Uma uvula umcabango wakho bese uqoqa ngokwengqondo zonke izinyoni ezinhle kakhulu noma ezingaphansi komncintiswano wonobuhle, khona-ke kunamathuba amaningi okuthi ophumelele phakathi kwabo azoba Imagpie eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka... Futhi kungenxa yokuthi le nyoni inokubukeka okugqame kakhulu futhi okungavamile ngezimpaphe ezimpunga ezishunqayo emzimbeni, izimpiko eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomsila, kanye nekepisi elimnyama ekhanda layo. Zonke lezi zici zenza abantu bacabange ukuthi imagpie eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iyona nyoni yenjabulo engabonakali wonke umuntu.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Blue Magpie
Imagpie eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (iCyanopica cyana) iyinyoni ejwayelekile emndenini "wamagwababa" (Corvidae), ngaphandle ifana kakhulu nemagpie ejwayelekile (emnyama nomhlophe), ngaphandle kosayizi omncane omncane nombala wezimpaphe ohehayo.
Ubude bomzimba wayo bufinyelela ku-35 cm, amaphiko ayo ingama-45 cm, kanti isisindo sayo siyi-76-100 gram. Njengoba sekushiwo, ngokubukeka nangokomthethosisekelo, imagpie eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ifana nemagpie ejwayelekile, ngaphandle kokuthi umzimba wayo, uqhwaku nezidladla kufushane ngandlela thile.
Ividiyo: Blue Magpie
Izimpaphe zengxenye ephezulu yekhanda lenyoni, ngemuva kwekhanda futhi ngokwengxenye indawo ezungeze amehlo zimnyama. Isifuba esingenhla nomphimbo kumhlophe. Ingemuva lemagpie linombala onsundu onsundu noma okhanyayo ngethinti elincane lentuthu elibheke kwimpunga. Izimpaphe ezisemaphikweni nasemsileni zine-azure noma umbala ogqamile ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umsila wale nyoni mude kakhulu - u-19-20 cm.Uqhwaku, yize lufushane, luqinile. Ama-paw nawo amafushane, amnyama.
Izimpaphe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezisemaphikweni nasemsileni zivame ukucwebezela futhi zicwebezele ilanga. Ekukhanyeni okungekuhle (kusihlwa) noma izulu elinamafu, ukukhanya kuyanyamalala, futhi inyoni iba mpunga futhi ingabonakali. Endle, imagpie eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iphila iminyaka eyi-10-12. Ekuthunjweni, ubude bempilo yakhe bungaba bude. Le nyoni kulula ukuyithambisa nokuyiqeqesha.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani imagpie eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Imagpie eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iyinyoni emikhulu kancane kunenkanyezi. Ekuboneni kokuqala, ufana kakhulu nemagpie ejwayelekile omnyama nomhlophe. Ngendlela ebukeka ngayo, iyehluka esihlotsheni sayo ngesigqoko esimnyama esicwebezelayo ekhanda, umzimba ompunga noma onsundu, umsila ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka namaphiko. Umphimbo, izihlathi, isifuba nethiphu yomsila wale nyoni kumhlophe, isisu simnyama ngandlela thile, siqhakaza ngokunsundu, uqhwaku nemilenze kumnyama.
Izimpiko ze-magpie eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zinesakhiwo esijwayelekile ngokuphelele somndeni wamagwababa, kepha umbala wezimpaphe zawo awujwayelekile - okukhanyayo okwesibhakabhaka noma i-azure, iridescent, ekhanya elangeni futhi kufiphele, kucishe kungabonakali ekukhanyeni okuphansi. Kungenxa yalesi sici lapho imagpie eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yaqanjwa khona. Ezinganekwaneni nasezinganekwaneni eziningi ezindala, imagpie eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ibizwa ngokuthi i-bluebird yenjabulo. Izimpisi ezincane eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zithola umbala nokubukeka kwabantu abadala ezineminyaka engama-4-5 izinyanga.
Izimpisi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yizinyoni ezinobungane kakhulu. Cishe azikaze zindize zodwa, kepha njalo zama ukugcina imihlambi emikhulu futhi ugweme abantu. Ngemikhuba yabo, imikhuba yabo kanye nobuntu babo, zifana kakhulu nezimpisi ezijwayelekile - eziqaphile, ezihlakaniphile, kepha, ezingabavimbeli ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi babonise ilukuluku.
Ihlala kuphi imagpie eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka?
