Isicabucabu sekamela yathola igama layo endaweni yasogwadule. Kodwa-ke, lesi silwane akusona neze isicabucabu. Ngenxa yokubukeka kwazo okufanayo, bahlukaniswa njengama-arachnids. Ukubukeka kwezidalwa kuhambisana ngokuphelele nobuntu bazo. Izilwane ziminzile kakhulu kangangokuba zingadla zize ziqhume ngokoqobo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Camel spider
Lezi zidalwa zinamagama amaningi - i-solpuga, i-phalanx, i-bihorka. I-oda Solifugae, okungelabo, ekuhumusheni kusho "ukuphunyuka ekukhanyeni kwelanga." Lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele, ngoba kunezinhlobo eziningi zasemini ezithanda ilanga phakathi kwezicabucabu zekamela.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: Abantu base-Afrika babizwa nge-arthropods barber noma nge-barber. Abantu babekholelwa ukuthi izindonga zamaphaseji angaphansi komhlaba ama-solpugs zazimbozwe izinwele zabantu nezilwane, abazinquma nge-chelicera (isitho somlomo).
Abanye abantu babiza i-phalanx ngokuthi "ofezela bomoya" ngenxa yekhono labo lokuhamba ngokushesha. ENgilandi, amagama athandwayo ikamela spider, sun scorpion, wind scorpion, sun spider ayathandwa, eTajikistan - calli gusola (ikhanda lenkunzi), emazweni aseningizimu - red romans, baarskeerders.
Ividiyo: Isicabucabu sekamela
Amagama esayensi - Solpugida, Solpugae, Solpugides, Galeodea, Mycetophorae. Igama elithi "phalanx" aliphazamisi kososayensi ngenxa yokuvumelana kwalo negama lesiLatini leqembu elenza utshani - iPalangida. Leli butho lihlanganisa imindeni eyi-13, kuze kufike ezinhlotsheni eziyizinkulungwane kanye nohlobo lwe-140.
Abamele abadume kakhulu be-solpug:
- ezejwayelekile;
- i-transcaspian;
- ukubhema.
Ukutholwa okudala kakhulu kwe-oda kungokwesikhathi seCarboniferous. Izinhlobo zeProtosolpugidae manje sezithathwa njengeziphelile futhi zichazwa ngenxa yemivubukulo etholakala ePennsylvania. Izilwane zitholakala ezindaweni zokuqala zaseBrazil, eDominican, eBurma, e-Baltic amber.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Sibukeka kanjani isicabucabu sekamela
Isakhiwo se-phalanges sihlukile kakhulu: sihlanganisa izinhlamvu ezithuthuke kakhulu nezakudala. Okokuqala uhlelo lwe-tracheal - oluthuthuke kakhulu phakathi kwama-arachnids. Okwesibili ukwakheka komzimba nezitho zomzimba. Ukubukeka kuyisiphambano phakathi kwesicabucabu nezinambuzane.
Ama-Bihorks yizilwane ezinkulu kakhulu, izinhlobo zase-Asia Ephakathi zifinyelela kumasentimitha ama-5-7 ubude, kepha ezinye azidluli amamilimitha ayi-10-15. Umzimba ohlanganisiwe umbozwe izinwele eziningi ezinde nama-setae. Umbala uphuzi onsundu, isihlabathi, mhlophe.
Isigaba sangaphakathi somzimba, lapho i-chelicerae itholakala khona, simbozwe ngesihlangu esikhulu se-chitinous. I-pedipalp tentacles ivame ukusebenza njengezandulela futhi ibonakale isabisa. Sekukonke, izilwane zinemilenze eyi-10. I-Chelicerae injenge-pincers noma i-forceps. Esifubeni seso kukhona amehlo amabili amnyama, amehlo asemaceleni awathuthukisiwe.
Uma izingalo zangaphambili zenza umsebenzi othintekayo, khona-ke emilenzeni yangemuva kunezinzipho eziqinile kanye namaswidi, ngosizo lwama-phalanges angakwazi ukukhuphuka kalula ezindaweni eziqondile. Isisu se-fusiform sinezingxenye eziyi-10 ezakhiwe yizingxenye ze-ventral ne-dorsal.
