IMedvedka yisinambuzane esidla ngokudla omnivorous, esihlukaniswa ngosayizi waso omkhulu nokubukeka kwawo okwesabekayo. Igama elijwayelekile phakathi kwabahlali basehlobo iklabishi. Ibhungane eliyingozi lenza umonakalo omkhulu ezitshalweni, lidla zonke izitshalo ezisendleleni yalo. IMedvedka isabalele ezingadini nasemakhaya asezindlini zasehlobo; kukhethwa inhlabathi enomswakama nefudumele.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: iMedvedka
IMedvedka ingeyizinambuzane ezinkulu. Phakathi kwabantu, ngenxa yothando lweklabishi, wathola isidlaliso esithi iklabishi noma i-earth crayfish. UMedvedka uyilungu lezinombolo eziningana zama-arthropods, izinambuzane ezinamanzi amade, umndeni omkhulu wekhilikithi, umndeni wakwaMedvedka, umndeni omncane waseMedvedka.
Lesi sinambuzane sathola igama laso lesayensi ngenxa yobukhulu baso obukhulu nombala onsundu onsundu. Ukubukeka okwesabisayo kwesinambuzane esikhulu esinezidladla ezinkulu ezinamazwibela kufana nebhere. Endaweni yabo yemvelo, ososayensi babale izinhlobo ezifika ku-110 zomndeni wama-Gryllotalpidae bear, ezifanayo kakhulu ngendlela yokuphila nokubukeka. Izinhlobo zebhere ezivamile zisakazeke kakhulu kuyo yonke iplanethi.
Ividiyo: IMedvedka
IGryllotalpa, igama lebhere ngesiLatini, lihumusha njengekhilikithi lemvukuzane. Lesi sinambuzane sinikezwe imikhuba yemvukuzane, ngoba sichitha isikhathi esiningi sempilo yaso emhlabathini bese singena emhubheni lapho. Kepha ngekhilikithi, bahlanganiswa yikhono lokukhiqiza umsindo ofana nokutshiyoza.
Izici ezihlukile zebhere:
- imvamisa ubude besinambuzane bungu-5 cm, kepha izinhlobo ezinobukhulu obukhulu ziyatholakala;
- ezinambuzaneni, imilenze yangaphambili yakhiwa ngendlela yezinzipho zokumba ezinamandla;
- imvelo inikeze imihlathi enamandla. Aziyona ingozi kubantu;
- ingamba imigodi futhi indize. Indiza kuphela esimweni sezulu esifudumele;
- yenza imisindo yokukhala ngokuhlikihla amaphiko abo ngenkathi yokukhwelana. Ngakho-ke abesilisa baheha abesifazane.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: IMedvedka inamakhono okubhukuda okuhle kakhulu. Uyakwazi ukubhukuda amabanga amade futhi unqobe izithiyo emanzini.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Libukeka kanjani ibhere
Amabhere izinambuzane ezinkulu ngokwanele. Ubude bomzimba wabo bungafinyelela kusuka ku-3.5 kuye ku-5 cm, nobubanzi - kusuka ku-1.1 kuye ku-1.6 cm.Ngaphandle, umzimba webhere upendwe ngombala onsundu ngokuxubana okunsundu, kanti ngaphakathi kuphuzi ngombala onsundu. Umzimba wonke weklabishi umbozwe izinwele ezinhle. Ikhanda lesinambuzane lise-eksisi efanayo nomzimba, okungukuthi, umzimba ukuqhubeka kwawo. Phambi kwekhanda, ibhere linemihlathi enamandla. Eduze kwemihlathi kunamabili ama-tentacles.
Amehlo ebhere anesakhiwo esinezinhlangothi futhi abonakala kahle ekhanda. Ekhanda kunamadevu afana nochungechunge aqhubeka ngemuva emuva emuva. Isimemezelo sebhere yisici esivelele salesi sinambuzane. Inhloko enengxenye engaphambili yomzimba wesinambuzane imbozwe ngegobolondo eliminyene nedivayisi ekhethekile ukuze kucindezelwe futhi kuhlanganiswe umhlaba ngesikhathi sokumba. Isisu sebhere sinobukhulu obukhulu, sicishe sibe yi-1 cm ububanzi. Amapuleti ezitho zangasese nezangasese atholakala engxenyeni yawo engenhla.
