I-Loshak Ingabe isilwane esinezinselo esibukeka kakhulu njengembongolo. Emvelweni wemvelo, akwenzeki, njengoba kungumphumela wemisebenzi yokukhetha abantu. Izilwane zingaphansi kwezimbongolo neminyuzi ngokwamandla okusebenza, ngakho-ke, azivamile kangako. Ukuzalela amahhashi anjalo kwenziwa ikakhulukazi emazweni ase-Asia Ephakathi.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Loshak
ILoshak iyisiphambano esiphakathi kwehashi elikhulu nembongolo yabesifazane. Ukuzalaniswa kwalezi zilwane, kanye neminyuzi, kwaqala ukubhekwana nakho isikhathi eside - emuva eNkathini Ephakathi. Izinhlamvu zokuqala zeminyuzi nama-hinnies zavela e-Asia Ephakathi. Ngemuva kwalokho abantu bafunda ngokushesha ukufuya izilwane e-Iran, eGibhithe.
Umuntu walwela ukudala nokukhulisa abasebenzi. Umsebenzi oyinhloko bekuwukuthola izilwane ezizoba nokusebenza okuphezulu nokubekezela. Abantu beNkathi Ephakathi bafuna ukusebenzisa izilwane njengezisebenzi zasendlini noma njengezinto zokuhamba. Omunye umsebenzi obalulekile ukukwazi ukuphelezela amasosha emikhankasweni ende, ukuhambisa hhayi kuphela abagibeli bamahhashi, kodwa futhi nazo zonke izikhali nemifaniswano yamasosha.
Ividiyo: Loshak
Izinhlamvu zokuqala zezilwane zazifunwa kakhulu phakathi kwamaqembu abantu abayimizulane nabahambayo. Abamele abesifazane babesetshenziswa njengezinto zokuhamba, kuthi abesilisa babuthwe benze umsebenzi onzima noma bathuthe izinto ezisindayo. Ukubandakanyeka ekusebenzeni kanzima kuvame ukwenzeka eneminyaka eyodwa nohhafu ukuya eminyakeni emibili.
Ngemuva kwalokho, lapho abalimi beqala ukufuya iminyuzi eminingi, bafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi lezi zilwane kulula ukuzizala, ngoba azidingi kangako ekudleni, azidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, futhi ziqinile. Namuhla ungathola umnyuzi kuphela emazweni ase-Asia Ephakathi, e-Afrika, kwezinye izindawo zaseMelika. Emazweni amaningi asetshenziselwa ukubamba iqhaza emjahweni wamahhashi we-amateur.
Njengomphumela wokukhetha, abantu banciphisa izigaba ezintathu zezinhlamvu:
- iphakethe;
- ukubopha;
- ukugibela.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Loshak emvelweni
Ngaphandle, umnyuzi ufana kakhulu nembongolo. Ukuphakama komzimba ekubuneni kubanga ukusuka kumasentimitha ayi-105 kuye kwayi-160. Isisindo somzimba sincike esigabeni sesilwane: izilwane ezisalungiswa zinesisindo esisuka ku-300 kuye ku-500 kilograms, bese zipakisha izilwane kusuka ku-280 kuya ku-400 kilograms. Umbala wesilwane uzuzwe njengefa ngokuphelele kunina. Kunezinketho eziningi zombala zesilwane. Izilwane zingakhanya, zibe nsundu, zibe bomvu, zibe nsundu ngokunyama noma zibe mnyama. Izici zangaphandle, kufaka phakathi ukuphakama, kunqunywa kakhulu yizici zabazali abasetshenziselwe ukweqa.
Umnyuzi uhlale unezindlebe ezimfushane, azizuza njengefa kustalion. Ekubukeni komnyuzi, kunezici ezikhumbuza kakhulu izici zehhashi. Isakhiwo sesiqu nezitho zomzimba ziyefana nalezo zamahhashi. Umnyuzi unentamo enkulu, emfushane nenhloko encane. Umzimba unamandla futhi uqinile. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi, njengamahhashi, umnyuzi unama-bangs, umhlwenga nomsila omude.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Ezimweni eziningi, kungakhathalekile izici zangaphandle zabazali, ukubonakaliswa kwe-dimorphism yezocansi kuyisici sezinhlamvu. Abesifazane bakhudlwana ngosayizi nangesisindo kunabesilisa.