Isithombe: Blue magpie eRussia
Ama-blue magpies ahlala cishe kuyo yonke i-Southeast Asia. Indawo ephelele yendawo yokuhlala ingamamitha-skwele ayizigidi eziyi-10. km. I-International Union of Ornithologists ithambekele ekuhlukaniseni izinhlobo ezingaphansi kwezingu-7 zalezi zinyoni ezihlala eMongolia (enyakatho-mpumalanga) nasezifundazweni eziyi-7 eChina, eJapan naseKorea, eManchuria naseHong Kong. ERussia, kunabantu abangamashumi amane eMpumalanga Ekude, eTransbaikalia (esifundeni esiseningizimu).
I-subspecies yesishiyagalombili yama-magpies aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - iCyanopica cyana cooki inesigaba esithile esiphikisanayo futhi ihlala e-Iberia (Iberia) Peninsula (Portugal, Spain). Eminyakeni yamuva nje, le nyoni iye yabonwa naseJalimane.
Ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule, ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi imagpie yalethwa eYurophu amatilosi amaPutukezi ngekhulu le-16. Ngo-2000, izinsalela zalezi zinyoni ezingaphezu kweminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezingama-40 ubudala zatholwa esiqhingini saseGibraltar. Lokhu okutholakele kuwuphikise ngokuphelele umbono osunesikhathi eside ubanjiwe. Ngo-2002, abacwaningi abavela e-Institute of Genetics e-University of Nottingham bathola umehluko wezakhi zofuzo phakathi kwabantu bezimpisi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezitholakala e-Asia naseYurophu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi yeqhwa, onogwaja abaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka babevame kakhulu ensimini ye-Eurasia yanamuhla futhi babemele uhlobo olulodwa.
Ama-blue magpies akhetha ukuhlala emahlathini, akhetha ama-massifs anezihlahla ezide, kepha ngokufika kwempucuko angatholakala ezingadini nasemapaki, ezihlahleni zika-eucalyptus. EYurophu, le nyoni ihlala emahlathini e-coniferous, emahlathini e-oki nasezihlahleni zeminqumo.
Manje uyazi lapho i-magpie eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka itholakala khona. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Idlani imagpie eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka?
Isithombe: Blue magpie indiza
Ekudleni, ama-magpies aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka awakhethi kakhulu futhi abhekwa njengezinyoni ezi-omnivorous. Ngokuvamile badla amajikijolo ahlukahlukene, imbewu yezitshalo, amantongomane, ama-acorn. Enye yezinto ezithandwa izinyoni ngama-alimondi, ngakho-ke zingabonakala kaningi ezingadini noma ezihlahleni lapho kunezihlahla eziningi ze-alimondi.
Futhi ukudla okudumile kwabangamashumi amane yikho:
- izinambuzane ezahlukene;
- izibungu;
- amacimbi;
- amagundane amancane;
- izilwane zasemanzini.
Izimpungushe zizingela amagundane nezilwane eziphila nasemanzini phansi, nezinambuzane zibanjwa ngobuciko obuhle otshanini, emagatsheni ezihlahla, noma zisuswe ngaphansi kwegxolo ngosizo lomlomo wazo nezidladla ezinamahlombe.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kwi-magpie eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanye nakwisihlobo sayo esimnyama nomhlophe, isici esinjengokweba sibaluleke kakhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinyoni zingakwazi ukweba kalula izicupho zombili ogibeni noma kwesinye isicupho, nezinhlanzi kumdobi.
Ebusika, lapho kunezimbewu ezimbalwa kakhulu nezilwane ezidliwayo ehlathini, izimpungushe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zingamba isikhathi eside ezitsheni zikadoti nasezindlini zokulahla udoti zifuna okudla. Lapho, ukudla kwabo kungalahlwa isinkwa, ushizi, izingcezu zezinhlanzi nemikhiqizo yenyama. Ezikhathini ezinzima kakhulu, onogwaja abazideleli izidumbu. Futhi onogwaja, kanye nezinye izinyoni, bangaba izivakashi ezivamile zabaphakeli, ezihlelwe ukuze zibasize baphile ebusika.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Bird blue magpie
Amagundane aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka anezwi elicacile, ngakho-ke ukukhuphuka okukhulu kubo cishe kuyinto ejwayelekile. Izinyoni zihola ngendlela yokuphila ethulile neyimfihlo kuphela ngesikhathi sokufukamela nokondla inzalo. AmaMagpies akhetha ukuhlala emihlanjini emincane, inani lakhona elixhomeke kwisizini. Isibonelo, kusukela ekwindla kuya entwasahlobo kungamabhangqa angama-20-25, kanti ehlobo - ngazimbili ezi-8-10 kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibanga eliphakathi kwezidleke zabo lincane kakhulu - amamitha ayi-120-150, kanti amanye amalungu omhlambi angahlala endaweni yakhona - esihlahleni esisodwa.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ama-magpies aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka awavamisile ukuxhumana ngokusondelana kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngezikhathi zobungozi, izimvukuzane zihlukaniswa ngokusizana okuphawulekayo. Izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa kwakukhona amacala lapho izinyoni eziqoqiwe ezine-hubbub nempi zixosha umhlaseli (i-hawk, ikati lasendle, i-lynx) esidlekeni somhlambi wakubo, cishe zakhipha amehlo akhe.
