Izilwane zase-Urals zicebile futhi zihlukahlukene, kepha zimbalwa izinhlobo zezinyoka ezihlala lapho. Phakathi kwazo, kukhona kokubili ayinangozi kubantu futhi ezihuquzelayo anobuthi. Ngakho-ke, izivakashi, abavuni bamakhowe, abazingeli kanye nalabo nje abathanda ukuphuma baye emaphandleni kufanele bazi ukuthi iziphi izinyoka ezihlala e-Urals ezingaba yingozi nokuthi yini okufanele yenziwe uma uhlangana nazo.
Izinyoka ezinobuthi
Kuzinhlobo ezinobuthi bezinyoka ezise-Urals, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zomndeni wezinyoka. Lezi yizinyoka ezivamile nezizala, phakathi kwezihlobo zazo kunezinhlobo zezinhlobo eziyinqaba ezifana nama-bushmasters, amabhu, ama-rattlesnakes nezinyoka ezinganekwane ezihlala eSouth-Asia Asia.
Inyoka evamile
Le nyoka, esatshalaliswa ebangeni elikhulu engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-Eurasia, ayinkulu ngosayizi. Ubude bayo buqabukela budlula ama-70 cm, futhi isisindo sayo sisuka ku-50 kuye ku-180 amagremu. Abesilisa abakulezi zinhlobo zezinyoka ngokuvamile baba bancane kancane kunabesifazane.
Inhloko yenyoka ejwayelekile inesimo esingunxantathu. Ukhakhayi lucabalele ngenhla, isifonyo sifushane, siyindilinga kancane. Ama-engeli esikhashana abizwa kahle; anika ikhanda lenyoka ukwakheka kwalo.
Ingxenye engenhla yekhanda imbozwe izihlangu ezinkulu kakhulu. Phakathi kwabo, i-frontal kanye nama-parietal amabili ahluke ngobukhulu bawo. Ngaphezulu kwamehlo, inyoka ejwayelekile nayo inezihlangu, ezibizwa ngokuthi i-supraorbital, okuthi, njengabafundi abancane abame mpo, babukeke kabi.
Umzimba wenyoka evamile ubanzi ngokwengeziwe engxenyeni emaphakathi, kepha uncipha kakhulu ubheke emsileni, futhi umsila ngokwawo ugobile kancane ngohlobo lwekhoma.
Umzimba wenyoka kanye nekhanda ngemuva kumbozwe izikali zama-horny ezisemaphakathi zemvelaphi ye-epithelial.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kwabesilisa benyoka evamile, isikali sinombala ompunga nephethini ecacile emnyama noma emnyama, kanti kwabesifazane sinsundu, futhi iphethini kuso asibonakalisi kangako.
Ama-Vipers angaba yile mibala eyinhloko elandelayo:
- Okumnyama
- Okuphuzi-beige
- Okumhlophe okumhlophe
- Umnqumo onsundu
- Ubomvu wethusi
Umbala akafane ufane, imvamisa izinyoka zinamaphethini ahlukahlukene, imivimbo namabala. Iphethini yesici ongabona ngayo inyoka ejwayelekile iphethini emise amazombe noma emise okwedayimane engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba.
Atholakala emahlathini, ekuhlanzeni, eduze nemifula namachibi, emasimini, ezimfundeni, ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi. Ezintabeni, lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo zingaphakama ziye ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-2600. Babuye bahlala eduze nendawo yokuhlala abantu: emapaki asehlathini, emapulazini, ezingadini zemifino, ezakhiweni ezilahliwe. Kuyenzeka ukuthi izinyoka zingene zingene ezindlini ezingaphansi kwezindlu ezindlwaneni zasehlobo nasezindaweni zasemakhaya.
Entwasahlobo, izinyoka zikhasa ziye ezindaweni ezikhanyiswe kahle nezifudumele ilanga, njengamatshe amakhulu, izihlahla eziwile neziqu. Lapho kubhasikidi, lesi silwanyane sisakaza izimbambo zaso ezinhlangothini, yingakho umzimba waso usicaba.
