Ruff- inhlanzi ejwayelekile kakhulu etholakala emanzini acwebile emifula namachibi eRussia, lapho phansi kunesihlabathi noma kunamadwala. Inhlanzi idume ngemigogodla. Lezi zihlobo eziseduze ze-perch, ngesikhathi esifanayo ezinezici ezigqamile ezihlukile. Zisetshenziswa ngenkuthalo embonini yokudoba ngenxa yokunambitheka kwazo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Ruff
Ama-Ruffs asesigabeni sezinhlanzi ezenzelwe i-ray. Bangabomndeni wentsimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, babhekwa njengomunye wabamele abavamile kakhulu kulesi sigaba. Izinhlanzi zamanzi ahlanzekile ezihlala emanzini amaningi aseYurophu, kanye nase-Asia Ephakathi.
Kuyisiko ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezi-4 kuphela zama-ruffs:
- ezejwayelekile;
- don;
- ezimthende;
- IsiCzech.
Ividiyo: Ruff
Izinhlobo ezimbili kuphela zokuqala ezitholakala endaweni yaseRussia. Kusatshalaliswe kulo lonke elaseRussia, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni emaphakathi. Izinhlobo zasebusika zithakazelisa ngokukhethekile.
Lokhu kwenzeka ngezigaba eziningana:
- Ama-ruffs athola indawo emanzini angajulile, lapho kukhona khona umgodi, i-whirlpool, ukucindezeleka;
- ngaphambi kokuba idamu liqale ukubopha iqhwa, lisemanzini angajulile, lihamba kancane liye emaphethelweni omgodi;
- ngeqhwa lokuqala, ama-ruffs ashibilika angene emgodini futhi afakwa emigqeni;
- kancane kancane inhlanzi iyenqaba ngokuphelele ukudla ize incibilike.
Uma idamu lingabandi, ama-ruffs angaqhubeka nokuphakela, kepha hhayi ngokusebenza njengakwezinye izikhathi zonyaka.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ngabe i-ruff ibukeka kanjani
Abanye babheka i-ruff njengento endala kakhulu ngokubukeka. Eqinisweni, lokhu akunjalo neze. Abamele lolu hlobo banezici zabo zobuntu (ngisho nangaphandle kwameva). Inhlobo ngayinye nayo inezici zayo ezihlukile. Imvamisa ama-ruffs aluhlaza-mpunga namabala ansundu ezinhlangothini. Umzimba we-ruff mfushane futhi ucindezelwe ezinhlangothini. Ukuphakama komzimba we-ruff ngokwesilinganiso kulingana nengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zobude bomzimba wayo.
Imihlathi ye-ruff ifakwe amazinyo afana ne-bristle, ama-canines awekho. Ikhanda liphela ngomlomo osicaba omncane. "Ikhadi lokuvakasha" le-ruff ngameva. Zitholakala kumaphiko we-pectoral, dorsal kanye ne-anal. Ngokwesilinganiso, i-ruff ingakhula ifike ku-19 cm, kanti isisindo sayo asidluli ku-300 gram. Kweminye imithombo, ungathola imininingwane ukuthi bekukhona ukubanjwa kwabantu ngabanye kuze kufike ku-30 cm ubude futhi kube nesisindo esifinyelela ku-0.5 kg.
Cishe zonke izinhlobo zama-ruffles zinokubukeka okufanayo. Umehluko omkhulu usemingceleni emincane kuphela. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukuvela kwama-ruffs amthende, anemivimbo yesici ezinhlangothini, kugqame kakhulu.
Kunezici eziningana ezengeziwe zezici zalezi zinhlanzi:
- ikhanda elikhulu, ivolumu yalo efinyelela kwengxenye yesithathu yomzimba;
- ikhanda elimnyama namaphiko;
- iris eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yamehlo acacile;
- amaphiko asemaceleni akhanyayo;
- imisipha eyengeziwe emithanjeni engavuleka uma inhlanzi izwa ingozi.