Abantu abahlukile kulokhu. Lapho umuntu esondela endaweni yabo, onogwaja baphakamisa ukukhala, baqala ukumzungeza futhi bangaze bakhombe nasekhanda. Amagundane aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ayimizulane futhi ahlala phansi. Mayelana nalokhu, konke kuncike endaweni yokuhlala, ukutholakala kokudla nezimo zezulu. Isibonelo, ebusika obubanda kakhulu, zingathutha amakhilomitha angama-200-300 ziye eningizimu.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ngenxa yokuthi bathanda ukweba, imvukuzane eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ivame ukuwela ezingibeni ezizama ukukhipha isicupho.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ama-magpies aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Isikhathi sokukhwelana ezimibalabala eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka siqala ekupheleni kobusika. Imidanso yabo yokukhwelana ivamise ukwenzeka phansi noma emagatsheni aphansi ezihlahla. Ngasikhathi sinye, abesilisa bahlangana ngamaqembu amakhulu, okukhombisa ukuba khona kwabo ngokukhala okukhulu. Lapho ishela, owesilisa, uphephezelisa umsila nezimpiko, anqekuzise ikhanda ngesibindi, azungeze insikazi, azibonakalise enkazimulweni yakhe yonke futhi ambonise ukumncoma.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Izithandani ezingamashumi amane zikhethelwa impilo yonke.
Umbhangqwana oshadile wakha isidleke ndawonye, usebenzisa zonke izindlela ezikhona zalokhu:
- amagatsha amancane omile;
- izinaliti;
- utshani obomile;
- ubulembu.
Ukusuka ngaphakathi, izinyoni zivimba isidleke ngawo wonke umuntu: phansi, izinwele zezilwane, amadlavu, izingcezu ezincane zephepha. Izinyoni azisebenzisi izidleke zazo ezindala, kodwa njalo zakha ezintsha. Imvamisa isidleke sibekwa esihlalweni somuthi egatsheni elijiyile elingama-static ekuphakameni kuka-5-15, futhi ukuphakama kuba ngcono. Ukujula kwayo kungu-8-10 cm, ububanzi bayo bungu-25-30 cm.
Abesifazane babeka amaqanda ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Ku-clutch eyodwa yama-magpies aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kuvamise ukuba khona amaqanda anamabala we-beige abunjiwe ngokungajwayelekile, ubukhulu bezigwaca noma athe xaxa kancane. Abesifazane babafukamela izinsuku eziyi-14-17, okuqukethwe yiminikelo ejwayelekile evela kwabalingani bomshado abakhathalelayo. Futhi, abesilisa ngalesi sikhathi benza indima yokuhlanza izintokazi, bephethe indle yabesifazane kude nezidleke. Amachwane achamusela ngokuthula. Zimbozwe yimfucumfucu emnyama futhi uqhwaku lwazo aluphuzi, njengamachwane amaningi, kepha lubomvana ngokubomvana.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izimpisi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zondla amaphuphu azo amahlandla ayisithupha ngehora, noma kaningi.
Ukufika kwabazali ngokudla (izinambuzane ezincane, amacimbi, izibungu, ama-midge) amatshwele ahlala abingelela ngokukhala okujabulisayo. Uma kuvela ingozi encane kakhulu, lapho kusayina abazali, amaphuphu ancipha ngokushesha. Amachwane ashiya isidleke eneminyaka engama-3-4. Ekuqaleni zindiza kabi kakhulu ngenxa yamaphiko azo amancane nomsila omfushane. Ngalesi sizathu, amaphuphu aseduze kwesidleke cishe amasonto amabili, futhi abazali bawo bayawondla sonke lesi sikhathi. Lapho inezinyanga ezi-4-5 ubudala, abasha bathola umbala wabantu abadala, kepha ekuqaleni amaphuphu abukeka amnyama kakhulu kunabangane bawo abadala.