Izinyoka azinandaba nabantu, kepha inqobo nje uma zingazami ukubalimaza. Inyoka ngeke ijahe kuqala, kepha uma kwenzeka kuba nosongo iyakwazi ukuzimela.
Inyoka evamile inezitha eziningi. Lezi yizilwane ezincelisayo ezifana nezimpungushe, ama-ferrets, ama-badgers nezingulube zasendle, kanye nezinyoni - izikhova, izindwandwe, nezinkozi ezidla izinyoka.
Inyoka uqobo lwayo idla kakhulu abanegazi elifudumele: amagundane, izishayo, izikele, izinyoni ezincane. Kodwa futhi angaba nokudla okulula ngexoxo noma isibankwa. Ezinyokeni ezivamile, noma kungenjalo kaningi, kukhona amacala okudla inyama, lapho owesifazane edla ngisho inzalo yakhe. Inyoka igcwalisa ukuphakelwa kwamanzi emzimbeni kusuka egazini nasezicutshini zezisulu zayo, kepha kwesinye isikhathi iphuza amaconsi omswakama ngesikhathi semvula noma amazolo. Ebusika, inyoka ejwayelekile iya ebusika futhi ngalesi sikhathi ayidli futhi ayiphuzi lutho.
Isikhathi sokuzalisa siwela ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, futhi ngalesi sikhathi ungahlangani hhayi kuphela ngababili balezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo, kodwa futhi ubone amabhola aphelele lapho kuhlanganiswe khona izinhlungu eziningana, inani lazo elingadlula abantu abayishumi.
Insikazi yenyoka ejwayelekile izala amaqanda, kepha esibelethweni sikanina kuphuma amawundlu kuwo, inyoka ewalalela cishe izinyanga ezintathu ngemuva kokukhwelana. Imvamisa, kuzalwa izinyoka eziyi-8-12, ubude bomzimba wazo obungu-16 cm.
Okubalulekile! Izinyoka ezisanda kuzalwa zingabonakala zingenabungozi, kepha sezivele zinoshevu futhi ziyakwazi ukuluma.
Isikhathi sokuqala ngemuva kokuzalwa, izinyoka azikhaseli kude, kepha lapho nje i-molt yazo yokuqala ivela ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuzalwa, zihamba ngokuzimela ziyofuna inyamazane.
Izinyoka ezivamile zihlala endle iminyaka eyi-12-15, kuma-terrariums ziphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20-30.
Inyoka yesitepe
Kuvela emaqeleni nasemathafeni asemahlathini ase-Eurasia. Indawo yokuhlala isukela eningizimu yeYurophu entshonalanga iye e-Altai naseDzungaria empumalanga.
Ngaphandle ifana nenyoka ejwayelekile, kepha incane ngosayizi (ubude bomzimba cishe bungu-50-60 cm). Umzimba wenyoka ye-steppe, uthambeke kancane kusuka ezinhlangothini, awunakho ukunwetshwa okubonakalayo engxenyeni emaphakathi. Imiphetho yesifonyo iphakanyiswe kancane phakathi nendawo, okwenza umugqa we-arched wesici womhlathi ongezansi. Ukuma kwekhanda lalenyoka kuyindilinga kakhulu kunaleyo yenyoka ejwayelekile.
Umbala unombala onsundu ngokumpunga, ngaphezu kwalokho, emuva kunemibala elula. Kukhona iphethini emnyama emnyama noma emnyama ye-zigzag eceleni komugqa we-ridge. Engxenyeni engenhla yekhanda nasemaceleni, kunamamaki amnyama ukwedlula isizinda esikhulu. Isisu sikhanya, sinesichashana esimpunga.
Lezi zinyoka zihlala emathafeni, ezintabeni, ogwadule olungenamuntu, emithambekeni egcwele ihlahla, ezihosheni. Ezintabeni, zitholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-2500-2700 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Entwasahlobo nasekwindla, bazingela ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sasemini, nasehlobo - ekuseni nakusihlwa.
