Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo i-shiloklyuv
Ukotapeya (kusuka ku-Latin Recurvirostra avosetta) iyinyoni evela ku-oda le-Charadriiformes yomndeni we-stylobeak. Igama lesiLatini lalesi silwane lingahunyushwa ngokoqobo ngokuthi "uqhwaku olugobile kolunye uhlangothi."
Uqhwaku olubheke phezulu luhlukanisa le nhlobo yama-waders nezinye izinyoni, ubude bayo bungu-7-9 cm i-awl inezilinganiso Imizimba ingama-40-45 cm ubude, inamaphiko afinyelela kuma-80 cm nesisindo esingu-300-450 g.
Imilenze mide impela ngalesi silinganiso somzimba, ngombala o-mpunga noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala, ophela ngonyawo ngezinzwane ezine, phakathi kwazo kukhona ulwelwesi olukhulu olufana nedada.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lune-dimorphism yezocansi, okungukuthi, abesilisa bahlala bebakhulu kunabesifazane.
Umbala wezimpaphe walezi zinyoni umhlophe futhi umnyama: ingxenye enkulu yomzimba imbozwe izimpaphe ezimhlophe, imikhawulo yamaphiko, ichopho lomsila, ingxenye ephezulu yekhanda nentamo imnyama, kunabantu abanamabala amakhulu amnyama ezimpikweni nasemhlane.
Umbala onjalo wezimpaphe udala umuzwa wobukhali futhi ugcizelela ubuhle bale nyoni.
Ukotapeya uyinyoni yasemanzini. Amachibi kanye nezindawo lapho kuhlala khona i-shiloklyuv zihlukaniswa ngosawoti wazo, okungukuthi, le nyoni ikhetha ogwini lolwandle namachibi anosawoti. Akuvamile ukuhlala ogwini lwamachibi amancane namaxhaphozi.
Indawo yokuhlala isabalele e-Eurasia, e-Australia nase-Afrika. E-Russian Federation, lesi sidleke se-sandpiper oLwandle iCaspian, i-Azov neBlack Sea, eKerch Strait, umngcele wendawo yasenyakatho ugudla eningizimu yeSiberia.
Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, ososayensi bahlukanisa i-stylobeak ngezinhlobo ezine:
- I-Aussie Australia (kusuka Latin Latin Recurvirostra novaehollandiae);
- I-American (kusuka ku-Latin Recurvirostra americana)
- I-Andean (kusuka ku-Latin Recurvirostra andina)
- I-Plain (kusuka ku-Latin Recurvirostra avosetta).
Ngu incazelo ye-awl izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zehluka kancane, ikakhulukazi ngomehluko omncane kumbala wezimpaphe. Kuningi izithombe zezinyoni ungabona lezi zici ezihlukile.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Izintuthwane yizilwane ezihlala zodwa, emakoloni, zifinyelela kwinani elilinganiselwe lama-50-70 ngazimbili zabantu, ziwela phansi kuphela isikhathi sokuzalela, futhi lokhu kwenzeka lapho kufika ukushisa kusukela ekupheleni kukaMashi kuya kuMeyi.
Amakoloni amakhulu kakhulu angaba nezimboni ezingafika kuma-200 zezinyoni. AmaKoloni anezinye izinyoni ezifana nama-gull, ama-sicklebill nama-terns avame ukudalelwa ukwakha izidleke.
Njengoba kunendawo yokuhlala ehlangene, kungaba nzima ukuyibona ikude le nyoni. udlebe lokhu noma shilokak, kodwa buqamama, uqhwaku olugobele phezulu njalo lunikeza umnikazi walo kuphela.
Ezinye izazi ziphikisana ngokuthi kufanele kubalwe yini Ukotapeya uyinyoni efudukayo noma cha, kepha iphuzu lapha ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zalezi zilwane, njenge-Australian shilokak, yokwakha izidleke, ayenzi izindiza ezinde, kepha imane ihlangane nabanye abazalwane eduze nendawo ehlala kuyo unomphela, kanti ezinye izinhlobo, ngokwesibonelo, lezo ezihlala eRussia, zindiza ziye ezindaweni ezifudumele zase-Asia nase-Afrika ebusika.
