Indoda enentshebe - inyoni eyingqayizivele yohlobo lwayo ngomqondo ongokoqobo wegama, ngoba yilo kuphela uhlobo lohlobo lwentshebe. Cishe akafani namanye amalungu omndeni woKlebe. Ngokuvamile, le nyoni inokubukeka okungajwayelekile ngokuqhathaniswa nezinye izilwane. Namuhla, kungabonakala hhayi kuphela endaweni yayo ejwayelekile, kodwa naseziqiwini eziningi emazweni ahlukahlukene. Kuleli khasi, sizonikeza imininingwane yezikhathi ezibaluleke kakhulu empilweni yentshebe.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Bearded
Okokuqala intshebe kwatholakala indoda efana noKarl Linnaeus ngo-1758. Ubhale ngale nyoni kuhlelo lweshumi lwetaxonomy yakhe edumile enesihloko esithi Systems of Nature. Kulo msebenzi, uKarl wanikeza le nyoni igama layo lokuqala lesiLatini - uVultur barbatus. Esikhathini esithile kamuva, ikakhulukazi ngo-1784, udokotela waseJalimane nosokhemisi uGottlieb Konrad Christian Shtohr wakhetha lezi zinhlobo zaba uhlobo oluhlukile - iBearded (Gypaetus).
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: ngesiRashiya, le nyoni nayo inegama eliphakathi - iwundlu. Ukuhumusha okuvela encazelweni yaseNtshonalanga Yurophu. Lapho, lolu hlobo lwaqanjwa kakhulu ngenxa yomqondo wabelusi ukuthi ubulala izimvu.
Indoda enentshebe iyinyoni enkulu. Ubude bayo bungafinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-125, kanti isisindo sayo singaba ngamakhilogremu ama-5 kuye kwayi-8. Izimpiko ngokwesilinganiso zingamasentimitha angama-77 ubude futhi zinobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-290. Usayizi wabo ungaqhathaniswa kuphela ne-fretboard.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Bearded
Indoda enentshebe inokubukeka okungajwayelekile nombala. Isibonelo, enyoni endala, ikhanda kuphela, intamo nesisu kuphela okukhanyayo ngombala. Ezindaweni, umbala omhlophe ushintsha ube umbala obomvu ogqamile. Kusukela emlomeni kuya emehlweni kunemigqa emnyama nokumhlophe, futhi ngaphansi komlomo uqobo kunezimpaphe ezimbalwa ezimnyama, lapho uthi nhlá zingafana nentshebe. Iris yendoda enentshebe imhlophe noma iphuzi ngomngcele obomvu. Ngendlela, uqhwaku uqobo lunombala ompunga. Umhlane walenyoni umbozwe izimpaphe ezimnyama nezimhlophe, kanti umsila mude futhi ufana nokhakhayi ngokubukeka kwawo. Izidladla zendoda enentshebe nazo zinombala ompunga.
Izinja zalesi zinhlobo ziyehluka kancane kubantu abadala ekubukekeni kwazo. Amachwane anentshebe amnyama kakhulu. Izisu zazo zimhlophe qwa, kepha umzimba wonke umnyama futhi onsundu. Unomlomo ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka nemilenze eluhlaza.
Ngendlela, i-dimorphism yezocansi isici sendoda enentshebe, okungukuthi, owesilisa nowesilisa abahlukile nganoma iyiphi indlela ngokubukeka nosayizi womzimba.
Uma ngokungazelelwe ubona lolu hlobo e-zoo noma endaweni yaseRussia, mhlawumbe ngeke ukwazi ukuluhlukanisa nale ncazelo. Lokhu kuchazwa kalula. Ngaphandle kokuthi sichaze izimpaphe zabo ngokunembile, ingahluka ngomthunzi. Inyoni, isibonelo, ingaba nezimpaphe ezimbalwa ezimhlophe kuphela, futhi zonke ezinye ngeke zibe phuzi, kodwa ziwolintshi.
Uhlala kuphi umuntu onentshebe?
