Kuyafaneleka ukuzwa igama elithi "inyamazane" - futhi ngaso leso sikhathi kwavela isilwane esihle kakhulu futhi ngasikhathi sinye esinemilenze emincane, nekhanda eliphakeme kakhulu lohlaka oluhloniphekile, elithweswe umqhele ngezimpondo ezinkulu. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi lezi zilwane eziqhoshayo zibhekwa njengezimpawu zesibindi nokuhlonishwa ku-heraldry, futhi izithombe zazo zihlobisa amajazi ezikhali zamadolobha amaningi anamuhla omhlaba.
Incazelo yezinyamazane
Izinyamazane zingaphansi kohlelo lwama-artiodactyls, nawo, afaka phakathi amakamela, izimvubu, izinkunzi, izingulube zasendle kanye nezinyamazane.... Izinyamazane zokuqala zavela e-Asia ngesikhathi se-Oligocene futhi zabe sezizinze emhlabeni wonke. Ngenxa yokuzivumelanisa nezimo zabo, bakwazile ukuqonda izindawo ezahlukahlukene zezulu - kusuka e-arctic tundra kuya ezingwadule ezishisayo.
Ukubukeka
Phakathi kwezinyamazane zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, kukhona izilwane, ubukhulu bazo obusukela ku-35 kuye ku-233 cm ekubuneni, kanti ubude bomzimba wazo, kuya ngohlobo, kusuka ku-90 kuye ku-310 cm. Futhi isisindo somzimba walezi zilwane singaba kusuka ku-7 kuye ku-825 kg. Izici eziyinhloko zangaphandle ezihlanganisa zonke izinyamazane emndenini owodwa wezinyamazane ukuma okuhle, ukwakheka komzimba okulinganayo, intamo evulekile nenhloko emise okwekhanda enesimo esihle. Esinye isici esihlanganisa cishe zonke izilwane zalo mndeni ukuba khona kwezimpondo kwabesilisa. Amehlo eningi lezinyamazane makhulu futhi axegekile, ayashicilelwa anezinkophe ezinde, "zezinyamazane", ezinikeza ukubukeka kwalezi zilwane ukuthamba nokuzwakalisa.
Kodwa imilenze ikude nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinyamazane zinde: kwezinye zazo, kunalokho, zimfushane kakhulu. Kepha bonke abamele lo mndeni babonakala ngemisipha emihle yezitho neminwe ebekwe ezinhlangothini, kanye nokuba khona kwendlala ekhethekile phakathi kwabo, ngosizo lwenyamazane eshiya izimpawu. Imisila yezinhlobo eziningi ifushane kakhulu, ukuze ingabonakali kunoma iyiphi indawo.
Isici esivelele cishe kuzo zonke izinyamazane izimpondo zazo. Kuliqiniso, ezinhlotsheni eziningi, zingabesilisa kuphela. Futhi ama-reindeer kuphela anezinsikazi ezinezimpondo, yize izimpondo zazo zincane kakhulu ngosayizi. Izimpondo aziba isikhali esesabekayo ngokushesha. Ekuqaleni, ngemuva kokuqhuma kwekhanda lesilwane, zimelela ukwakheka kwesifo, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zigcwala izicubu zethambo bese ziqina. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinga lokukhula kwezimpondo nokuthi zizoba ngosayizi onjani futhi azixhomekile ohlotsheni lwenyamazane kuphela, kodwa futhi nakudla hlobo luni lokudla.
Kuyathakazelisa! Akuzona zonke izinhlobo zezinyamazane ezingaziqhayisa ngezimpondo ezinamagatsha. Izinyamazane zamanzi azinazo izimpondo noma ezinsikazi noma nakwabesilisa. Lokhu kungukuphela kohlobo lwezilwane ezingenazimpondo zalo mndeni.