Ngokwemvelo, amadada eklabishi awabeki amaqanda. Engxenyeni yokugcina yesisu, amabhere anezengezo ezikhethekile ezifana nezimpondo ezincane ngokubukeka. Zonke izinyosi zinamaphiko amabili wamaphiko. Abesifazane bayehluka kwabesilisa ngemithambo ehlukene emaphikweni. Futhi, kunabantu abangenazo izimpiko, kepha lokhu akuvamile kakhulu. Okubizwa ngokuthi "izindlebe" zebhere, kanye nabanye abantu abangabakwa-subspecies balo, banciphile futhi banwebe, futhi batholakala ezihlokweni zemilenze yangaphambili. Imilenze yangemuva yalesi sinambuzane inezinsipho eziningana futhi yenzelwe ukunyakaza, kanti imilenze yangaphambili inamandla, inezintambo futhi yenzelwe ukumba imisele nemisele.
Uhlala kuphi ibhere?
Isithombe: IMedvedka eRussia
Indawo esihlala kuyo lesi sinambuzane ibanzi impela. IMedvedka ayizithobeki, ukuphela kwento ayesabayo yiqhwa, nogwadule nalo alumfanele. Kuhlala cishe yonke insimu ye-Eurasia ngaphandle kwamazwe aseScandinavia, eNyakatho Afrika, womabili amazwe aseMelika, e-Australia. Kodwa akazange anqobe i-Antarctica nezindawo ezisenyakatho ye-Arctic.
Indawo ekahle yokuhlala ibhere idlelo kanye nesikhukhula somfula. Izinambuzane zithanda izindawo ezimanzi. Imigudu engaphansi komhlaba, amaxhaphozi nemisele yokunisela kuyizindawo ezithandwa kakhulu. Kulula futhi ukuthola ibhere emakhabe nasemikhakheni, nasezindaweni ezahlukaniswa ngamanzi ajulile angaphansi komhlaba.
Noma yiluphi uhlobo lomhlabathi lulungele ibhere, inketho enhle kakhulu inhlabathi evulekile, efudumele futhi emanzi, egcwele umanyolo ophilayo. Ngaphansi komhlaba, lesi sinambuzane simba amaphaseji akha uhlelo lonke olwenza imisebenzi yokuhamba, yokuvikela neyokungenisa umoya.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: IMedvedka imba izimbobo zohlobo lwe-oval olujwayelekile ngokuphelele.
Endaweni enomswakama, ibhere likhasa ngokushesha okukhulu. Kepha uma indawo yokuhlala ingasakwazi ukuhlala kuyo, ibhere liyaphoqeleka ukuthi lithuthele endaweni entsha. Uvame ukuhamba ebusuku emanzini, emhlabathini noma emoyeni.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: UMedvedka uthanda ukuhlala ezinqwabeni zobulongwe. Inketho enhle kakhulu kubo umquba omanzi ofudumele (mullein).
Manje uyazi lapho kuhlala khona ibhere. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Idlani ibhere?
Isithombe: Bear insect
IMedvedka yisinambuzane esidla ubhedu, ngobutha bayo sifana nesikhonyane. Akaludeleli ukhula, izinambuzane ezincane futhi akanamaphiko.
Izici zokudla iMedvedok:
- banomhobholo, okudala ukulimala okukhulu esitshalweni;
- konakalisa ukutshalwa kwamatamatisi, amazambane, iklabishi, imidumba namakhabe;
- ngosuku umuntu ngamunye angadla izitshalo ezingafika ku-15;
- izibungu zidla isivuno abantu abadala ababengenaso isikhathi sokudla.
Amabhere adla zonke izingxenye zezitshalo: impande, ingxenye esemoyeni, imbewu. Ehlathini, isinambuzane sondla izimpande zezithombo ezisencane zezihlahla nezihlahla; ezindlini zokuhlala zasehlobo kudliwa konke ukutshala. Abadeleli ngisho nama-citrus angavamile (amawolintshi, ama-tangerines, ulamula).
Imikhiqizo yokudla eyinhloko yebhere yile:
- imifino: amazambane, iklabishi, utamatisi, ukhukhamba, upelepele, ummbila;
- izitshalo zezitshalo zokusanhlamvu, ubhontshisi, irayisi, i-buckwheat;
- izimpande zezihlahla ezincane: i-apula, i-oki, uphayini, i-cherry.
Umbono wokuthi amabhere adla imifino awuyiphutha. U-40% wokudla kwabo yizinto eziphilayo. Bangadla izikelemu zomhlaba nezinambuzane ezincane, izibungu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: IKapustyanka ingasiza abantu. Iqothula ezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane eziyingozi, njenge-Colorado amazambane beetle.
