Incazelo nezici ze-otter
U-Otter - Lesi ngesinye sezinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo ezisencane, esinconywa emndenini we-weasel. Ubukhulu besilwane esincelisayo buncike ngqo kohlobo.
Ngokwesilinganiso, zisuka ku-50 cm ziye ku-95 cm, ubude bomsila wayo obushubile busuka ku-22 cm kuye ku-55 cm. Isici esithokozisayo ukuthi isilwane esilingana nemitha sinesisindo esingu-10 kg kuphela.
Ama-Otters azo zonke izinhlobo anombala ofanayo - onsundu noma onsundu. Uboya babo bufushane, kepha bujiyile, obukwenza ubaluleke kakhulu. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, i-otter iba nesikhathi sokuncibilika.
Ama-Otter ngomunye walabo abanakekelayo futhi banakekele uboya babo, bayabukama, babuhlanze. Uma bengakwenzi lokhu, uvolo uyoba ongcolile futhi ungabe usafudumala, futhi lokhu ngokuqinisekile kuzoholela ekufeni.
Ngenxa yamehlo ayo amancane, i-otter ibona kahle emhlabeni nangaphansi kwamanzi. Banemilenze emifushane nezinzipho ezicijile. Izinzwane zixhunywe ulwelwesi, okwenza sikwazi ukubhukuda kahle.
Lapho i-otter ingena emanzini, ukuvuleka kwezindlebe zayo namakhala kuvalwa ngama-valve ngale ndlela, kuvimbe ukungena kwamanzi lapho. Ekuphishekeleni inyamazane ngaphansi kwamanzi, i-otter ingabhukuda ifike kuma-300 m.
Lapho isilwane esincelisayo sizwa ingozi, senza umsindo wokuhayiza. Ngenkathi zidlala zodwa, ziyakhwifa noma zitshiyoze. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba i-otter isetshenziswa njengesilwane esizingelayo. Bayakwazi ukuqhuba izinhlanzi emanetheni.
I-otter inezitha eziningi. Ngokuya ngendawo ezihlala kuyo, lezi kungaba yizinyoni ezidla inyama, izingwenya, amabhere, izinja ezilahlekile, izimpisi nezingwe. Kodwa isitha esiyinhloko sihlala siyindoda, asimzingeli nje kuphela, kodwa singcolisa futhi sonakalise imvelo yaso.
Indawo yokuhlala ka-Otter kanye nendlela yokuphila
I-otter itholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi, ngaphandle kwase-Australia. Ngenxa yokuthi indawo abahlala kuyo ihlotshaniswa namanzi, bahlala eduze kwamachibi, imifula neminye imizimba yamanzi, futhi amanzi nawo kufanele ahlanzeke futhi abe nomsinga oqinile. Ngesikhathi sasebusika (esibandayo), i-otter iyabonakala kulezo zingxenye zomfula ezingafriziwe.
Ebusuku, isilwane siyazingela, kuthi emini sikhethe ukuphumula. Lokhu ikwenza ezimpandeni zezihlahla ezimila eduze kwamanzi noma emigodini yazo. Indawo yokungena emgodini ihlale yakhiwe ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ngoba i-otter beaver unenzuzo, uhlala emigodini ayeyimbile, ngoba akazakhi eyakhe. Uma kungekho lutho olusongela i-otter, ziyasebenza emini.
Uma i-otter iba engaphephile endaweni yayo ejwayelekile, inganqoba ngokuphepha indlela engamakhilomitha angama-20 ifuna izindlu ezintsha (kungakhathalekile isikhathi sonyaka). Izindlela azinyathelayo zisetshenziswe nguye iminyaka eminingana. Kuyathakazelisa ukubuka lesi silwane ebusika, sihamba eqhweni ngokuzuba, kushintshana nokuslayida esiswini saso.
Ngokuya ngohlobo, ama-otter asabela ngendlela ehlukile ekuthunjweni. Abanye bayadikibala, bayeke ukuzinakekela, futhi ekugcineni bangafa. Lesi sakamuva, kunalokho, sinobungane kakhulu, sizijwayeza ngokushesha indawo entsha, futhi siyadlala impela.
Ukugcinwa kwabo kuyirobhothi elisebenza kanzima. Kudingeka izimo ezikhethekile: i-aviary, ichibi lokubhukuda, izomisi, indlu. Kepha futhi uletha injabulo enkulu, uyadlala kakhulu. Baze babhale izinkondlo ngama-otters, isibonelo, “otter ku-tundra».
Izinhlobo ze-Otter
Kunezinhlobo eziyi-17 zama-otter nemindeni engu-5 isiyonke. Okuthandwa kakhulu yile:
- Umfula otter (ejwayelekile).
- I-sea otter (ulwandle otter).
- I-otter yaseCaucasia.
- I-otter yaseBrazil (enkulu).
I-sea otter iyisilwane esincelisayo sasolwandle sohlobo oluthile i-otter beaver, ngakho i-otter yasolwandle ibizwa nangokuthi i-sea beaver. Ihlukaniswe ngobukhulu bayo obukhulu, obufinyelela ku-150 cm futhi bube nesisindo esingama-45 kg.