Iningi lezinyamazane ezihlala ezindaweni ezibandayo nezipholile zichitha izimpondo zazo minyaka yonke, emva kwalokho zikhulisa ezintsha - ezinamagatsha amaningi futhi zikanokusho. Kepha izinhlobo zalezi zilwane ezihlala endaweni efudumele azikaze zihlukane nezabo. Ijazi lazo zonke izinyamazane liminyene futhi liminyene, linengqimba yomoya emaphakathi ethuthukile futhi imboza cishe wonke umzimba wesilwane. Ngisho nezimpondo zezinhlobo eziningi zezinyamazane zimbozwe isikhumba, nezinwele ezimfushane kakhulu, ezinama-velvet zikhula kuzo. Ebusika, izinwele zezinyamazane ziba zinde futhi ziqine, okwenza kube lula ukuthi izilwane zikwazi ukubekezelela amakhaza.
Iningi lezinyamazane linezinwele ezimfishane, futhi umbala woboya bazo ubomvu ngokunsundu ngokubomvu noma ubomvu ngesihlabathi ngemibala ehlukahlukene. Kodwa iningi lezinhlobo zazo zinemaki ekhanyayo ngemuva kwempunga e-tawny noma nsundu ngokujwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, izinyamazane eziningi zinokubuthaka okubonakalayo kombala ngemuva kwamathanga, kwakheke indawo ekhanyayo ebizwa ngokuthi "isibuko". Futhi isikhumba sezinyamazane ezinamabala, ngokuhambisana negama laso, sinamachashaza amhlophe amancanyana omumo oyindilinga, afana nokukhanya kwelanga ukude.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezinyamazane, kuzalwa kuphela kuze kufike eminyakeni ethile yobudala, kuyilapho izilwane ezindala zinombala owodwa ngokukhanya okuthile ezingxenyeni ezithile zomzimba.
Ukuziphatha nendlela yokuphila
Iningi lezinyamazane ezihlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ziyimizulane... Ehlobo, badla ama-glades asehlathini, amila ngotshani, lapho lezi zilwane zithanda ukuphumula khona, kanti ngenkathi ebandayo ziya emahlathini, ngoba kulula ukuthola izindawo lapho ezingamboziwe kakhulu iqhwa, okwenza kube lula ukuthola ukudla futhi ikuvumela ukuthi unyakaze ngokushesha uma kwenzeka kwenzeka ukuphoqelelwa ukubaleka ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.
Ngokuphikisana nokwasungulwa ekubhaleni umbono wezinyamazane njengesilwane esinesibindi, iningi lazo linomlingiswa onamahloni. Izinyamazane azivumeli ukusondela kakhulu kuzo, futhi umsindo obukhali futhi omkhulu uyakwazi ukuthumela umhlambi omkhulu ukuba ubaleke. Futhi, phakathi kwabamele umndeni wezinyamazane, kuvame ukutholakala izilwane ezinokwesaba nezinolaka. Ngisho naphakathi kwezinyamazane esezikhulile, imidlalo ejwayelekile yezilwane ezisencane ayifani nokuzijabulisa okungenacala kwamazinyane, kodwa ukulwa kwangempela.
Kodwa-ke, yize beqhula futhi benolaka olubhekiswe ezimbangini, abesilisa abadala, ngisho nangezimpi ezinkulu kakhulu, akuvamile ukuthi balimale kanzima. Imvamisa, lolu daba luba nomkhawulo wokushayisana kwezimpondo "ikhanda nhloko", noma ukufana komdlalo wesibhakela, lapho zombili izinyamazane zesilisa, zime ngemilenze yazo yangemuva, zishayana ngezinselo zazo zangaphambili.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kepha izinyamazane, ngokungafani nabesilisa, zingakhombisa isibindi impela uma kukhulunywa ngokuvikela inzalo yazo ezitheni. Insikazi ngaphandle kokungabaza isikhathi eside izogadla kunoma yisiphi isilwane esidlayo esiyisa ekhanda layo ukuhlasela ithole laso.
Lowo wezilwane ezisabekayo ziyamesaba impela futhi zimbalekela ngubani indoda. Ngisho nalo uqobo iphunga labantu elivela eduze komhlambi lingatatazelisa zonke izilwane, ezizoshesha ngokushesha ukushiya idlelo futhi ziye kwenye, indawo ephephile. Futhi uma umuntu ephumelela ekubambeni inkuzi, umama wakhe akazami nokuzama ukuhlenga izinyane lakhe enkingeni: uzoma nje kude abuke, kepha akasoze aphazamise.