Izinyoka ze-steppe zingaphezu kobusika ngaphansi komhlaba, kepha entwasahlobo, lapho zifika ngaphezulu, zithanda ukubamba amatshe emisebeni yelanga elipholile.
Izinyoka ze-steppe zivuka ekuseni kakhulu ngemuva kokulala ubusika: lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lifinyelela kuma-degree Celsius ayisikhombisa. Isikhathi sabo sokuzala siqala ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi. Futhi ekupheleni kwehlobo, owesifazane uzala ama-3-10 amawundlu, ubukhulu bawo obungu-13-16 cm. Bazolungela ukukhiqizwa kuphela ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila, ofinyelela usayizi ka-27-30 cm.
I-steppe viper izondla ngamagundane amancane, amatshwele ezinyoni ezincane ezidla phansi kanye nezibankwa.
Ingxenye enkulu yokudla kwezinyoka ezisencane zalesi silwane yakhiwe ngamathambo amakhulu, kufaka phakathi izinkumbi.
Izinyoka ezingenabuthi
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinyoka ezingenabuthi ezihlala e-Urals: lena yinyoka ejwayelekile nekhanda lethusi. Bobabili bangabomndeni owodwa womzimba omncane.
Okuvamile vele
Le nyoka ingafana nenyoka, yingakho nje ivamise ukudideka. Eqinisweni, akunzima ukuhlukanisa inyoka ebuswini benyoka: lezi zinyoka ezingenabungozi, noma kungezona zonke, zinokuphawulwa okuphuzi, okumhlophe noma okusawolintshi emakhanda azo.
Ubude bomzimba abudluli kumamitha ayi-1.5. Abesifazane bangaba bakhulu - kuze kufike kumamitha ayi-2.5-3. Umzimba umbozwe izikali, umbala wawo ngemuva uvame ukuba mpunga noma ube mnyama. Isisu asikhanyi, sipendwe ngomthunzi omhlophe ophuzi noma ompunga okhanyayo. Umdwebo ngaphezulu awukho nhlobo, ngaphandle kwesilinganiso esincane semithunzi esikalini ngasinye. Esiswini, kunamachashaza amachashazi anombala onsundu onombala onsundu.
Ikhanda lingunxantathu, liyisicaba ngaphezulu bese liyindilinga kancane ohlangothini lwesifonyo. Ingaphambili lekhanda limbozwe izihlangu ezinkulu, futhi ukusuka ngemuva kwekhanda kunesikhumba.
Okubalulekile! Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwenyoka nenyoka ukuma komfundi: enyokeni enobuthi imile mpo, kuthi ngenyoka engenabungozi iyindingiliza.
Ovamile usevele uhlala e-Eurasia kusuka emazweni aseNtshonalanga Yurophu kuye eBaikal naseningizimu yeMpumalanga Ekude. Ithanda ukuhlala phakathi kwamahlathi nezihlahla ezikhula osebeni lwamachibi namachibi. Ezintabeni, kwenzeka endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-2500. Izinyoka azesabi abantu futhi zivame ukuhlala eduze kwazo: ezakhiweni ezingakaqedwa, ezindaweni zokulahla udoti, ezindlini ezingaphansi kwezindlu nasezivandeni zemifino.
Lezi zinyoka zihlukaniswa yimvelo yazo enokuthula futhi azilokothi zihlasele umuntu uqobo. Esikhundleni salokho, lapho bebona abantu, bazozama ukukhasa bahambe ngangokunokwenzeka futhi bacashe. Uma sebevele becasukile futhi befuna ukumbamba, inyoka iqala ngokuhayiza, iphonse ikhanda layo phambili ukwethusa isitha. Uma lokhu kungasizi, uzama ukwenza umuntu abaleke, akhiphe uketshezi olujiyile ngephunga elibi nelingemnandi neze elivela kwizindlala ezikhethekile. Futhi uma lokhu kungasizi, khona-ke uzenza sengathi ufile: kukhulula yonke imisipha futhi kugijime ngokungaphili ezandleni zakhe.
