Iplanethi yomhlaba imane ichichime ngezinhlobonhlobo zezidalwa ezimangazayo nezingakholeki. Futhi asikhulumi ngezilo ezithile ezijulile noma ngezidlakela ezihlala ngaphakathi ehlathini, kepha ngezidalwa ezincane, ngezingwejeje, noma, ngokunemba kakhulu, ngezingwejeje ezindizayo.
Izici nendawo okuhlala kuyo ingwejeje endizayo
Isikwele endizayo, noma, ingwejeje evamile endizayo, ingaphandle linenombolo enkulu yokufana nesikwele esinama-short-eared. Umehluko kuphela phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili ulwelwesi lwesikhumba oluphakathi kwemilenze yangaphambili neyangemuva yenyoni evamile endizayo.
Vele, akazi ukuthi angandiza kanjani, ngoba kungabonakala njengokuhambisana negama, kepha ulwelwesi lwakhe lwesikhumba lusebenza njengepharashuthi futhi luvumela ingwejeje endizayo ukuba ikhuphuke isuka kwesinye isihlahla iye kwesinye isebenzisa imisinga yomoya. Ngenxa "yamaphiko" aso, ingwejeje endizayo ikwazi ukumboza amabanga afinyelela kumamitha angama-60-70, okuningi impela esilwaneni esincane kangako.
Ubukhulu besikwele esindizayo buncane kakhulu. Ubude obude bomzimba wakhe bungu-22 cm, futhi kanye nomsila ongafika ku-35 cm, lokhu kumenza isisulu esinzima kakhulu sezilwane ezizingelayo. Futhi isisindo somzimba wonke silinganiselwa ku-150-180 g.
Yilesi sisindo esincane esenza sikwazi ingwejeje endizayo ukuhamba amabanga amade. Ngesikhathi sendiza, hhayi kuphela ukuthi ulwelwesi lwesikhumba ludlala indima enkulu, kepha futhi nomsila ontofo-ntofo, ofana nse ovumela iskwiza ukuthi singene emoyeni futhi sindiza ngendledlana ekhethiwe.
"Ukutshala" esihlahleni kunikezwa ama-marigolds amancane futhi aqinile kakhulu, avumela ingwejezi endizayo ukuba ihlale egatsheni kunoma yisiphi isikhundla. Ijazi eliminyene lesilwane liyasivumela ukuba simelane namazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu.
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ebusika basenyakatho. Umbala othize wenza ukuthi ingwejeje endizayo ikwazi ukucasha ehlathini ukuze kungatholakali kalula ngaphandle kokubheka isikhathi eside.
Isikwele endizayo inendawo yokuhlala elinganiselwe kakhulu. Ezimweni eziningi, lawa ama-birch omanzi noma amahlathi e-alder. Ukuze ingwejezi indize isikhathi eside, lezi zilwane zikhetha ukuhlala eziqongweni zezihlahla.
Lokhu akuhlinzeki kuphela ngombono oyifunayo, kepha futhi nokuvikelwa okuthembekile ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Njengendlu, izingwejeje ezindizayo zisebenzisa imigodi yemithi yemvelo, noma izidleke zezinyoni. Umbala wemvelo wesilwane uvumela ingwejeje endizayo ukuba ihlangane nemvelo futhi ingabonakali nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka.
Njengengwejeje ovamile, ingwejeje endizayo ichitha isikhathi esincane kakhulu emhlabathini, okuyivikelayo futhi ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye ezifuna ukuzuza esilwaneni esincane. Isilwane sisebenza nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka futhi sichitha isikhathi esiningi sifuna ukudla. Isilwane ngokwaso asinakho ukuziphatha okunolaka futhi ngokuzithoba ngokuphelele siphendula kunoma yisiphi isilwane naso esinganaki isikwashi esindizayo.
Uhlamvu nendlela yokuphila
Isilwane senhlalo ngokuphelele, esivame ukutholakala kakhulu eduze kwezindlu zabantu, imigwaqo emikhulu noma amapaki. Abesifazane abagada izingane zabo abazethembekile kangako kwezinye izilwane. Inani elikhulu lalezi zilwane zihlala engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia kanye nasemahlathini amaningi aswakeme eNyakatho Yurophu naseMelika.
Ukudla okunomsoco ondizayo
Ukudla kwezingwejeje ezindizayo akuhlukile neze kwamanye amalungu alo mndeni. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, ingwejeje endizayo ingadla amakhowe namajikijolo ahlukahlukene. Kepha ngenkathi ebandayo, kusetshenziswa amantongomane amancane ephayini, imbewu yama-moss yezigaxa.
Isilwane sibuye sigcinwe ngezinhlinzeko zasebusika. Ngokubanzi, lawa yimifino yezihlahla ezinqumayo (willow, maple, birch, larch). Lapho ukudla kuqinile, kusetshenziswa amagxolo ezihlahla ezingezona izihlanganisi, aqukethe inani elikhulu lamavithamini futhi avumela isilwane ukuthi siphile ebusika, ngoba ingwejeje endizayo ayifihli ubusika.