Njengomthetho, izinyamazane zihlala emihlambini emincane, efaka kusuka kwabangu-3 kuye kwabayisithupha nangaphezulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, kunikezwa insimu ehlukile eqenjini ngalinye lezilwane, elizivikela ngenkuthalo ekuhlaselweni kwabantu ezingabazi. Ukuze umake imingcele yezinto zabo, izinyamazane zimaka izindawo ezinezindlala ezikhethekile eziphakathi kwezinzwane ezinyaweni zazo. Uma izilwane ezivela kweminye imihlambi zizulazula ngephutha endaweni yazo, khona-ke abantu abangabazi bazoxoshwa ngokushesha.
Izilwane ezihlala ezintabeni, lapho kuqala isimo sezulu esibandayo, zehla eziqhingini eziphakeme nasehlathini eliphansi le-alpine: ziye kulezo zindawo lapho kuneqhwa elincane futhi lapho kulula khona ukuthola ukudla. Ngasikhathi sinye, abesifazane abanamantshontsho baba ngabokuqala ukufika ezindaweni zobusika, kanti abesilisa, imvamisa, bajoyina kamuva. Ngenxa yokuthi endaweni yazo yemvelo, izinyamazane zinezitha eziningi ezizizingelayo, lezi zilwane zifunde ukugijima ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, inyamazane ebomvu ebalekela iphakethe lezimpisi ikwazi ukufinyelela ngejubane elifinyelela ku-50-55 km / h.
Ihlala isikhathi esingakanani inyamazane
Endaweni yazo yemvelo, izinyamazane ziphila kuze kube yiminyaka engamashumi amabili, ngenkathi zisekuthunjweni zingaphila eminye iminyaka eyishumi... Kuyiqiniso, endle, akuzona zonke lezi zilwane ezikwaziyo ukuphila iminyaka ehloniphekile, ngoba izinyamazane zinezitha eziningi ezinciphisa kakhulu inani lazo futhi zivimbele iningi lazo ukuba ligcine seligugile. Ikakhulukazi kusuka kuzipho namazinyo ezidliwayo, amawundlu amancane nezinyamazane ezincane, esevele esekhulile, kepha angenalwazi futhi angakwazi ukuzivikela, kanye nezilwane ezigulayo nezibuthakathaka, zifa ngezinzipho namazinyo ezilwane ezidlayo.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
I-dimorphism yezocansi ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezinyamazane, njengomthetho, ibizwa: abesifazane bancane kakhulu futhi banomusa omkhulu kumthethosisekelo kunabesilisa, ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe zonke izinyamazane, ngaphandle kwabamele izinhlobo zezinyamazane, abanazo izimpondo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Noma kungenjalo kaningi, kepha phakathi kwezinyamazane kukhona abesilisa abangenazimpondo. Ososayensi abakwazi ukusho ngokuqinisekile ukuthi kungani abantu abanjalo bezalwa, kepha kukhona iziphakamiso zokuthi lokhu kungenzeka kungenxa yenguquko emkhakheni wamahomoni ezilwaneni ezisencane ezithathwe zomndeni wezinyamazane.
Umehluko ku-elk ne-roe
Ngaphandle kokufana kwangaphandle kwezinyamazane nezinyamazane, lezi zilwane zinokuhlukahluka okuningi.
Ngakho-ke, i-elk yehlukile kwinyamazane, okokuqala, kuzici ezilandelayo:
- Imilenze emide kakhulu futhi emincane, eqhathanisa kakhulu nomzimba omkhulu kakhulu kunowezinyamazane.
- Ukuma okumile kwe-Hump kuyabuna.
- Ikhanda elikhulu eline-hump-nosed alibukhali kahle ohlakeni.
- Udebe lwasenyameni olungenamzimba ludlula kancane udebe olungezansi.
- Isikhumba esikhulayo ngaphansi komphimbo, esibizwa ngokuthi "icici."