Umnyuzi unezici eziningi zezici ezikhethekile kuye kuphela:
- umugqa oqondile emuva;
- amehlo amile okwe-alimondi;
- intamo eqondile, emfushane futhi obukhulu;
- izitho ezimfushane ezinemisipha ethuthukile nezinselo ezinde;
- okuphansi, okufushane kuyabuna.
Uhlala kuphi umnyuzi?
Isithombe: Loshak eRussia
I-Asia Ephakathi ibhekwa njengezwe lomlando womnyuzi. Namuhla amazwe aseCentral Asia ahlala eyindawo lapho lezi zinhlamvu zezimbongolo zihlala zifunwa kakhulu.
Kuphi ukuhlala kweminyuzi ngaphezu kwe-Asia Ephakathi:
- Korea;
- isifunda saseTranscarpathia;
- izifunda eziseningizimu yeYurophu;
- Amazwe ase-Afrika;
- I-America esenyakatho;
- I-South America.
ILoshako kulula kakhulu ukuyigcina, ngoba ayifuni ngenkani ezimweni zokugcina nokunikezwa kokudla. Izilwane zigcinwa kulezo zifunda lapho abantu kufanele benze umsebenzi onzima, balime umhlaba, bavune izilimo ezinkulu, futhi balwe isikhathi eside. Azinakubuyiselwa ezifundeni zezintaba, lapho zisetshenziselwa ukuthutha izimpahla zisuka kwelinye iphuzu ziye kwelinye.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Inzuzo yezilwane yizici ezikhethekile zezinselo. Akunasidingo sokufaka izicathulo ezilwaneni, kepha noma ngaphandle kwezicathulo zehhashi, badlula kalula ezintabeni, eceleni kodaka, imigwaqo embozwe yiqhwa.
Ngaphakathi kwezwekazi lase-Afrika, kanye nasendaweni eseNingizimu naseNyakatho Melika, ama-ungulates asetshenziselwa ukuhambisa izikhali, izinhlamvu kanye nomfaniswano wabezempi. Kwamanye amazwe, ngosizo lwabo, ukuhlinzekwa kwensimbi kusuka ezimayini nasezindaweni zokukhishwa kwayo ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene sekusunguliwe.
Azikho izimo ezikhethekile ezidingekayo zokugcina isilwane. Udinga kuphela umbhede ozinzile nowomile, kanye nenani lamanzi nokudla okwanele. Futhi, abalimi bezingulates bayaqaphela ukuthi kuyalulekwa ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi bahlanze izinselo zabo futhi bahlanganise izinwele zabo nomhlwenga. Uma umnyuzi unokudla okwanele namanzi, ungabekezelela kalula cishe noma yisiphi isimo sezulu nesimo sezulu.
Idlani i-hinny?
Isithombe: I-hinny emhlophe
Ngokuya kokudla okunempilo, umnyuzi awubaniki abanikazi bawo izinkinga ezikhethekile. Abakhiqizi be-ungulate bazodinga ukuhlinzeka ngamaprotheni anele ukwakha imisipha eyanele.
Yini engasetshenziswa njengesisekelo sokudla:
- hay;
- bran;
- izithelo ezintsha - ama-apula;
- imifino;
- imifino - amazambane, ummbila, izaqathe;
- okusanhlamvu - oats, rye;
- imidumba.
I-hinterland iyinhlanganisela ye-stallion nembongolo, ngenxa yalokho ukudla kwe-hinny kuhlanganisa izici zokudla zombongolo nehhashi. Isisekelo sokudla yi-hay, noma uhlaza, uhlaza olusha, utshani. Ubungako botshani obudingwa yisilwane nsuku zonke buya ngesisindo somzimba esiphelele. Ngokwesilinganiso, i-hinnie eyodwa izodinga amakhilogremu ayi-6-8 otshani obuluhlaza noma uhlaza oluhlaza kanye no-3-3.5 kilograms womxube olinganiselayo. Le ngxube ingathengwa noma ilungiswe wedwa ngokuxuba imifino, izithelo, ummbila.