Ukuphefumula kwetracheal kuthuthukiswa kakhulu. Siqukethe iziqu ze-longitudinal nemikhumbi enamagatsha anezindonga ezijiyile ngendlela yokuvunguza, egcwala umzimba wonke we-solpuga. Izinwele ezijiyile nokunyakaza okusheshayo kusiza ukwethusa izitha, njenge-chelicerae, ebukeka njengezinzipho zenkalankala futhi inekhono lokwenza imisindo ecindezelayo.
Izithasiselo zomlomo zinamandla kangangoba zivumela ama-arachnids ukuba anqume izinwele, izimpaphe noboya bezisulu, ahlabele isikhumba, futhi asike amathambo ezinyoni. Izibopho zomhlathi we-Bubble. Amazinyo acijile emlonyeni. Izinwele ezithintekayo zinde emadodeni kunabesifazane.
Sihlala kuphi isicabucabu sekamela?
Isithombe: Isicabucabu samakamela ogwadule
IBihorki izakhamuzi zasogwadule, ezomile, izindawo ezinamathafa anezulu elishisayo nelishisayo. Kwesinye isikhathi zitholakala ezifundeni ezipholile. Izinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela zama-phalanges ezivumelane nempilo emahlathini. Inombolo enkulu kakhulu igxile eMhlabeni Omdala. Abamele imindeni i-Eremobatidae ne-Ammotrechidae batholakala kuphela eNew World.
Ezweni Elidala, ama-arachnids asatshalaliswa cishe kuyo yonke i-Afrika, ngaphandle kweMadagascar, eNingizimu, Ngaphambili nase-Asia Ephakathi. Naphezu kwezimo zokuphila ezifanele, ama-arthropods awahlali e-Australia naseziQhingini zasePacific.
Imindeni eminingana ihlala ePalaearctic, emibili ekhona eNingizimu Afrika. Le ndawo ibuye ifinyelele eNdiya, eBhutan, eSri Lanka, ePakistan, eNtshonalanga Yurophu - iBalkan neIberia Peninsulas, eGrisi, eSpain. Izimo zokuphila ezingafaneleki azivumeli abantu ukuba bahlale e-Arctic nase-Antarctica.
Ensimini yamazwe ase-USSR yangaphambili, ama-bihorks ahlala kuyo yonke i-Asia Ephakathi - eTajikistan, eTurkmenistan, eKazakhstan, e-Uzbekistan naseKyrgyzstan. Zitholakala eTranscaucasus, eNyakatho Caucasus, eKalmykia, oGwadule lwaseGobi, e-Astrakhan, esifundeni saseLower Volga, eNhlonhlweni YaseCrimea. Ezinye izinhlobo zitholakala ebangeni elingamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezi-3 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
Manje uyazi ukuthi isicabucabu sekamela sitholakalaphi. Ake sithole ukuthi udlani.
Udlani isicabucabu sekamela?
Isithombe: Camel spider, noma phalanx
Lawa ma-arachnids aminzile ngokweqile. Zidla izidalwa eziphilayo ezahlukahlukene kakhulu ezingaziphatha.
Ngokwengxenye enkulu, lezi izinambuzane:
- izicabucabu;
- ama-centipedes;
- ofezela;
- izintwala zezinkuni;
- scolopendra;
- amabhungane amnyama;
- umuhlwa.
Ngaphandle kokuthi izindlala ezinobuthi azikho kuma-salpugs, ama-arthropods angazama ukubulala nezilwane ezincane. Abantu abakhulu bahlasela izibankwa, amaphuphu, namagundane amancane. Lapho ubhekene nofezela abalinganayo, ukunqoba kuvame ukuya ku-phalanx. Izidalwa ngokushesha zibamba inyamazane bese ziyidla nge-chelicera enamandla.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Uma isilwane sinikezwa ukudla okungapheli okungadingeki ukuba kusukelwe, ama-saltpugs azodla ukudla kuze kuqhume isisu. Futhi nangemva kwalokho, bazodla baze bafe ekugcineni.
Emini, izidalwa zicasha ngaphansi kwamatshe, zimba imigodi noma zigobhozele abantu ezingabazi. Abanye abantu basebenzisa izindlu zokukhosela ezifanayo, kanti abanye bafuna indawo yokukhosela entsha isikhathi ngasinye. Ama-arthropod akhangwa yimithombo elula. Imvamisa bayashelela ekukhanyeni kusuka emalilweni omlilo noma izibani.