Idla kakhulu izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini: onoshobishobi, izinyokazana, ama-newt, kodwa ubumnandi obuthandayo amaxoxo. Lezi zinyoka zingadla ngezikhathi ezithile nezinyoni ezincane, amagundane amancane noma izinambuzane.
Izinyoka ziyazala, imvamisa entwasahlobo, kepha kwesinye isikhathi zingaba ngamatshe ekwindla. Azinayo imicikilisho eyinkimbinkimbi yokuqomisana, futhi inani lamaqanda abekwe ngowesifazane izingcezu eziyi-8-30. Imvamisa, inyoka yesifazane ibeka inqwaba yamaqabunga omile, i-sawdust noma i-peat, esebenza njengezihlanganisi zemvelo. Zichanyuselwa ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1-2, ubude bomzimba wazo buba phakathi kwamasentimitha ayi-15 kuye kwangama-20. Zivele zikulungele ngokuphelele ukuphila ngokuzimela futhi ziyakwazi ukuzingela. Abesilisa bezinyoka bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi beneminyaka engaba mithathu, nabesifazane - abahlanu. Lezi zinyoka ziphila kuze kube yiminyaka engamashumi amabili.
IMedyanka
Ensimini yaseRussia, kufaka phakathi ama-Urals, i-copperhead evamile ihlala. Ubukhulu bomzimba wale nyoka bungu-50-60, kaningi kangako - amasentimitha angama-70. Izikali ezingemuva kwayo zidwetshiwe ngemithunzi e-grey, brownish yellow or red-red-copper. Isisu sivame ukuba nombala ompunga, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kwesinye isikhathi kuba nokufiphala, amamaki amnyama noma ama-specks kuso. Umbala wesisu se-copperhead ungahluka kusuka kokumpunga kuya kobomvu nsundu.
Ikhanda liyisiyingi kunonxantathu. Amehlo abomvu ngokubomvu noma aphuzi, umfundi uyindilinga.
Okubalulekile! ICopperhead ibonakala kalula njengoba lezi zinyoka zinomugqa omnyama omncane ogqamile osuka ekhoneni lamehlo uye emakhoneni esikhashana.
Ama-Copperheads ayasebenza emini, futhi lezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo zihlukaniswa ngokuhamba okunamandla. Zincamela ukuhlala ezindaweni ezivulekile, ezinjengemiphetho, ukuqedwa nokuqedwa kwamahlathi, futhi ezintabeni zingahlala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-3000. Ama-Copperheads akhetha imingxuma yamagundane nezilonda njengezindawo zokukhosela, kanye nezikhala ezakhiwe ngaphansi kwamatshe amakhulu nemifantu emadwaleni. Bangakhasa ngaphansi kwamagxolo ezihlahla eziwile.
Isikhathi sokuzalisa siqala ngoMeyi, ngenxa yokukhwelana ehlobo, kuzalwa amawundlu angu-2-15. Izinhloko zethusi ezincane zizalwa ngamagobolondo amaqanda amancane, kodwa ziwaphule ngemuva nje kokuzalwa bese ziqala impilo yazo yokuzimela. Bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokobulili eminyakeni engama-3-5 ubudala, futhi baphila cishe iminyaka eyi-12.
Izibankwa, amagundane amancane, izinyoni ezincane, izilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izinyoka ezincane zakha ukudla kwama-copperheads.
Uma uhlangane nenyoka
Ayikho inyoka eyodwa ezogxuma futhi ilume umuntu kuqala: lezi zilwane, uma zingaphishekeli inyamazane, zihlukaniswa ngesimo esinokuthula nokuzola.
Uma isilwane esihuquzelayo sihlasela abantu, kungenxa yokuzivikela kuphela. Lapho uhlangana nanoma iyiphi inyoka, awudingi ukuyibamba noma uzame ukuyijaha, uma isilwane esihuquzelayo uqobo sishesha ukufihla.