Kumathole, kudingeka okungenani ama-3-4 kilograms of hay akhethiwe noma utshani obuluhlaza nsuku zonke. Ngokukhula kwesilwane, kancane kancane kuyadingeka ukwandisa inani lokudla nokwandisa ukudla kwaso. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi isilwane sithole amanzi anele nsuku zonke. Ngesikhathi sokushisa kwehlobo, isidingo soketshezi siyanda.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Loshak
Uhlobo lweminyuzi lunezinzuzo nezinkinga zombili. Izilwane zivame ukuzuza inkani nokungalaleli kunina. Izazi zeZoologists zithi akunakwenzeka ukubikezela kusengaphambili ukuthi yiziphi izimfanelo i-hybrid ezozizuza kunina, okuvela kuyise. Kanye nenkani, ukuzola, ukuzibamba, ukujwayela nokubekezela okuhle kuhlangana ngokuphelele kuzo. Izilwane ezilayishwe ngokugcwele zingahamba ibanga elide - kuze kufike kumakhilomitha ayi-10-13 ngaphandle kokuma. Lezi zimfanelo zibhekwa njengezibaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwabahlali bezindawo eziphakeme kanye nezindawo ezingekho mgwaqo kanye nalezo zindawo ezikude nempucuko nezindawo zokuhlala.
Amahhashi enza imisindo efana nenhlanganisela yamahhashi asondelayo nokukhala kwembongolo. Abanye abantu bangakhula ngesivinini esifanele kanye namabanga amade. Abalimi bakaHinny babheka ukumelana kwabo nezifo ezahlukahlukene njengenzuzo enkulu, eyenza ukunakekelwa kwabo kube lula futhi kukhulise isikhathi sokuphila sezilwane. Abanye abantu baphila iminyaka engama-60-70, ngenkathi behlala ngokugcwele iminyaka engama-30-35.
Izazi zezilwane zehlukanisa lezi zinhlamvu ezilandelayo zomnyuzi:
- ukubekezela;
- ukukhuthazela;
- ukuzola;
- ukungafuni ukudla nokunakekelwa;
- ngcaphuno.
Uma umnikazi enakekela isilwane kahle, usheshe asinamathele kuso futhi aphendule ngokubekezela nangokulalela. Izazi zezilwane zithi kungcono ukuyisa izilwane emfundweni zisencane. Ngakho-ke kulula kubo ukujwayela nokujwayela izimo ezintsha zokuboshwa, ukuxhumana okuseduze nomuntu.
Kunconywa ukuheha izilwane ukuthi zenze umsebenzi osindayo hhayi ngaphambi kweminyaka emithathu kuya kwemithathu nengxenye. Ngemuva konyaka nohhafu, bazokwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo futhi ungakwazi ukwandisa umthwalo kancane kancane.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Umbhangqwana weminyuzi
Enye yezinkinga ezisobala kakhulu zeminyuzi inzalo yayo. Izilwane zifuywa ngokuwela amahhashi ngezimbongolo. Ngokwezibalo, bonke abesilisa abazalwa ngale ndlela abakwazi ukuzala inzalo. Phakathi kwabesifazane, kungahle kube nabantu abakwaziyo ukukhiqiza inzalo. Lokhu kushoda kuchazwa ngokombono wesayensi ngeqoqo elithile le-chromosome.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ososayensi bakwazile ukuthola ukuthi abantu besifazane abangakwazi ukukhulelwa izingane bangasetshenziswa njengomama ngokwesivumelwano, okungukuthi, ukuthwala amawundlu ngemuva kokufakwa embungwini. Lesi sici sisetshenziswa abalimi ukuzala inzalo kusuka ezinhlotsheni zamahhashi ezingavamile, ezihlukile.
Ngenxa yokuthi abesilisa abakwazi ukuzala, bathenwa lapho befika eminyakeni emibili. Izinyane elisanda kuzalwa cishe aludingi lwazi noma amakhono akhethekile. Udinga ukubanakekela ngendlela efanayo neyamathole amancane. Lapho ukhetha indawo yokugcina amawundlu, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi bayazwela kakhulu emakhazeni nasezinhlaka. Uma izingane zizalwe ngenkathi ebandayo, zidinga ukugcinwa endaweni yezinyoni evaliwe, evaliwe. Izingane zingakhishelwa ngaphandle, kepha akufanele zibe khona ngaphezu kwamahora angu-2,5-3 ngosuku.