Sinenkosi noboya obukhulu aminyene, okwenza sikwazi ukufudumala emanzini. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 inani labantu (sea otters) lehle kakhulu ngenxa yesidingo esikhulu soboya.
Kulesi sigaba, inani labo lenyuke kakhulu, kepha abakwazi ukuzingelwa. Kuyathakazelisa ukuwabuka, ngoba ama-otter asolwandle afaka ukudla kwawo "ephaketheni", anakho ngaphansi kwesitho sangaphambili ngakwesokunxele. Futhi ukuze bahlukanise imbaza, basebenzisa amatshe. Isikhathi sabo sokuphila siyiminyaka eyi-9-11; ekuthunjweni bangaphila iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20.
I-otter enkulu ingafinyelela kumamitha amabili, u-70 cm wayo ongumsila. Isisindo sayo sifinyelela ku-26 kg. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-otter yasolwandle inesisindo esiningi kakhulu, inezilinganiso ezincane. Ama-otter aseBrazil ahlala emindenini yabantu abangafika kwabangu-20, okuyiyona eyinhloko emndenini ngowesifazane.
Umsebenzi wabo wenzeka ngezikhathi zasemini, baphumula ebusuku. Isikhathi sabo sokuphila sesifikile eminyakeni eyi-10. I-otter yaseCaucasus ibhalwe kuRed Book. Ukwehla kwabantu kwenziwa ngenxa yokungcola kwemizimba yamanzi, ukwehla kwenani lezinhlanzi nokuzingela ngokungemthetho. Isithombe se-Otter nezihlobo zabo zingatholakala emakhasini esayithi lethu.
Ukudla
Ukudla kwe-otter ikakhulu kufaka izinhlanzi, kepha zingadla futhi nezimbaza, amaqanda ezinyoni, ama-crustaceans ngisho namagundane asemhlabeni. Futhi hhayi umngani ama-otters kanye ne-muskrat, engafika kalula esilwaneni esidla inyama ngesidlo sasemini.
Ama-Otter achitha ingxenye enkulu kakhulu yempilo yawo efuna ukudla, ayashesha futhi asheshe. Ngenxa yokuminza kwabo, izindawo zabo zokuhlala kufanele zibe nenhlanzi. Lesi silwane singumzingeli omangalisayo, ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokudla, ukuzingela akupheli, nezinhlanzi ezibanjiwe zisebenza njengohlobo lwethoyizi.
Ama-Otter awusizo olukhulu embonini yokudoba, njengoba adla izinhlanzi ezingezona ezentengiselwano, zona zona ezidla amaqanda kanye nefry. Emini, i-otter idla cishe u-1 kg wezinhlanzi, kanti encane isemanzini, kanti enkulu idonswa emhlabeni. Ukhipha ukudla emanzini ngale ndlela, akubeke esiswini bese uyadla.
Ngemuva kokuphela kwesidlo, icwilisa kahle emanzini, ihlanza umzimba udoti wokudla. Kuyisilwane esihlanzekile. Isilwane asiphenduli kulolo olushiywe abazingeli, ngakho-ke kunzima kakhulu ukuheha isilwane ngale ndlela, ngaphandle kwalapho kufanele silambe kakhulu.
Ukuzaliswa kanye nempilo ye-otter
Isikhathi sokuthomba ku-otter wesifazane siqala eminyakeni emibili, kowesilisa eminyakeni emithathu. Bayizilwane ezizodwa. Ukukhwelana kwenzeka emanzini. I-otter izala kanye ngonyaka, le nkathi iwela entwasahlobo.
Insikazi inesikhathi esithakazelisayo sokukhulelwa, ngemuva kokukhulelwa ingama ekukhuleni bese iqala futhi. Ngalesi sizathu, insikazi ingakhiqiza inzalo ekuqaleni kobusika naphakathi kwentwasahlobo (ukukhulelwa okucashile kungahlala ezinsukwini ezingama-270). Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sithatha izinsuku ezingama-60 kuya kwezingama-85.
Udoti usuka ezinganeni ezimbili kuya kwezi-4. Bazalwa bengaboni futhi besoboya, umbono uvela ngemuva kwenyanga yokuphila. Ngenyanga yesibili yokuphila, abantwana banamazinyo, futhi bafunda ukubhukuda, ezinyangeni eziyisithupha bazimela. Cishe ngemuva konyaka, izingane zishiya unina.
Isikhathi sokuphila se-otter ngokwesilinganiso sihlala cishe iminyaka eyi-15-16. Amanani walezi zilwane ezimangalisayo ancipha kakhulu. Isizathu akusona nje kuphela imizimba yamanzi engcolisiwe, kodwa futhi nokuzingela ngokungemthetho. Ukuzingela i-Otter akuvunyelwe ngumthetho. Kwamanye amazwe, lesi silwane esihle sibhalwe kuRed Book.
Inani eliyinhloko labazingeli ngu otter fur - inekhwalithi eyanele futhi ihlala isikhathi eside. I-Beaver, otter, muskrat yimithombo eyinhloko yoboya, abathanda ukuyisebenzisela ukuthunga imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene.