Zonke izici zokubonakala kwama-ruffs zihlotshaniswa nendawo yazo yokuhlala, futhi ziyadingeka futhi ukuqinisekisa izinga elifanele lokuvikelwa.
Uhlalaphi lo ruff?
Isithombe: Ruff emanzini
Ama-Ruffs ahlala kuphela emanzini ahlanzekile. Abangeni nhlobo olwandle. Abamele lolu hlobo bakhetha ukuhlala ezansi. Ngokufanelekile, bathola amanzi ajulile lapho amanzi acace kakhulu. Eduze nobuso bechibi, cishe azilingani. Izindawo ezinomsinga osheshayo azihehi ama-ruffs. Ngaphezu kwalokho bazama ukuthola izindawo ezizolile lapho amanzi ebanda khona.
Izinhlanzi azizithobisi ngokwezimo zokuphila. Ama-Ruffs angaphila ngokuphelele ngisho nasemifuleni engcoliswe imfucuza emadolobheni - lokhu akulithinti nakancane izinga lempilo yabo, uma ukungcola kungaphakathi. Okubaluleke kakhulu empilweni ejwayelekile yama-ruffs yi-oxygen eyanele emanzini. Kungakho izinhlanzi zingahlali emanzini amile nhlobo. Kepha ama-ruffs athanda amachibi namachibi anamanzi agobhozayo, ancamela ukuhlala lapho asondele ezansi.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke, ama-ruffs athanda amanzi abandayo. Ngokuqala kwehlobo, baphoqeleka ukuthi babheke izindawo ezibandayo, noma inhlanzi iba yingozi kakhulu, ihamba kancane. Lokhu kwenzeka uma amanzi efudumala aze afike ngaphezu kwama-20 degrees Celsius. Ekwindla, lapho iqhwa liqala ukwakheka nje, futhi entwasahlobo, i-ruff ingahlala emanzini angajulile. Isikhathi esisele, kuyashisa kakhulu kuye lapho. Ebusika, ama-ruffs aya ekujuleni okukhulu futhi achitha sonke isikhathi sasebusika lapho.
Ngaphezu kwezinga lokushisa kwamanzi, ukungabekezelelani kokukhanya okukhanyayo kuphoqa umhlwenga ukuba uhlale eduze nezansi. Abamele lolu hlobo bathanda ubumnyama. Lokhu kuhlobene nokuthi izindawo ezithandwa kakhulu ngama-ruffs yiziphepho, amabhange amakhulu, izinkuni ze-driftwood. Ama-Ruffs awahambeli amabanga amade.
Manje uyazi ukuthi i-ruff itholakala kuphi. Ake sibone ukuthi le nhlanzi idlani.
Yini edliwa yi-ruff?
Isithombe: Ruff fish
Ama-Ruffs yizilwane ezidla ezinye. Abalokothi badle ukudla kwezitshalo. Ngokuyinhloko, ama-ruffs adla ama-crustaceans amancane, kanye nezibungu zezinambuzane. Kepha okuyingozi kakhulu emvelweni ngokujwayelekile ukuthi ama-ruffs angadla i-caviar, abafana kanye nezinye izinhlanzi ezincane zokudla. Ngenxa yalokhu, zingadala ingozi enkulu kwabanye abantu.
Uma kunama-ruffs amaningi kakhulu echibini, lokhu kubeka ingozi kwezinye izinhlobo ezihlala lapho. Lawa ama-benthophages - izidalwa ezidla kakhulu izakhamuzi ze-benthic. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, kwezinye izimo, zingadla izinambuzane eziwela ebusweni bamanzi. Ikakhulukazi kaningi izinambuzane ezinjalo ziqoqwa ngabathosi nabantu abasha, abangakakwazi ukuzingela izinhlanzi ezinkulu.