Isithombe: Bearded
Indawo yokuhlala yalolu hlobo lwe-hawk, ngokwesisekelo, iyafana nawo wonke umndeni. Indoda enentshebe itholakala ezingxenyeni ezifana nezwekazi njengaseNingizimu Yurophu, eMpumalanga naseNingizimu ye-Afrika, nase-Asia Ephakathi. Eminyakeni eminingana edlule, inani elincane lezinyoni zathuthelwa e-Alps ukuze zibone ukuthi zimila kanjani lapho. Ukuhlolwa kube yimpumelelo, kepha lolu hlobo lusathuthuka kakhulu eYurophu. Ensimini yaseRussia, indoda enentshebe ingabonakala e-Altai noma eCaucasus.
Indoda enentshebe empeleni iyinyoni yasentabeni, ngakho-ke ayizisabi izindawo eziphakeme. Ingaphila kokubili etulu etintsabeni nase dvutane nemathafa, kepha nje kuphela kuze isondzele kulokutsatselwako. Ukuphakama kokuhlala kwayo endaweni enamadwala kuyahlukahluka kusuka kumamitha angama-500 kuye kwangama-4000. Le yimininingwane esemthethweni, kepha njengoba kwenzeka kudala, inyoni ingaphila ngaphezu kwezinombolo ezibekiwe. Esikhathini esingengakanani esidlule, iqembu labacwaningi lathola lolu hlobo endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-7000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Ezindaweni eziphakeme, izinyoni zikhetha izindawo ezivikelwe kakhulu, ezifana nemigede noma imigodi, ukuze zikhosele emvuleni noma elangeni elishisayo.
Udla ini umuntu onentshebe?
Isithombe: Bearded
Ukudla kwenyoni enjengendoda enentshebe akuhlukile kakhulu. Isikhathi esiningi sokuphila kwayo, ummeleli wezilwane ondla izilwane ezifile, okungukuthi, isidumbu. Kokudla kwayo, kufana nezinhlobo eziningana ezivela emndenini we-hawk. Izinyoni zivame ukuthola amathambo, umuntu awalahle ngemuva kokudla kwabo, noma adle izilwane ezife ngokufa kwemvelo eduze nendawo yazo.
Kwesinye isikhathi, indoda enentshebe ingadla isilwane esincelisayo esincane, njengomvundla. Lokhu kwenzeka uma lolu hlobo lulambile ngempela. Ngezikhathi ezithile, indoda enentshebe ingase izame ngisho nokubamba isilwane esingasasigadile.
Ngenxa yezimpaphe zayo eziqinile zokundiza, indoda enentshebe izama ukusunduza inyamazane yayo isuka endaweni ephakeme engaba kuyo. Ngemuva kokuwa kwesilwane esincane, le nyoni indizela kuso ukubheka ukuthi iyaphila yini. Eqiniseka ngokuhlukile, indoda enentshebe iqala ukudla kwayo.
Ngenhla, sichaze iningi lezimo lapho indoda enentshebe ihlasela isisulu sayo, kepha okumnandi kakhulu kuyithambo lezilwane, futhi ikakhulukazi ubuchopho. Izisu zabo ziyabagaya kalula ngenxa ye-asidi ephezulu.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Bearded
Amadoda anentshebe yize benolaka, bahlala emhlanjini omncane. Ukuxabana komunye nomunye akuvamile. Ngenxa yemininingwane yabo engokwemvelo, bangandizela phezulu kakhulu kangangokuthi kumuntu omi phansi, inyoni ingabonakala njengenye nje yendawo engaqondakali esibhakabhakeni. Indoda enentshebe indiza ngokugqamile kangangokuthi kwesinye isikhathi kuzwakala ngisho nomsindo othile, awenza ngezimpaphe ezisika emoyeni.
Izwi lendoda enentshebe linzima kakhulu. Uma ungakaze uyizwe le nyoni imemeza ngaphambili, lapho-ke ngeke ukwazi ukuqonda ukuthi yilo kanye lolu hlobo. Yenza imisindo efana nekhwela. Zingaba phezulu noma zithule. Ososayensi bathi izwi ngqo lincike esimweni esithile sentaka okwamanje.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: indoda enentshebe ikhonjiswa esitembu sokuposa sase-Azerbaijan sika-1994.