Kepha into ethakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi ingwejeje ikuqonda kahle ukuthi amajikijolo namakhowe awakwazi ukugcinwa ebusika, ngoba azowela emgodini. Ngesikhathi seqhwa neqhwa, ingwejeje evamile endizayo ichitha isikhathi sayo esiningi emgodini, idla eziqiwini zayo.
Lesi silwane siqiniswa yiziphathimandla ezifanele, njengoba sivikelwe yimithetho ingwejeje endizayo, incwadi ebomvu uyasifakazela ngalokhu. Inani elikhulu kakhulu lalezi zilwane alikwazi ukusinda ebusika obushubile basenyakatho ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene, lolu hlobo lwalubhalwe kuRed Book, futhi ingwejeje endizayo yaseJapan noma i-marsupial nayo. Kusukela ku-squirrel ovamile ondizayo, lezi zinhlobo ezimbili ziyehluka endaweni yazo nangebala lejazi.
I-squirrel endizayo esithombeni ivusa imizwa emihle kuphela, ngokushesha ifuna ukuyishaya futhi imphakele. Eziningi kulezi zinsuku zifisa ukuthenga izilwane ezingaphandle. Isilwane sibiza kakhulu, ngakho-kefly ezindizayo ukuthenga hhayi wonke umuntu angakwazi. Amanani aqala ku- $ 1,500.
Kepha ngenxa yokubukeka okuhle ngendlela emangalisayo, kunabantu abaningi abafuna ukuthenga isilwane. Ekhaya, kunzima kakhulu nge-squirrel endizayo. Ngalokhu, igundane lidinga isikhala esiningi sokugxuma nokundiza. Esimweni esinjalo, isimo sabo sishintsha kancane: emini baba novalo oluncane nolaka, kepha ebusuku, njengamathoyizi athambile.
Uboya babo buthambile kakhulu futhi bujabulisa kakhulu ukuthintwa kunasezikweleni abajwayelekile. Uma ufuna ukuzitholela isilwane esinjalo, ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kwesikhala, udinga nokunakekela umsoco ofanele ukuze isilwane singakhuluphali noma senziwe buthakathaka yindlala.
Ukuzala kanye nempilo yezingwejezi ezindizayo
Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi ingwejeje endizayo ingaphakathi Incwadi Ebomvunjengezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa nezingajwayelekile. Isilwane sikhiqiza kahle kakhulu nangokuzimisela. Kungakapheli unyaka, owesifazane uyakwazi ukuletha izingwejeje ezi-4-5.
Lokhu kungazwakala njengomuntu omuhle impela, kepha izingane eziningi azikhuli ziye ekuthombaneni ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene. Insikazi izala inzalo yayo cishe amasonto ama-5 futhi, ikakhulukazi, entwasahlobo ngoMeyi-Ephreli.
Futhi emva kwezinyanga ezimbili, izingwejeje sezivele sezingabantu abadala ezikwazi ukuzala. Isikhathi sokuphila sezingwejeje ezindizayo cishe siyiminyaka eyi-9-13 ekuthunjweni neminyaka eyi-6 endaweni yabo yemvelo. Ngokwemvelo, izikhova, izimpungushe ze-arctic nezinye izilwane ezidlayo zivame ukuzingela lesi silwane ngenjabulo.
Ngaphezu kokuthi isilwane siyaqonda ukuthi imiphi imikhiqizo ekwazi ukugcinwa isikhathi eside emgodini, futhi engakwazi nokukhuphuka, lesi silwane siyathandeka ngamanye amaqiniso. Ngenkathi ebandayo, i-squirrel endizayo iyakwazi ukungenisa omunye umqashi emgodini wayo, uma engenayo indawo ahlala kuyo.
Lolu hlobo lobudlelwano ezweni lesilwane aluvamile, uma kungeyilo lodwa. Uma indawo ehlala ingwejeje endizayo iseduze nezakhiwo zokuhlala noma amapaki, kulokhu, isilwane sikwazi ukuhlala ezindlini zezinyoni noma ophahleni.
Izingwejeje ezindizayo ezindizayo zifuna ukwazi kakhulu, ngakho-ke entwasahlobo ehlathini ungabona lezi zilwane ezinhle zihleli esihlahleni. Abantu abadala abaningi bayakugwema ukunakwa, futhi umsebenzi wabo uqala phakathi kobusuku, kusuka emehlweni okubuka.
Abantu baseLatvia ngo-2010, baqanjwa ngokuthi ingwejeje evamile endizayo - isilwane sonyaka. Uthole isihloko esinjalo ngokubukeka kwakhe nangesikhundla sakhe eRed Book. Lokhu kubonakala kuyikho konke okungashiwo ngalesi silwane esimangalisayo. Ividiyo engezansi, ekhombisa ukuthi ingwejeje yenza kanjani izindiza zayo kusuka esihlahleni iye esihlahleni, ayijwayelekile futhi iyathandeka.