Ngokuvamile, ukukhetha ukuthi hlobo luni lokudla ozoludla kuncike ikakhulukazi ngosayizi wenhlanzi. Ama-Rotifers angukudla okuyinhloko kwama-ruffs asanda kuzalwa. Ukudla okukhudlwana kwama-crustaceans amancane, i-daphnia, i-cyclops, ne-bloodworms. Ama-ruffs amancane, asekhulile athanda izikelemu noma izingwe. Kepha abantu abadala abadala bathanda nje ukuzingela izinhlanzi ezincane.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ama-Ruffs anamandla kakhulu. Zondla unyaka wonke, kufaka phakathi nobusika, lapho cishe zonke ezinye izinhlobo zikhetha ukweqa ukudla. Kungakho ukukhula kwama-ruffs kuqhubeka njalo.
Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, into enzima kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi ukuthola nje ukudla ukuze bazondle, ngoba empeleni abazizwa besuthi. Kepha ngenxa yendlela yabo yokuphila esebenzayo, ama-ruffs awajwayele ukukhuluphala njengezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi. URuff uzingela kakhulu konke kusihlwa - kuyasiza kakhulu ekufuneni ukudla kwalezi zinhlanzi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: URuff angazingela ebumnyameni ngokuphelele. Akadingi ukubona ukuze afune inyamazane. Ummeleli wabantu unentambo esecaleni ethuthukisiwe ebamba ngisho nokushintshashintsha okuncane kakhulu emanzini, okusiza ekuboneni ukusondela kwesisulu ngisho nakude.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ruff eRussia
URuff uthanda amanzi apholile. Lapho amanzi echibini efudumala kakhulu, aya emlonyeni wemifudlana noma acashe ngaphansi kwamagobongo. Lapho angalinda ihlobo lonke uma ehlala emanzini angajulile. Omunye ongawathandi amanzi afudumele uhlala lapho - i-mormysh, okuvele kube ukudla okuyinhloko kwe-ruff ngalesi sikhathi. Uma kungenzeka, ehlobo angashiya amachibi asembhedeni womfula aye lapho edamini elilandelayo, lapho-ke athole khona ichibi elijule kakhulu, ukuze alinde ihlobo ngaphansi kwalo.
Uma kunesidingo, i-ruff nayo ingahlala ezindaweni zamanje ezisheshayo. Kepha, njengobuningi bezinye izinhlanzi ezingezansi, lapho uzama ukuthanda uhlobo oluthile lwe-snag, itshe elikhulu, uthango ukuze acashe ngemuva kwalo futhi azizwe ekhululekile endaweni enjalo eyimfihlo. Ngokuvamile, ama-ruffs ayizinhlanzi ezinokuthula impela. Bazwana kahle phakathi kwabantu abaningi. Noma ngihlala endaweni eyodwa yeminyaka eyahlukene nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene bama-ruff, awangqubuzani futhi awancintisani. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, endaweni yokuhlala yabantu abakhaliphile, ngaphandle kwe-burbot, kuyaqabukela ukuthi umuntu azwane. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ama-ruffs namanje ayizilwane.
Ama-Ruffs ngokuvamile awathandi ukushintsha indawo ahlala kuyo. Ngokuvamile, azibonakali ngokufuduka. Benza lokhu ngenkani kuphela, lapho amanzi efudumala aze afike ezingeni elibucayi. Kulokhu, ama-ruffs ahambela kwezinye izindawo efuna umsinga opholile. Lapho kudlula ihlobo nasekwindla kufika, ama-ruffs aqala ukuhlangana ngenkuthalo, ekhetha indawo yokuhlala ngokwabo nenani elanele lokudla. Ngendlela, ngalesi sikhathi baba yizisulu ezilula, ngakho-ke ukubanjwa okuyinhloko kwama-ruffs kuphakathi nekwindla.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izinhlanzi ezinkulu zishiya ubusika phansi kwamachibi ngaphambi kwezinhlanzi ezisencane.