Ezinye izinhlobo zibizwa ngokuthi ngabahlaseli besidleke. Ebusuku, bangena ngesinyenyela ezindlekeni babulale izinambuzane eziningi. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngezansi kwendlu kumbozwe izinsalela zezinyosi, kanti isicabucabu sekamela silele ngesisu esivuvukele, asikwazi ukuphuma esidlekeni. Ekuseni, izinyosi ezisele ziyamluma zize zife.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Isicabucabu seCamel eCrimea
Ama-Bihorks ahamba kakhulu. Zizingela ikakhulukazi ebusuku, yize kukhona nezinhlobo zasemini. Ebusika, ama-arthropods ayalala, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zingenza njalo phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo. Bathola igama elithi "Scorpion of the Wind" ngokukwazi kwabo ukuhamba ngejubane lamakhilomitha ayi-16 ngehora. Abantu abakhulu bagxuma ngaphezu kwemitha elilodwa.
Lezi zidalwa zinolaka, kepha hhayi zinobuthi nakancane, yize ukulunywa kwazo kungaba kubi. Abantu abakhulu bayakwazi ukuluma ngesikhumba noma ngesipikili somuntu. Uma izinsalela zokubola zezisulu zazo zikhona kokugunyaziwe, zingangena enxebeni zibange ubuthi begazi, noma okungenani ukuvuvukala.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kunokucabanga okuningi okuhlukahlukene ngobuthi bezilwane. Kwaphela amakhulu eminyaka, i-solpuga yathathwa njengeyingozi kakhulu futhi iyingozi empilweni yomuntu.
Isidalwa asibesabi nakancane abantu. Ebusuku, ama-phalanxes angangena kalula etendeni ekukhanyeni kwelambu, ngakho-ke umnyango kufanele uhlale uvaliwe. Futhi lapho ugibela ngaphakathi, kungcono ukubheka futhi ukuthi isilwane asikangeni yini kuwe. Izimpahla zomuntu siqu kufanele futhi zigcinwe etendeni, ngoba i-solpuga, ekhathele ngemuva kokuzingela ebusuku, ingagibela kuzo ukuze iphumule.
Akunakwenzeka ukuxosha i-bihorka ngaphandle kwetende. Unamahloni futhi unenkani, ngakho-ke okusele nje ukumbulala noma ukumshanela ngomshanelo. Konke lokhu kuyathandeka ukwenziwa ngamagilavu amakhulu, futhi kungcono ukufaka amabhulukwe emabhuzwini. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuchoboza isilwane esihlabathini.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Isicabucabu sekamela eRussia
Ngokuqala kwenkathi yokukhwelana, insikazi iqala ukukhipha iphunga elithile, elilephunga lowesilisa ngosizo lwama-pedipalps. Ukukhwelana kwenzeka ebusuku, ngemuva kwalokho owesilisa kufanele asheshe athathe umhlalaphansi, njengoba owesifazane eqala ukukhombisa izimpawu zokuhlukumezeka.
Ama-phalanges abesifazane avundisiwe aminzile ikakhulukazi. Ngesikhathi sokuhlangana, azenzi lutho kangangokuba owesilisa kufanele azihudule. Kepha ekugcineni kwenqubo, abesifazane banamandla amakhulu kangangokuba owesilisa kufanele athwale imilenze yakhe ukuze angabi yisidlwana.
Indoda idedela i-spermatophore enamathele phansi, iqoqwe ne-chelicera bese iyifaka ekuvulekeni kowesifazane. Inqubo ithatha imizuzu eminingana. Ukunyakaza kowesilisa ngesikhathi sokukhwelana akubonakali. Uma inqubo isiqalile, owesilisa ngeke ayiqede, noma ngabe insikazi noma isidoda sisuswa kuye.
Owesifazane ovundisiwe uqala ukondla ngokuqinile, ngemuva kwalokho akhiphe umgodi abeke amaqanda angama-30-200 ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene kuwo. Ukukhula kwemibungu kuqala ngisho nasezikhungweni zamaqanda zabesifazane, ngakho-ke, emva kwamasonto ama-2-3, izicabucabu ezincane zizalwa.