Lapho indoda enentshebe iqaphela inyamazane yayo engaba isisulu, ayiwi phezu kwayo isuka endaweni ephakeme, njengezinkozi. Uqala ukuzungeza esibhakabhakeni bese ehla kancane kancane. Isisulu sihlaselwa sisondele kude kakhulu nomhlabathi.
Le nyoni ayiweli phansi ngaphandle uma kudingeka ngempela. Ngenxa yamaphiko amakhulu futhi amakhulu, ukusuka kuye kuba umsebenzi oyinkinga kuye. Ukuphumula kwakhe, ukhetha izintambo ezahlukahlukene emadwaleni. Kuzo, le nyoni igijimela phansi ivule amaphiko ayo ukuze indize iqhubeke ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Bearded
Ngokungafani nezinyoni eziningi, inqe elinentshebe lizala phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika. Ukuze izidleke, lezi zinyoni zithanda izindawo eziphakeme zamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezingama-2-3 ezintabeni, emigedeni noma emigodini yamadwala. Kakade maphakathi noDisemba, amanqe anentshebe ahlala endaweni enkulu ngokwanele, efinyelela amakhilomitha ayisikwele amaningana.
Okokusebenza kwesisekelo sesidleke ngamahlumela, amagatsha ezihlahla, noboya, utshani, izinwele zilungele ulwelwesi. Kakade ngoJanuwari, insikazi isilungele ukubeka i-clutch, imvamisa iba namaqanda ama-1-2 okweqanda, umbala wawo onombala omhlophe. Iphethini lamaqanda lihlukile, izindawo ezinsundu zivame ukutholakala. Ngezinye izikhathi ziyi-monochromatic. Amaqanda afukanywa ikakhulukazi ngowesifazane, kodwa owesilisa naye ubamba iqhaza kulokhu. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-53-58, amaphuphu abelindelwe isikhathi eside ayazalwa. Ngokungafani nabantu abadala, banezwi elikhulu futhi bavame ukukhala.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izinyoni zibhekwa njengendoda eyodwa, ngakho bobabili abazali nabo bayabandakanyeka ekukhuliseni izingane. Owesilisa nowesifazane nabo bahlanganyela ekutholeni ukudla kwezingane. Bathola amathambo, bandizele phezulu, bawaphule abe yizicucu ezincane bese bewaletha ezinganeni. Ngakho-ke amaphuphu anentshebe aphila isikhathi eside ngokwanele - izinsuku eziyi-106-130, bese kuthi abazali bawo bandize basuke esidlekeni, banikeze inzalo yabo ithuba lokuphila ngokuzimela.
Izitha zemvelo zendoda enentshebe
Isithombe: Bearded
Indoda enentshebe iyinyoni enkulu kakhulu futhi enamandla yokudla, ngakho-ke, singasho ukuthi ayinazo izitha zemvelo. Isitha sakhe sodwa uqobo. Lesi siphetho sichazwa iqiniso lokuthi izilwane ezinentshebe zihlala zondla izidumbu, kepha akuzona zonke izilwane ezifile eziwusizo kuzo. Manje umuntu athuthukisa ngokushesha ingqalasizinda nokuqapha okuncane kwemvelo. Kwazi bani ukuthi umvundla omncane udleni empilweni yakhe yonke. Isidumbu sakhe singaqukatha ubuthi nezinye izinto eziyingozi.
