I-algae yizitshalo ezisezingeni eliphansi, ezinesici sokuzihlanganisa nezingibe, futhi zihlala ngokukhululeka kukholamu lamanzi. Imibala, njengezinhlobo zezitshalo, yehlukile. Isizathu semvelo ye-multicolor yezitshalo ukuthi aqukethe i-chlorophyll nje kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinhlobonhlobo zombala wokubala. Ukubonakala kwe-algae nakho kungaba cishe noma yini: ukumbozwa ngohlobo lwamafinyila, ama-bryophytes, izitshalo ezinde ezinemicu, noma izinqubo ezinzima ezifana nebhulashi.
Ubulembu obubomvu: abahlali bezilwandle, izilwandle kanye nama-aquariums
Bambalwa kakhulu abamele lezi zinhlobo zezitshalo abaziwa ukuthi bahlala emanzini amasha, ngoba indawo yabo yemvelo ingamanzi anosawoti olwandle nolwandle. Esikhathini esiningi lezi yizitshalo ezibonakala ngobukhulu bazo, kepha kukhona nezincane kakhulu, ezibonakala kuphela kumcwaningi ohlomile. Phakathi kwalolu hlobo lwezimbali kukhona:
- unicellular;
- intambo;
- umabhebhana.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi "abodeveli" ababomvu ababhekwa njengomunye wabamele abadala kakhulu bezinhlobo ezisaphila kuze kube yilolu suku. Ukulimaza olunye ulwelwe kuzinikeza ithuba lokusinda, futhi akubalulekanga ngokuphelele ezitshalweni noma ngabe ulwelwe oluhlobene kakhulu lusetshenziswa njengomthombo wokuphila noma izinhlobo ezikude kakhulu.
Ngaphezulu kuka-500 genera, obomvu (elinye igama lolu hlobo lwesitshalo) ahlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: iBangia neFlorida kanye neziqeshana ezimbalwa. Isici sokusinda kwezitshalo sisemandleni abo wokwehla nokukhula ekujuleni okukhulu kunelinye ikilasi. Kusetshenziswa imisebe eluhlaza kanye nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka yokudla okunempilo nokuvuselela, okungena kukholamu lamanzi, izitshalo zikhula kahle futhi zikhule zibe ngosayizi abakhulu ngempela.
Izinhlobo:
- I-Bangiaceae wuhlobo lwe-algae ebomvu ehlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-24, ezihlanganisa izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingama-90. Le nombolo ifaka abamele i-filamentous, lamellar flora ngamaseli we-mononuclear. Umehluko walolu hlobo ubukhona be-chromatophore eyodwa ye-stellate ene-pyrenoid ngaphandle kokuxhuma kwe-pore.
- I-Florida - izinhlobo zezitshalo zezinhlobo ezahlukene zesakhiwo se-thallus. Kukhona bobabili abamele usayizi omncane kakhulu, oqukethe umugqa owodwa, kanye nabamele izicubu eziyinkimbinkimbi zezimbali. Ifomu langaphandle: i-filamentous, i-lamellar, i-stem-like, ene-hard thalli, enosawoti bamaminerali ahlukahlukene. Isigaba sifaka cishe izizukulwane ezingama-540, zihlukaniswe zaba yizinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-3700. Isici esiyinhloko ukukhula emanzini anosawoti, yingxenye encane kuphela yaseFlorida engaphila emachibini anamanzi angenasawoti, ikhubaze ezinye izitshalo.
Kuyathakazelisa! KumaFlorideas asetshenziselwa ukupheka ukukhiqiza izinto ze-gelatinous futhi angasetshenziswa kwezokwelapha.
- I-Phyllophora uhlobo oluthile lwe-algae olukhula luze lube ngama-50 cm futhi lune-lamellar thallus. Indawo yokuhlala kuyizilwandle ezibandayo neziphakathi nendawo. Isetshenziselwa ukucubungula nokuthola i-carrageenin.
- IGelidium - amadwala algae ansundu, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezingama-40. Izici ezihlukile: i-thallus eqinile yesakhiwo se-porous-branched, ukuphakama kuze kufike ku-25 cm. Indawo yokuhlala - imizimba yamanzi afudumele anosawoti.
Ubulembu obubomvu e-aquarium: buhle noma bubi?
Ama-aquariums wokuzilibazisa ayindawo ekahle yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo. Abanye babo bangena kwi-microenvelo ngamandla (ngokutshala), kanti abanye ngokwemvelo, bangena ngenhlanzi, izilwane noma izitshalo ezikhubaza. I-algae ebomvu ingeyohlobo lwakamuva. Ukuze kukhiqizwe kabusha, badinga ukukhanya, amanzi nokudla - okuchichima kuyo yonke i-aquarium, ngakho-ke noma yimuphi umfuyi wezinhlanzi ezifuywayo kufanele azi ukuthi yini okusongela ukubonakala kwalolu hlobo lwezitshalo ku-microcosm nokuthi kudingeka kangakanani ubukhona bezimila ezinjalo.
Uma ngabe i-ecosystem iphakeme futhi isebenza kahle, i-algae izozilawula ngokwayo ukukhula kwayo. Kepha ngokushesha nje lapho ibhalansi elilungile liphazamisekile, "ukuhlasela kwe-algal" kuyangena. Lesi yisiginali yokuqala ku-aquarist yokuthi kukhona ukwehluleka ohlelweni. Ukwephulwa komthetho kuhlobene nokwanda komanyolo ophilayo, ukukhanyisa okukhanyayo kakhulu noma ukungafani kahle kwenani lesikhutha. Inkinga ukuthi ukwanda kwezimbali kuvame ukucindezela isigaba esiphansi sezinto ezinomsoco - abavunyelwe nje ukukhula.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokulwa, kepha kungavela ubunzima: ulwelwe olubomvu yizinambuzane ezifanele. Izitshalo azidingi ukuthi "zilinde ngaphandle" isikhathi sokucindezelwa bese ziphinde zikhule futhi ekuhlulekeni okuncane kwe-ecosystem. Izimpukane ezibomvu ziyingozi ngokukhula ngokushesha nokuzala. Ikhono lokugcwalisa isikhala se-aquarium ngesikhathi esifushane ngokwedlulele liyamangalisa ngempela, ama-reds angakhula ngeziqu zezitshalo (ngisho nakuma-dummies epulasitiki), ama-rock ledges, amathiphu amaqabunga kanye nama-snag.
Ukuze unqobe ukoloni, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo. Lokhu kungenziwa ngenye yalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
- Susa i-aeration, bese ulungisa i- "sprinkler" endaweni yokuhlunga. Ngakho-ke izitshalo ngeke zisathola umsoco.
- Gcwalisa i-aquarium ngezilwane ezidla imifino.
- Hlanza inhlabathi kaningi, ushintshe kuze kufike ku-20% wamanzi (wevolumu ephelele ye-aquarium).
- Ukunciphisa amahora okukhanya kwemini kuzosiza ukuqeda uhlaza olweqile.
Lapho ukhetha izindlela zomzabalazo, kuzoba wusizo ukuphendukela kumakhemikhali athengiswa eminyangweni ekhethekile.