Lapho kuqala ihlobo, izilwane kufanele zibe ngaphandle isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka. Isikhathi esiphilwa yisilwane iminyaka engama-35-40. Lapho igcinwe ezimweni ezinhle futhi inikezwa ngokunakekelwa okufanele, isikhathi sokuphila sikhula sibe yiminyaka engama-50-60.
Izitha zemvelo zeminyuzi
Isithombe: Loshak emvelweni
ILoshak yisilwane esigcinwa kuphela ekhaya. Ngenxa yalokho, akanazo izitha zemvelo. Ngenxa yokuzivikela komzimba okuqhubekayo, akavamile ukugula, ngakho-ke azikho izifo ezithile ezilwaneni.
Kodwa-ke, izazi zezilwane zisachaza izinkinga nezinsongo eziningana empilweni nasempilweni yezilwane. I-Achondroplasia iphumela ekuguqulweni kwezakhi embungwini kanye namathole asanda kuzalwa. Izimpawu zokuguquka nokugula kwezinsana ezisanda kuzalwa ziyisifinyeto esifushane, izitho ezimfushane ezihlobene nomzimba, nesifuba esifushane kakhulu.
Lezi zilwane azibonakali ngezifo zomgudu wamathumbu, izinselo, izifo zamalunga. Emlandweni wonke wokuba khona komnyuzi, lezi zifo azikaze zibhaliswe.
Kukhona izifo eziningana ezingase zivele ngezinye izikhathi kulezi zilwane:
- avitaminosis... Kwenzeka ngokudla okunomsoco, okungafanele noma okungalingani. Kubonakala ngokuzikhandla, ukwehla kokusebenza, ukulahleka kwezinwele.
- i-epizootic lymphangitis... Isifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa i-cryptococcus.
- IZILWANE... Isifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa amagciwane athile. Uma kutholakala ukuthi kune-hinny enalesi sifo, kuyaqinisekiswa, ngoba kuyingozi hhayi kwezinye izilwane kuphela, kodwa nakubantu.
- izifo ezizalisayo... Umenzeli we-causative yi-trypanosome. Umzimba wezilwane umbozwe ama-crust aminyene, izitho zangasese ziyanda futhi ziyajiya, ezimweni ezinzima ukukhubazeka kwengxenye yonke yangemuva yomzimba kuyabonakala.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Loshak
Muva nje, ukuthandwa nokufunwa kwalezi nzalo kwehla ngokushesha. Lokhu kungenxa yenqubekela phambili yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuvela kwenani elikhulu lemishini yezolimo. Ngokwezibalo zezazi zezilwane, namuhla imfuyo yomnyuzi icishe ibe yi-4,000,000 - 5,000,000. Ezweni lesimanje, lezi zilwane azidingeki kakhulu, ngoba abantu abaningi bavame ukuzifaka ngemishini ekhethekile. Kodwa-ke, kunezindawo lapho zihlala zingabasizi ababalulekile. EMelika, abalimi abazimele bakhulisa lezi zilwane emagcekeni abo bese bezisebenzisa njengomsebenzi.
Kwamanye amazwe, bakhishwa ngokukhethekile ekuhleleni imincintiswano yezemidlalo, izinhlanga. Kulula ukuziqeqesha. Okuhlukile kusebenza ngezinqobelo zokunqoba, ngoba azikwazi ukweqa izithiyo eziphakeme ngokweqile.
Izazi zezilwane ziqaphela ukuthi amazwe ase-Asia Ephakathi, e-Afrika, eMelika aqhubeka ehamba phambili ekuzaleni nasezibalweni zalawa ma-ungulates. Namuhla, abaseYurophu cishe abazalanisi lesi silwane. Isibalo sabantu sincike ngokuphelele kumuntu kanye nesidingo sokuzala umnyuzi ngokungeyena.
I-Loshak, njengomnyuzi, uyisilwane esizolile, esinesineke futhi esisebenza kanzima. Uma iqala ukungabi namqondo, noma inenkani, kuyadingeka ukuthi ihlaziye izici zokunakekela isilwane, mhlawumbe ukubuyekeza ukudla.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 04/19/2020
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 18.02.2020 ngo-19: 06