- Izinselo ezikhonjwe emilenzeni yangaphambili.
- Eziduna zinezimpondo ezinkulu, ezisakazekayo, ezifana negeja elime, yingakho i-moose ivame ukubizwa nge-elk.
- Ijazi elihhadlile elinokuthungwa okuhluke kakhulu kwinyamazane ethambile futhi evelayo.
- Ngokungafani nezinyamazane ezinamahloni, i-elk ayihlukile ngemvelo enamahloni. Lesi yisilwane esizolile futhi esizethembayo esingangeni ekuxovaneni ngomsindo owodwa nje omkhulu.
- Ama-Elks akhetha ukuhlala yedwa noma abantu abangu-3-4. Azenzi umhlambi njengoba kwenza izinyamazane. Njengomthetho, i-moose ingadala uhlobo oluthile lwemihlambi yamakhanda ama-5-8 ehlobo noma ebusika, lapho abesilisa nabesifazane abangashadile bejoyina insikazi ngamazinyane. Imihlambi enjalo iyahlakazeka ngokufika kwentwasahlobo.
- I-monogamy: i-moose ivame ukuhlala ithembekile kumlingani ofanayo impilo yonke, ngokungafani nabanye abaningi abamele umndeni wezinyamazane.
Kepha uyini umehluko phakathi kwezinyamazane nezinyamazane, ezifana kakhulu nokubukeka kwazo:
- I-dimorphism yezocansi ebonakaliswe buthakathaka: abesifazane bancane kancane kunabesilisa, ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye babo banezimpondo, noma kwesinye isikhathi zinesimo esingajwayelekile.
- Ukukhula kwezimpondo kucishe kume mpo futhi, ngokungafani nezinye izinyamazane, izimpondo zezinyamazane ezinezimpongo zineziphetho ezicijile.
- Inhloko yenyamazane yenyamazane inkulu, ifushanisiwe futhi inesimo esihle kunaleyo yenyamazane.
- Ehlobo, izinyamazane ze-roe zikhetha ukuhola impilo yodwa noma yomndeni, kepha ebusika zakha imihlambi yamakhanda ayi-10-15, kuyilapho izinyamazane zihlala zigcwele ngamaqembu ezilwane ezi-3-6 noma ngaphezulu.
- Izinsikazi zeRoe deer yizona zodwa kuzo zonke izidumbu ezingakwazi ukubambezela ukukhulelwa ngezinyanga eziyi-4-4.5 ukuze zizale izingane ngesikhathi esihle kakhulu sonyaka.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izinyamazane ze-Roe, njengezinyamazane ezincane, zinemibala enamabala, eziyifihla ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye ehlathini.
Izinhlobo zezinyamazane
Umndeni wezinyamazane uhlanganisa imikhaya emithathu (inyamazane yamanzi, izinyamazane zangempela nezinyamazane zeNew World), okubandakanya imikhakha yesimanje eyi-19 nezinhlobo ezingama-51. Uma sikhuluma ngomndeni omncane wezinyamazane zangempela.
Ngokuya ngohlobo lokuqala lokuhlukaniswa, ngokususelwa ekuqhathanisweni kwezici zangaphandle nezokwakheka, izinhlobo ezilandelayo zalezi zilwane ezinhle zingezakho:
- Izinyamazane ezinobuso obumhlophe.
- Izinyamazane ze-sika zasePhilippines.
- Barasinga.
- Izinyamazane ezibomvu, ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinhlobo, nazo, zihlukaniswe zaba izinhlobo ezingaphansi ezifana neBukhara deer, wapiti, maral, izinyamazane ezibomvu nezinye.
- I-Deer-lyre.
- I-Filipino Zambar.
- Izinyamazane ezidwebile.
- I-sambar ene-maned.
- I-sambar yaseNdiya.