Ukudla
Ukudla kwale nyoni ikakhulukazi kuqukethe ama-crustaceans amancane, izinambuzane kanye nezibungu zazo ezihlala emzimbeni wamanzi, izinhlanzi nezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo zasemanzini nazo ziyakudla.
I-shiloklyuvka isesha ukudla ikakhulukazi emanzini angajulile, ihamba kancane emilenzeni emide ngasogwini lolwandle echibini, ihlwitha isisulu sayo emanzini ngokunyakaza okungazelelwe bese ikugwinya.
Kwesinye isikhathi ibhukuda isuke ogwini, i-awl ibhukuda kahle kakhulu ngenxa yolwelwesi olusezidladleni zayo, bese kuba indlela yokuthola ushintsho lokudla - ukubhukuda emanzini nokubona ukudla kwayo, icwila ngaphansi kwamanzi, ihlwithe i-crustacean etholakele noma isinambuzane ngomlomo wayo.
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi sokuthomba ku-awl siqala kusukela eminyakeni engu-1.5-2 ubudala. Lezi zinyoni zihlala zodwa futhi ezeduna zihlangana nowesifazane oyedwa kuphela kukho konke ukuphila kwazo.
Ngesikhathi sokuzalela, sebebuthene ekoloni, benza imidanso yokukhwelana, ngemuva kwalokho inzalo yesikhathi esizayo iyakhulelwa. Emva kwalokho, izinyoni ziqala ukwakha isidleke sazo.
Bobabili abazali babamba iqhaza ekuhleleni isidleke. Imvamisa ilula kakhulu. Itholakala egqumeni elincane, osebeni noma eziqhingini eziphuma emanzini, kwesinye isikhathi ematsheni.
Insikazi izalela amaqanda esidlekeni, imvamisa amaqanda ayi-3-4. Uhlelo lombala lwegobolondo leqanda imvamisa luyisixhakaxhaka noma isihlabathi esinamabala amnyama nampunga.
Ngesikhathi sokufukamela, i-shiloklyuv iyasigada ngomona isidleke sayo, kufaka phakathi izinhlanzi ezihlala zingomakhelwane, lapho zivela eduze, ziqala ukuziphatha ngomsindo nangolaka.
Ukufukamela okuqondile, izinsuku ezingama-20-25, kwenziwa ngokuhlukile ngabesifazane nabesilisa, ngemuva kwalokho amachwane aluhlaza aqanduselwa. Inzalo ye-shiloklyuvka iqala ukuhamba ngokuzimela cishe kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala.
Cishe izinsuku ezingama-35-40, isizukulwane esisha sisebenza ngokugcwele, ngemuva kwalokho sifunda ukundiza futhi sishintshele ekusekelweni kokuphila okuzimele.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlala kwamaphuphu nabazali bawo, lezi zamuva zihlala zinakekela futhi ziqeqesha izingane zazo, futhi nangemva kwezindiza zokuqala ezizimele, ama-shilokbeak amancane ahlala nezinyoni ezindala isikhathi esithile.
Kuyathakazelisa! Lapho izalwa futhi isencane, uqhwaku lwenzalo ye-awl encane inesimo esilinganayo futhi igobele phezulu kuphela ngokukhula.
Isikhathi sokuphila se-awl yiminyaka eyi-10-15. Ukuqoshwa kwenyoni yesibindi eside kwalo mndeni kwaqoshwa ngendlela yokukhala eHolland, iminyaka yayo yayineminyaka engama-27 egcwele nezinyanga eziyishumi.
Ngenxa yokuthi eRussia lo sandpiper uhlala endaweni encane kakhulu futhi inani lezinyoni lincane, I-Awl ibhalwe kuRed Book izwe lethu futhi ngaleyo ndlela livikelwe ngumthetho.