Izitha zemvelo zamagpies aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani imagpie eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Amagundane aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yizinyoni eziqaphe kakhulu, kepha ukuthambekela kwawo okwebiwa kwemvelo kuvame ukudlala ihlaya elibi nawo. Into ukuthi lapho bezama ukweba isicupho ogibeni noma ogibeni olubekwe abazingeli, izinyoni zivame ukuba yizisulu zazo uqobo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inyoni ebanjwe ogibeni ingumoya wekati lasendle, i-lynx nezinye izinyoni. Futhi, lezi zidliwayo zingabhubhisa kalula izidleke ezingamashumi amane ukuze zizitike ngamaqanda amasha noma amatshwele amancane. Lapho indiza, izimpimpi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zingazingelwa oKlebe, izinkozi, izinkozi, ama-buzzards, izikhova zokhozi, izikhova ezinkulu.
Kumatshwele ashiye ngokulambisa esidlekeni futhi engakafundi ukundiza kahle, ama-martens, ama-weasel nezinyoka ezinkulu (ezindaweni ezishisayo) baba yingozi enkulu. Ngenxa yokubukeka kwazo okukhangayo nekhono lokufunda elisheshayo, izimvukuzane eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ziyinto efunwa kakhulu ezitolo zezilwane. Ngenxa yalokhu, babanjwa ikakhulukazi ngobuningi futhi bavame ukulimala.
Kunezinzuzo ezithile zokuphila ekuthunjweni kwama-blue magpies. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, uma endalweni izinyoni zivame ukuhlala iminyaka eyi-10-12, bese kuthi ekuthunjweni isikhathi sokuphila kwazo siphindwe kabili. Izimpisi kuphela ezingasho uma zidinga impilo entofontofo, engenazinkinga futhi eyondlekile ngaphandle kwekhono lokwelula amaphiko azo futhi zindiza lapho zithanda khona?
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Blue Magpie
Imagpie eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iyisibonelo esivamile sesimo se-zoogeographic. Kungani? Ukuthi nje indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwayo ihlukaniswe yaba yizinhlobo ezimbili zabantu, ezisendaweni ekude kakhulu komunye nomunye (ama-9000 km).
Ngasikhathi sinye, eyodwa itholakala eYurophu (eningizimu-ntshonalanga) e-Iberia (Iberia) Peninsula (1 subspecies), kanti enye, eningi kakhulu, itholakala e-Southeast Asia (7 subspecies). Imibono yososayensi ngalolu daba yayihlukanisiwe futhi abanye bakholelwa ukuthi esikhathini esiphakeme indawo yokuhlala le magpie eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yahlanganisa yonke indawo kusukela oLwandle iMedithera kuya e-East Asia. I-Ice Age idale ukuhlukaniswa kwabantu kwaba izingxenye ezimbili.
Ngokusho komunye umbono, kukholakala ukuthi inani labantu baseYurophu abalona elasendaweni, kepha balethwa ezweni elingaphezu kweminyaka engama-300 edlule ngamatilosi amaPutukezi. Kodwa-ke, leli phuzu lokubuka lingaphansi kokungabaza okukhulu, ngoba ama-subspecies aseYurophu ama-blue magpies achazwa ekuqaleni kuka-1830 futhi kakade ngaleso sikhathi ayenomehluko omkhulu kusuka kwamanye ama-subspecies.
Lokhu kwaqinisekiswa yizifundo ezintsha zofuzo zabantu baseYurophu, ezenziwa ngonyaka we-2002, okufakazela ukuthi kusadingeka ukuthi ihlukaniswe ibe uhlobo oluhlukile - iCyanopica cooki. Ngokocwaningo lwakamuva olwenziwe yi-European Bird Census Council, zombili izibalo zezimpisi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ziningi impela, zizinzile futhi azikudingi ukuvikelwa okwamanje.
Njengoba sekushiwo, Imagpie eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngumlingiswa ophambili wezinganekwane, izinganekwane nezingoma zezizwe eziningi. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, okhokho bethu babekholelwa ukuthi uma umuntu ekwazi ukubona inyoni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okungenani kanye empilweni yakhe, ukuyithinta, khona-ke injabulo nenhlanhla kuzohlala kuye njalo. Manje lokhu kudukiswa kudala, ngoba abathandi bezilwane zasendle kudala bazi ukuthi inyoni enjalo ihlala emhlabeni wangempela futhi ayihlangene nenjabulo nokugcwaliseka kwezifiso.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 12/20/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/10/2019 ngo-20: 16