Ekuqaleni, abasha cishe abakwazi ukuhamba, ngaphandle kwezinwele, bembozwe nge-cuticle encane. Ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa, i-molting iyaqala, isibalo siqina, izingane zikhula zigcwele izinwele futhi zenze ukunyakaza kokuqala. Ekuqaleni, insikazi iyayinakekela inzalo, ifuna ukudla kuze kube yilapho amawundlu eba namandla.
Izitha zemvelo zesicabucabu sekamela
Isithombe: Sibukeka kanjani isicabucabu sekamela
I-Shaggy solpug, ihlanganiswe nokunyakaza okusheshayo okubukhali nosayizi omangalisayo, inomphumela owesabekayo ezitheni. Izidalwa zinolaka kangangokuba noma yikuphi ukunyakaza okuzungezile kuthathwa njengengozi. Bakhetha amaqhinga okuhlasela futhi ngokushesha bahlasele isitha.
Lapho zihlangana nezitha, izidalwa zithatha indawo esongelayo: ziphakamisa isigaba sangaphambili bese zibeka phambili izikhonkwane ezivuleke kakhulu, ziphakamise izidladla zangaphambili futhi ziqonde esitheni. Ngasikhathi sinye, bakhala ngokusongela noma batshiyoze kakhulu, benza imisindo ngokuhlikihla i-chelicera komunye nomunye.
Ama-phalanxes anezitha eziningi:
- izicabucabu ezinkulu;
- izibankwa;
- izilwane zasemanzini;
- izimpungushe;
- izimbila;
- amabhere, njll.
Ukuzivikela engozini, ama-arachnids emba imigodi ngokujula okungafika kumasentimitha angama-20, amamitha amaningana ubude. Umnyango ufihliwe ngokuwugcwalisa ngamaqabunga omile. Uma umphikisi emkhulu kakhulu futhi i-solpugi ikungabaza ukunqoba kwabo, ukukwazi ukweqa amabanga amade nokukhuphuka kalula izindawo eziqondile kuyasiza.
Uma zihlaselwa, izidalwa zizoqala ukuzivikela ngonya futhi zisebenzise uzipho olunamandla. Ama-phalanges anethuba elihle lokubhekana nofezela, yize enobuthi futhi uyingozi kakhulu. Izilwane zinolaka ngisho nakomunye nomunye.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Camel spider
Inani lezicabucabu zekamela lilinganiselwa ezinhlotsheni ezingama-700-1000. Akukho datha eqondile ngosayizi wabantu, kepha kweminye iminyaka ikhula kakhulu kangangokuba izixuku zama-solpugs zihlasela ngokoqobo izindlu zomuntu, zingena emafasiteleni ajwayelekile, eminyango nakunoma iyiphi imifantu. Inani labantu liphansi impela. Ukuseshwa kwama-phalanges usuku lonke kuholela ekutholakaleni kwabantu abangaphansi kwabangu-3.
Ku-2018, esifundeni seVolgograd, izilwane zanda kakhulu endaweni yepulazi laseShebalino kangangokuba zesabisa abantu bendawo. I-saltpuga yaseCrimea ivame ukona zonke ezinye izivakashi, inganqikazi ukuhlala phansi emlilweni wekamu. Labo abanethezekile ngesimo esinjalo bayelulekwa ukuba behlise umoya.
Izinto ezisongelayo zifaka phakathi ukucekelwa phansi kwe-biotopes, ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo ezilungele ukuhlalwa, ukulinywa komhlaba wezitshalo, ukondla imfuyo ngokweqile, ukubhujiswa kwesintu ngenxa yokwesaba ukulunywa. Izinyathelo ezinconyiwe zokongiwa zigxile ekongweni kwamasimu, kubandakanya nezindawo zokuhlala.
Isicabucabu sekamela - isidalwa esiyingqayizivele, esinolaka futhi esingesabi. Abesabi ukuhlasela abaphikisi izikhathi ezingama-3-4 ubukhulu babo. Ngokuphambene nazo zonke izinganekwane ezidalwe nxazonke zalezi zilwane, aziyona ingozi kubantu. Uma ukuluma kungagwenywa, kwanele ukugeza isilonda ngensipho elwa namagciwane futhi usiphathe ngesinqandakuvunda.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 01/16/2020
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/15/2019 ngo-17: 14
