". Lokhu kulula ukukuchaza - udinga isikhathi sokugaya ukudla ngokuthula.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi sokuphila endle asimiswanga ngokunembile ososayensi, kepha ekuthunjweni inhlwathi ayiphili isikhathi eside, kuphela iminyaka engu-5-6. Kodwa-ke, lesi sibalo naso asilona iqiniso, ngoba kwakukhona inyoka eyayihlala ekuthunjweni iminyaka engama-28. I-Anaconda ayilingani nenyoka edinga ukuhlala emhlambini. Njengezinye izidalwa ezinkulu, uhlala futhi azingele yedwa.
Kodwa-ke, entwasahlobo (Ephreli - Meyi), lapho kuqala isikhathi semvula e-Amazon, lezi zinyoka zihlangana ngamaqembu - isikhathi sokukhwelana siqala kuma-anacondas. Ukuze "umkhwenyana" angazulazuli isikhathi eside uma ecinga, "umakoti" ushiya umkhondo phansi, okuthe ngalesi sikhathi unikezwe ngomusa ngento enephunga - i-pheromone.
Kule ndlela, insikazi ayitholi eyodwa, kodwa iduna abambalwa ngasikhathi sinye. Kodwa-ke, akuyona inkambiso ukuhlela ubuhle nobesilisa bezinhlwathi. Lapha futhi, onamandla kakhulu uzoba nguyise wenzalo, kepha izinyoka ezihlakaniphile zikhetha efaneleke kakhulu ngenye indlela.
Bonke abesilisa abathola insikazi ngephunga, iwele eliseduze komzimba wakhe nemidlalo yothando iyaqala, egcina isikhathi esiyinyanga eyodwa nohhafu. Sonke lesi sikhathi, abesilisa abakwazi ukudla, ukuzingela, ukuphumula - ukuqomisana kuthatha sonke isikhathi sabo, namandla. Kepha ngemuva kokukhwelana, i-tangle iyahlakazeka yodwa, futhi "abathandi" bakhasa ngezindlela ezihlukile.
Abesilisa bathatha umhlalaphansi ngebhizinisi labo, kuthi owesifazane aqale isikhathi esinzima sokukhulelwa. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga ezingu-6-7. Sonke lesi sikhathi, owesifazane akazingeli noma ondle, ngoba usengozini enkulu ngesikhathi sokudla. Ngakho-ke, inhlwathi incipha kakhulu, ngoba lesi simo siyacindezela.
Kepha inzalo, noma kunjalo, izalwa ngokuphepha. Izinyoka zezinyoka zizalwa zisukela ku-30 kuye ku-42, zonke zizalwa bukhoma. Yize kunjalo, inhlwathi iyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda. Amantshontsho azalwa engaphezudlwana nje kwesigamu semitha ubude, kepha kufanele ukuthi vele akhathazeke ngokudla kwawo.
Ngemuva kokubeletha, umama, owayelambile isigamu sonyaka, uya kozingela. Vele, omama bezinhlwathi bakude kakhulu nabanamahloni kakhulu, akabondli, akababavikeli ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye, akabaniki isidleke. Izinyoka ezincane zinikezwe wonke amakhono okusinda kusukela ekuzalweni. Zibhukuda ngokugqamile, zingazifihla ngekhono, futhi zihambe ngobunyoninco engozini encane.
Futhi banezingozi eziningi. Emhlabeni wezilwane, konke kuhlelwe ngokwemvelo, uma inhlwathi endala ingenazitha futhi idla ama-caimans, izinyoni namakati amancanyana asendle angajeziswa, khona-ke wona lawo makati kanye nama-caimans manje azingela amawundlu e-anaconda.
Ngakho-ke, kuyo yonke inzalo, kuphela izinyoka ezisheshayo, ezisheshayo futhi ezinamandla kakhulu ezihlala ziphila, eziphenduka izinyoka ezinamandla emhlabeni, isitha sazo esingumuntu kuphela.