Ukuze ugweme ukuhlangana nalezi zilwane ezihuquzelayo, udinga ukuzama ukuhamba ezindaweni zendawo yazo ehlosiwe ukuze umsindo wezinyathelo uzwakale kahle. Kulokhu, udinga ukuthi uqaphele kakhulu futhi ubheke ngokucophelela ukuze unganyatheli inyoka ngephutha.
Izivakashi ngenkathi zihamba ngezinyawo e-Urals zingahlangabezana nenyoka ngesikhathi sokuma noma emzileni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezinye izikhathi izilwane ezinwabuzelayo zingena ematendeni nasezikhwameni zokulala.
Yini okufanele uyenze kuleli cala? Ungabangi umsindo noma wenze ukunyakaza okungazelelwe ukuze ungethuse inyoka. Uma ungamlimazi, khona-ke naye uqobo uzozama ukukhasa aphume etendeni ngokushesha okukhulu.
Uma ilunywa yinyoka
Iningi lokulunywa yizinyoka kungenxa yokunganaki noma ukunganaki komuntu. Kukhona nabantu okuthi lapho bebona inyoka, babambe amatshe noma induku, baqale ukumemeza kakhulu baphakamise izingalo zabo, ngakho konke ukubukeka kwabo kukhombisa inhloso yokubhekana nalesi silwane esihuquzelayo. Yini okusamele yenzelwe inyoka kuleli cala, uma kungenjalo ukuzivikela ngazo zonke izindlela?
Kepha, noma ngabe yini imbangela yokulunywa, isisulu sidinga ukunikezwa usizo lokuqala. Ungakwenza kanjani kahle?
- Ukuvimbela ukuthi ushevu ungasabalali uqhubeke emzimbeni, kufanele unyakaze kancane ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuhlinzeka isisulu ngokuthula. Uma isitho sonakele, kunconywa ukuthi usilungise ngesigaxa.
- Ibhandeshi elicindezelayo kufanele lisetshenziswe endaweni yokuluma. Ngaphambi kwalokho, isilonda uqobo kufanele siphathwe nge-antiseptic, ngaphandle kokuzama ukusigeza ngokujula ngokuphelele. Ngendlela, lokhu kufanele kwenziwe lapho inyoka engenabuthi iluma. Ngemuva kwakho konke, amazinyo esirhubuluzi akude nalutho futhi ukutheleleka kungangena kalula esilondeni.
- Uma inyoka ilume umlenze noma ingalo, konke okukuyo kumele kususwe kulowo mlenze olimele. Iqiniso ngukuthi ubuthi benyoka bubangela i-edema yezicubu futhi noma iziphi izinto ezikhama ingalo noma umlenze zingadala ukuphazamiseka kokujikeleza kwegazi.
- Kunconywa ukuphuza i-antihistamine, ngoba ubuthi benyoka obungene emzimbeni bungadala ukuhlaselwa ukungezwani komzimba ngokuzumayo.
- Ukuze ususe ubuthi emzimbeni ngokushesha okukhulu, udinga ukuphuza uketshezi oluningi ngangokunokwenzeka.
- Ngemuva kokunikeza usizo lokuqala, kubalulekile ukuhambisa isisulu esibhedlela ngokushesha okukhulu.
Okubalulekile! Akunasimo lapho kufanele uzame ukumunca ubuthi enxebeni, futhi uphinde ubusike uvuleke, uwuphuze, noma ufake i-tourniquet.
Futhi kwenqatshelwe ukuphuza utshwala lapho ulunywa yinyoka, okusheshisa kuphela futhi kukhulise umphumela wobuthi emzimbeni.
Izinyoka zase-Ural azibulali kubantu. Ngisho nokulunywa yizinyoka, uma kungenzeka ukufa, kuvela ezinkingeni kuphela, imbangela yazo evame ukunikezwa usizo lokuqala ngokungafanele.
Kungcono ukugwema ukuhlangana okungathandeki nezilwane ezihuquzelayo hhayi ukubashukumisela ukuba bahlasele. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi izinyoka, uma zingaphazanyiswa, ngeke zihlasele kuqala. Kwanele ukungabalimazi bese izinkinga ezihambisana nokulunywa kwazo zingagwenywa.