Futhi, umuntu angakhonjwa ngokuphelele ezitheni zalo muntu. Le nyoni ivame ukuba yizisulu zabazingeli ukuze benze izilwane ezigxotshiwe. Abantu bahlomisa izindawo ezingaphezulu nangaphezulu, ngaleyo ndlela begudluza uhla lwemvelo lwezilwane eziningi, kubandakanya nendoda enentshebe. Akuzona zonke izinyoni ezikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zezulu ezintsha, ngakho eziningi zazo ziyafa. Ngokuya ngalokhu, singaphetha ngokuthi umuntu onobugovu bakhe uyisitha sezinyoni ekuthunjweni kunomngani.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Bearded
Ukuhlangana nendoda enentshebe kuyinto engavamile neze. Lokhu okwamanje kuthonywa yizici eziningi. Isibonelo, ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, ukutholakala kokudla kwehlile ngenxa yokwehla kwenani labangasetshenziswanga basendle nabasekhaya. Izinyoni zivame ukuwela ezingibeni cishe zingabi namathuba okuphuma. Amadoda anentshebe maningi amathuba okuwela kulolu gibe olubulalayo kunezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama. Cabanga nje, ubukhulu besibalo sabantu sebunciphile kakhulu kule minyaka eyikhulu edlule ukuthi okwamanje kusuka ezingxenyeni ezimbalwa kuya kwezingu-500 ezihlala ebangeni ngalinye lezintaba zase-Eurasia. Izinto azidabukisi kangako e-Ethiopia, lapho inani lamadoda anentshebe ezigabeni zawo ezijwayelekile lisuka kuhafu nohafu kuya kumabili ayizinkulungwane ezimbili. Isibalo esikhulu nakakhulu salezi zinyoni ezingavamile singatholakala kwezinye izingxenye zeHimalaya. Futhi, ukwehla kwesibalo sabantu kuthonywe yinto yabantu, ehlanganisa ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda, okungukwakhiwa kwemigwaqo, izindlu, izintambo zikagesi. Enye yezinkinga ezijwayele ukwenziwa zabesilisa abanezintshebe ukushayisana ngqo nezintambo zikagesi.
Ngenxa yazo zonke lezi zinto ezingenhla, uhla lwezinyoni luqale ukwehla kakhulu, okube nomthelela ekwehleni kwabantu, lokhu kubonakala ezilwaneni eziningi futhi kungenye yezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokuvela kwezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Imvamisa ezinye izilwane zihlushwa ukuqothulwa kohlobo olulodwa. Ngakho-ke lapha, abesilisa abanezintshebe babamba iqhaza elibalulekile ochungechungeni lokudla futhi bangabantu "abahlelekile" bemvelo. Ngakho-ke, akuzona izilwane kuphela ezizobhekana nokunyamalala okuphelele kwalolu hlobo, kepha futhi nendawo ezungezile. Lokhu kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi, yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukunakekela ukuphepha kwalolu hlobo.
Indoda enentshebe
Isithombe: Bearded
Uma ubheka izibalo, ungabona ukwehla kwendawo yokuhlala yendoda enentshebe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuqothulwa kwezinkukhu kanye nokwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda. Le nyoni isanda kuqala ukunyamalala ezifundeni eziseningizimu nasenyakatho ye-Afrika, kanye nakwezinye izifunda zempumalanga yeYurophu.
Okwamanje, indoda enentshebe inesimo sokongiwa kwemvelo i-NT, okusho ukuthi uhlobo luseduze nendawo esengozini. Lesi sigaba sanikezwa izinyoni yi-International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), evuselela minyaka yonke iRed List yayo. Kubandakanya nezilwane ezahlukahlukene nezitshalo.
Indoda enentshebe ifakiwe eRed Book yaseRussia isikhathi eside impela. Ezweni lethu, kukhula kangcono ekuthunjweni, kepha ngenxa yokufakwa ohlwini lohlobo oluvikelwe, inani lalo liyakhula kancane kepha ngokuqinisekile liyanda endaweni yemvelo yezinyoni.
Indoda enentshebe Iyinyoni eyingqayizivele edinga ukunakekelwa kwethu. Okwamanje, umhlaba wonke unakekela inani labantu bawo. Masingahlali singenandaba nokuqothulwa kwezilwane emhlabeni wethu. Akunasidingo sokuphula uchungechunge lokudla olukhona oludalwe yimvelo, ngoba ukungabikho kokuxhumanisa okungenani okukodwa kuyo kungaholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu emhlabeni wonke.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: Ephreli 15, 2020
Usuku lokubuyekeza: 04/15/2020 ngo-1: 26