Ezimweni ezehlukile, ibhere lingadla abantu uma kunendlala enkulu.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Bear beetle
Isinambuzane singahlukaniswa njengesilwane esisebenzayo. Iklabishi liyabhoboza, liyabhukuda futhi lihamba ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukuphela kwento ayenza kancane ukundiza. Ngokuyisisekelo, wenza izindiza ukuthola owesilisa wokukhwelana.
IMedvedka inomkhuba omuhle wendawo yokuhlala. Ngokwemvelo, lokhu kuyizinambuzane zamagundane. UMedvedka uchitha iningi lempilo yakhe ngaphansi komhlaba. Emini, uhlala ngaphansi komhlaba, umba amapaseji ezingxenyeni ezingenhla zenhlabathi, abhubhise wonke amasimu ahlangana naye endleleni. Ebusuku, uza ebusweni ukuze ashintshe indawo yokuhlala yakhe futhi athole imithombo emisha yokudla.
Ekuboneni kokuqala, kunzima ukucacisa ngokunembile ukuthi kukhona ibhere engadini. Kepha uma ufunda inhlabathi ngokuningiliziwe, khona-ke ukuba khona kwezimbobo nama-roller axegisiwe phansi kukhombisa umsebenzi onamandla webhere. Ngenxa yalokho, esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, kuzotshala ukutshala endaweni yayo.
Lapho zifuna ukudla, izinambuzane zingawela izindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba, zindiza emoyeni noma zibhukude. Lesi sinambuzane saphoqeleka ukuba sifunde ukubhukuda, ngoba entwasahlobo amanzi ezikhukhula avame ukugcwala indawo ahlala kuyo. IMedvedka yesaba isithwathwa, ngakho-ke, ebusika, yehla ngemigodi ingene ekujuleni, ihambele ekujuleni kwe-1 m, Lapho, lapho umhlabathi ungabandi khona. Izibungu zebhere zingalala ubusuku obungu-50 cm.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: iMedvedka engadini
Ngemuva kobusika nokuqhamuka emigodini kuya phezulu, isigaba sokuqala sokuzala siqala ngamabhere. Entwasahlobo, sebekhethe umbhangqwana, amabhere abuyela emigodini yawo ukuhlangana. Inzalo ivela ehlobo. Ukulungiselela inzalo yesikhathi esizayo kubhele lowesilisa nowesifazane kuthatha isikhathi esiningi, ngoba bakunakekela ngokweqile lokhu. Lezi zithandani zimba imihubhe emikhulu ebunjiwe ekujuleni okungaba ngamasentimitha amahlanu ngaphansi komhlaba, futhi zakha izidleke eziyindilinga ezinobubanzi obufinyelela kumasentimitha ayishumi, lapho, ngemuva kwalokho, insikazi izalela amaqanda, isuka ezingcezwini ezingamakhulu amathathu iye kumakhulu ayisithupha.
Ngaso sonke isikhathi ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwamaqanda, insikazi ayishiyi isidleke, iyayinakekela. Ibuyisa izindima eziwile, izihlanze kusuka ezimpandeni, futhi ilawula nokushisa okudingekayo kumaqanda. Yonke le nqubo ibaluleke kakhulu enzalweni yebhere yesikhathi esizayo. Amaqanda ebhere ngaphandle afana nezinhlamvu zamabele, azingilizi, aphuzi anombala ompunga futhi cishe ngamasentimitha amabili ngosayizi. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingamashumi amabili, izibungu ziyaqandusela, ezifana nezidalwa ezincane ezinemilenze eyisithupha empunga. Izibungu zincane, noma kunjalo.
Kepha ngaphandle ifana nabantu abadala. Ngemuva kokuzalwa izinsuku ezingamashumi amabili kuya kwamashumi amathathu, ibhere lensikazi, njengoba kufanele umama, liyawanakekela amawundlu futhi liwavikele. Ekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi, insikazi iyafa, bese kuthi abantu asebekhulile nabakheke sebhere bakhase emigodini bese beqala impilo yokuzimela. Ukusuka enkonyane kuya ekubeni mdala ngokuphelele, inqubo yokuvuthwa ithatha unyaka owodwa kuya kwemibili nesigamu.