Izinyamazane zikaSchomburg, manje esezibhekwa njengezingasekho ngo-1938, nazo zazingezomndeni omncane wezinyamazane zangempela.... Kodwa-ke, ezinye izazi zezilwane zikholelwa ukuthi lolu hlobo alukapheli ngokuphelele nokuthi abokugcina balo abasaphila endaweni ethile enkabeni yeThailand.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngokwesinye isigaba, ngokususelwa ekutadisheni kofuzo lwezilwane, zinhlobo ezimbili kuphela ezingezinyamazane zangempela: izinyamazane ezibomvu nezinyamazane ze-sika. Kulokhu, owokuqala wabo uhlukaniswe waba yi-18, kwathi owesibili wahlukaniswa waba yi-16 subspecies, kanti izinhlobo ezisele zihlukaniswa zaba izizukulwane ezihlukene ezisondelene.
Indawo yokuhlala
Izinyamazane sezizinze emhlabeni wonke, ngakho-ke abameleli bezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zomndeni wezinyamazane bangatholakala ngokoqobo kuyo yonke indawo, ngaphandle kokuthi mhlawumbe ngaphandle kweziqhingi ezincane ezishisayo (futhi ezinye zazo zilethwe ngabantu), kanye nezindawo ezineqhwa zase-Arctic nase-Antarctic.
Lezi zilwane azithobeki ngokuphelele ezimeni zokuphila, zizizwa zikhululekile ethafeni nasezintabeni, esimweni sezulu esimanzi nasendaweni eyomile. Bangakwazi ukuhlala ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi, i-tundra kanye ne-alpine meadows. Kodwa-ke, indawo yokuhlala yezinyamazane eyintandokazi ivulekile futhi, kaningi, amahlathi e-coniferous, lapho kunokudla okwanele kwezitshalo namanzi nalapho kukhona izimfunda ezinomthunzi lapho lezi zilwane zithanda ukudlisa khona nalapho ziphumula khona ntambama.
Ukudla kwezinyamazane
Njengazo zonke izilwane ezidla imifino, izinyamazane zidla ukudla kwezitshalo. Ukudla kwabo kususelwa otshanini obusha, kanye nemidumba nezinhlamvu. Ebusika, izinyamazane ezihlala ezindaweni ezipholile zikhipha eqhweni amaqabunga awile ekwindla, kanye nama-acorn, asebenza njengosizo olukhulu ekudleni kwawo okuvamile ebusika, okubandakanya ikakhulukazi amagxolo ezihlahla nezihlahlana. Izilwane ezihlala emahlathini e-coniferous nazo zingadla izinaliti zikaphayini nezesi-spruce ebusika. Lapho benethuba elinjalo, izinyamazane zidla amajikijolo, izithelo, ama-chestnut, amantongomane nembewu yezitshalo ezahlukahlukene. Futhi abenqabi amakhowe, ubulembu nobulembu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukugcwalisa ukulethwa kwamaminerali emzimbeni nokugcina ibhalansi kasawoti wamanzi, abamele uhlobo lwenyamazane bakhotha amakristalu kasawoti ezikhothweni zikasawoti, futhi baququda nomhlaba ofakwe usawoti wamaminerali.
Ngesikhathi esishisayo, izinyamazane zizama ukudla emadlelweni asehlathini kuphela ekuseni nakusihlwa, kuthi lapho kuqala ukushisa emini, zingene ehlathini, lapho zilele khona emthunzini wezihlahla nezihlahlana kuze kufike ukushisa. Ebusika, lapho kunokudla okuncane, izilwane zidla usuku lonke ukuze ngandlela thile zigcwalise ukunikezwa kwamandla nezakhamzimba emzimbeni.
Ukuzala nenzalo
I-Reindeer rut yenzeka ekwindla futhi iqala cishe ngoSepthemba kuya kuNovemba. Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-harems adalwa, aqukethe owesilisa oyedwa futhi kusuka kwabesifazane ababili kuya kwabangamashumi amabili. Ivikela izidleke zayo, le nyamazane ikhipha ukuduma kwecilongo, okusakazeka kude le ndawo.