Izitha zemvelo zebhere
Isithombe: Libukeka kanjani ibhere
Izitha eziyinhloko zalesi sinambuzane yizinyoni, kodwa akuzona zonke ezingathola ibhere ngaphansi komhlaba. Kepha ama-rook angakwenza. Ukuze benze lokhu, banomlomo onamandla, ngosizo lwabo abadwengula ibhere nezibungu zabo. Ama-Starlings nama-hoopoes nawo ayakwazi ukuzingela amabhere. Ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi, unogolantethe uyisitha esiyinhloko salesi sinambuzane.
Amabhere asaba nezinye izilwane:
- i-hedgehog;
- izibhamu;
- imvukuzane;
- izibankwa.
Ezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane nazo zenza umsebenzi omuhle wokucekela phansi inani lamabhere:
- izintuthwane eziqeda amaqanda ebhere;
- ibhungane lomhlabathi elidla izibungu.
Umenzeli we-causative wezifo zefungal unengozi ethile kubantu besibalo. Esinye salezi zifo sidalwa yiBeaveria bassiana, ukhunta we-entomopathogenic okhula emzimbeni webhere futhi, ukhipha ubuthi, ubangela ukufa kwesinambuzane.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: IMedvedka iba ngumthwali wamaqanda kaLarra omnyovu. Ukwenza lokhu, umnyovu ukhipha lesi sinambuzane emgodini, ulume, ukhubaze ibhere, bese ubeka iqanda emzimbeni walo. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, ibhere liyavuka libuyele emgodini walo. Kancane kancane, isibungu somnyovu sidla ibhere ngaphakathi.
Izilwane ezifuywayo, ikakhulukazi amakati, nazo azinqikazi ukudla amabhere. Zizingela izinambuzane njengamagundane. Abantu abagcini ngokuqothula ibhere, ngoba balimaza izitshalo zezolimo. Amanye ama-foodies adla izinambuzane. Zisitshulu, zithosiwe futhi zenziwa namanzi. IMedvedok isetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwemithi. Ibhere elichoboziwe lengezelwa emithini yesifo sofuba.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: iMedvedka
IMedvedka isakazeke cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba. Okuhlukile yizindawo eziwugwadule nezasenyakatho. Lolu hlobo lwesinambuzane luthanda izindawo ezimanzi, aluzithandi izindawo ezibandayo nezomile. Ngakho-ke, abahlali ogwadule nase-Arctic.
Izindawo zokuhlala zezinhlobo zezinambuzane ezivame kakhulu:
- Ibhere elivamile lingatholakala ezingxenyeni zaseNtshonalanga neziphakathi nezwekazi laseYurophu;
- Ibhere elineminwe eyishumi lingatholakala emazweni aseNyakatho Melika;
- I-Afrika noma iMpumalanga iMedvedka ihlala eNyakatho Afrika naseNingizimu-East Eurasia, eNingizimu Melika;
- iFar Eastern Medvedka yazinza ezindaweni zaseMpumalanga Ekude naseChina.
Ensimini yaseRussia, isinambuzane singatholakala cishe yonke indawo. Yizifunda ezisenyakatho yezwe kuphela ezingahlali muntu. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, inani lamabhere lisabalele emazweni ase-Asia; izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo zihlala lapha. Akubona bonke abafundile okwamanje. Inani elikhulu lamazinyane ebhere lisendaweni yezolimo. Ukuze kunqunywe ubukhulu bezinambuzane ngokunembe ngangokunokwenzeka, abalimi baphula inhlabathi ngoMashi.
Entwasahlobo, lapho isithwathwa sibuyela emuva futhi inhlabathi ifudumele ize ifike okungenani ku-10 ° C, lesi sinambuzane siphumela ezingxenyeni ezingenhla zenhlabathi. Kungale nkathi yesikhathi lapho ungahlola khona ngempela izinga losongo oluvela kubalo lamabhere bese uthatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokuwehlisa. IMedvedka yisihlobo esikude sentethe nezinkumbi. Izimbangela zombili izingozi ezitshalweni zezolimo, ukudla izitshalo nezinzuzo. Akaqedi nje ezinye izinambuzane eziyingozi, kepha futhi ukhulula umhlaba, ngaleyo ndlela awugcwalise nge-oxygen. Lesi yisinambuzane esingenakuzithoba, inqwaba yezinhlobo zazo ezinabantu abaningi cishe kuyo yonke iplanethi.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 01/11/2020
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/14/2019 ngo-11: 51