Ngesikhathi sokulwa, izimpi zivame ukwenzeka phakathi kwezinyamazane zesilisa, lapho izimbangi, zishayisana nezimpondo, zithola ukuthi iyiphi yazo enamandla futhi efanelekile ukuqhubeka nomjaho wayo. Ukulwa phakathi kwezinyamazane akuvamile ukuba kuphele lapho kulinyazwa kabi emzimbeni, kepha kwenzeka ukuthi abesilisa baphule izimpondo zabo ngale ndlela noma, bezihlanganisa, abakwazi ukuzikhulula futhi ngenxa yalokhu babulawa indlala.
Kuyathakazelisa! Yize kunjalo, kepha phakathi kwezinyamazane zesilisa kukhona abantu abangenazimpondo. Abahlanganyeli empini nezimbangi zabo, ngoba abanalutho abangalwa nalo, kodwa, bezenza okwabesifazane, bazama ukukhohlisa emhlambini womunye umuntu futhi bahlangane nomunye wezinyamazane ngenkathi "umnikazi" wabesifazane ethola ubudlelwano nezimpondo zakhe ezilinganayo njengaye, izimbangi.
Ukukhulelwa kweReindeer kuhlala cishe izinyanga eziyi-8.5, izinyane lizalwa ngenkathi efudumele: kusuka maphakathi noMeyi kuya maphakathi noJulayi. Owesifazane uletha inyamazane eyodwa, engavamile kaningi, enombala ohlukahlukanayo obasiza ukuba bacashe ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye phakathi kwamagatsha aphikisanayo futhi okokuqala ngqa ukuvikela kwabo... I-reindeer isuthisa amawundlu ayo ngobisi isikhathi eside, kwesinye isikhathi unyaka wonke, yize kusukela ennyangeni ubudala amawundlu aqala ukuzondla ngokwawo, adla utshani namanye amadlelo.
Cishe unyaka owodwa ubudala, abesilisa abancane baqala ukukhula izimpondo, njengoba kufakazelwa ukuvela kwamaqhuqhuva emabunzini abo. Izimpondo zokuqala ezingenazo izilinganiso zizokhishwa yinyamazane ngemuva kokuqala kwentwasahlobo. Unyaka ngamunye olandelayo, izimpondo zizoba namandla amakhulu futhi ziqine, futhi nenombolo yezinqubo zazo izokhula kancane kancane. Izinyamazane ezincane zivuthwa ngokwehlukile kuye ngobulili. Izinyamazane zezinsikazi zifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ezinyangeni eziyi-14-16, kuthi kwabesilisa kuza kamuva - eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu.
Izitha zemvelo
Izitha eziyingozi kakhulu zezinyamazane ziyizimpisi, kodwa ngaphandle kwazo, ezinye izidalwa ezinjengama-lynx, amahlosi, izingwe, ama-wolverine namabhere, nazo ngeke ziyenqabe inyamazane. Futhi eNew World, esinye sezitha eziyingozi kakhulu zezinyamazane ama-coyotes nama-cougars.
Njengomthetho, izinyamazane ezincane, kanye nezilwane ezigulayo, ezibuthakathaka, ezixegayo noma ezigulayo, ziyizisulu zezilwane ezidla ezinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma izinyamazane zilwela amawundlu nezilwane, zingasindisi izimpilo zazo, khona-ke abantu abagulayo, abalimele, ababuthakathaka noma asebekhulile kakhulu bazonikelwa ezilwaneni ezidliwayo ngumhlambi wonke ngaphandle kokuphikiswa, futhi ayikho enye inyamazane engacabanga ngisho nokuyikhulumela.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ngaphandle kokuthi izinyamazane zijwayela kalula kunoma yiziphi izimo zokuphila futhi manje sezixazululwe cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba, ezinye izinhlobo zazo zisengcupheni yokuqothulwa noma zingezinhlobo ezisengozini:
- Kusengozini: i-deer lyre, abantu basePhilippines babonwa.
- Izinhlobo ezisengozini: izinyamazane ezinobuso obumhlophe, i-barasinga, isiPhilippines, i-maned ne-sambara yaseNdiya.
Ngasikhathi sinye, izinyamazane ezibomvu nezinyamazane ze-sika ziphakathi kwezinhlobo ezingakhathazeki kangako. Inani labo labantu liyachuma, futhi indawo abahlala kuyo icishe icishe umhlaba wonke. Kunzima kakhulu ukubala ngisho nenombolo yazo esondele. Noma kunjalo, kungaphikiswana ngesizathu esihle sokuthi lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezinyamazane azisongelwa ngokuqothulwa.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngokuqondene nokungajwayelekile, futhi ikakhulukazi, izinhlobo zezinyamazane ezisengcupheni yokuncipha, ukwehla kwenani lazo ikakhulu kungenxa yokuthi cishe zonke zazo ziyizilwane ezihlala endaweni enqunyelwe ngokweqile, njengokuthi, isibonelo, iziqhingi eziningana ezilahlekile olwandle. ...
Kulokhu, noma ukuwohloka okuncane kwezimo zokuhlala noma noma yini engathandeki yemvelo noma isici se-anthropogenic kungasongela hhayi kuphela inhlalakahle yabantu, kodwa futhi nokuba khona kwalokhu noma lezo zinhlobo zezinyamazane ezingavamile.
Inani lokuhweba
Ngisho nasendulo, abantu babezingela izinyamazane, lapho, ngaphezu kwenyama emnandi, babekhangwa futhi izikhumba nemithambo esetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwezingubo zokuhlala. Kusukela eNkathini Ephakathi kuze kube sekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ukuzingelwa kwezinyamazane kwanda kakhulu. Abantu abanomqhele nezicukuthwane bagcinwe enkonzweni ezinkantolo zabo nasezigodini iningi labagcini bemidlalo nabazingeli ababambe iqhaza ekuhleleni lolu hlobo lokuzijabulisa.... Njengamanje, ukuzingelwa kwezinyamazane akuvunyelwe yonke indawo hhayi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka, njengoba kwakunjalo ngaphambili.
Noma kunjalo, ukuzalanisa izinyamazane ekuthunjweni, emapulazini akhethekile ezinyamazane, kusavumela ukuthola izinyamazane ezisezingeni eliphakeme, ezisabhekwa njengezinye zezinhlobo zomdlalo omnandi kakhulu. Kodwa ama-reindeer awabalulekile nje kuphela ngenyama yawo emnandi. Izimpondo zenyamazane, ezingakabi naso isikhathi sokukhulisa, kungenjalo zibizwa ngokuthi izimpondo, nazo zibaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yemithi yazo yokwelapha. Ngale njongo, bazalelwa emapulazini akhethekile, kanti izimpondo zitholakala ngaphandle kokubulala izilwane kuqala, ngokumane uzinqume amakhanda ezinyamazane eziphilayo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kwezinye izizwe, igazi lezinyamazane nalo libhekwa njengomuthi. Ngakho-ke, phakathi kwama-shaman wabantu bomdabu base-Altai naseNyakatho, kubhekwa njengomuthi obaluleke kakhulu kunayo yonke imithi.
Ngisho nezimpondo zenyamazane zithola ukusetshenziswa kwazo: izikhumbuzo ezahlukahlukene zivame ukwenziwa ngazo. Muva nje, kube nesiko lokunikeza izimpondo zezinyamazane ezifuywayo njengamathoyizi. Sekuyisikhathi eside izinyamazane zibhekwa njengezimpawu zobuhle nomusa. Lezi zilwane, ezibonakala ngokwazi ukuzivumelanisa kalula nezimo zanoma yiziphi izimo zokuphila, manje sezizinze cishe emhlabeni wonke.
Abantu bayabazisa ngokubukeka kwabo okuhle okucwengisisiwe nangezinzuzo lezi zilwane ezinhle ezibalethela zona.... Izinhlobo eziningi zezinyamazane eziyivelakancane zibhalwe kuRed Book kanti inani labantu bazo libhekwe ngeso elibukhali. Ngithanda ukukholelwa ukuthi lezi zinyathelo azizosiza nje kuphela ukugcina zonke izinhlobo zezinhlobo zalezi zilwane ezihloniphekile, kodwa futhi nokwandisa inani lalezo zinhlobo zezinyamazane manje ezibhekwa njengezingavamile futhi ezisengozini.