Ukuntywila kusenesikhathi kuyisilinganiso esidingekayo. Kwenzeka ukuthi imimoya enamandla iphose ama-ruff emhlabeni, ebingenasikhathi sokushiya amanzi angajulile ajule.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ruff emfuleni
Ama-Ruffs ahlala njalo efuna ukuzala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Emachibini noma emachibini, lokhu kwenzeka ekuqaleni kokuncibilika kweqhwa. Kepha emifuleni - kuze kube nezikhukhula. Cishe ukuphela kukaMashi-ukuqala kuka-Ephreli kungukuqala kokuzala. Ama-ruffs awanakho ukulungiselela okukhethekile kwalesi sigaba. Bangazala ngokuphelele kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yedamu. Ama-Ruffs azala ebusuku noma okungenani kusihlwa. Phambilini, izinhlanzi bezigcwele ezikoleni zabantu abayizinkulungwane eziningana abavuthiwe ngokocansi.
Owesifazane oyedwa ngasikhathi sinye angabeka amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezingama-50-100, axhunywe ulwelwesi olulodwa lwamafinyila. Amatshe, ulwelwe noma izinkuni ezikhukhulwayo, kanye nokunye okungahambi kahle ezansi kuyindawo ekahle yokunamathisela amaqanda. Fry dweba emva cishe 2 amasonto. Cishe ngokushesha, ziqala ukukhula ngokuzimela ngokuzimela: zondle futhi zikhule. Umuntu oneminyaka yobudala engama-2-3 uthathwa njengokuvuthwa ngokocansi. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ukukulungela ukuzalanisa kuma-ruffs akuxhomekile kuphela ebudaleni. Ubude bomzimba nakho kuyisici esinqumayo. Kukholakala ukuthi kulokhu, inhlanzi idinga ukukhula ize ifike kumasentimitha ayi-10-12. Kepha ngobude obunjalo, insikazi ayikwazi ukubeka amaqanda angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbalwa ngesikhathi sokuzala kokuqala.
Ama-Ruffs awawona neze ikhulu leminyaka. I-ruff yesifazane ingaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-11, kepha owesilisa akaphili ngaphezu kwe-8. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokusho kwezibalo, izinhlanzi zifa ezimweni zemvelo ngaphambi kwalonyaka. Ngaphezu kwama-90% ama-ruffs avela emvelweni ngabantu abangakafiki eminyakeni emithathu ubudala. Ubuningi bezinhlanzi ezisencane abuphili buvuthwe ngenxa yokuncintisana kwemvelo okusebenzayo, izifo kanye nokushoda komoya-mpilo, ukudla ngesikhathi sasebusika. Lokhu yikho kanye okuchaza inani elikhulu kangaka lamaqanda abekwa ku-clutch eyodwa. Imvamisa, yi-1-2 kuphela yazo ezosinda ize ibe mdala.
Izitha zemvelo zama-ruffs
Isithombe: Ruff fish
Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi uRuffs, ngenxa yameva abo, avikelwe ngokuphelele ezitheni. Eqinisweni, lokhu akunjalo. Yize zinameva acijile kunalokho, zinezitha eziningi endle. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinhlanzi ezidlayo ziyingozi kuzo. I-pike perch, i-catfish ne-burbot ziyingozi ikakhulukazi kuma-ruffs amancane. Bahlasela ama-ruff lapho izipikisi zabo zingaminyene kakhulu - ngakho-ke abakwazi ukudala ingozi engaka kumphikisi.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ingozi eyinhloko yama-ruffs akuyona ngisho nezinhlanzi eziningi njengezinyoni (izinyoni zamanzi). Izindwandwe, ama-cormorants, onogolantethe babamba kalula ama-ruff asondela ogwini. Futhi, inqwaba yezinhlanzi ezibanjiwe ama-ruffs amancane kanye nefry. Lokhu kuyingozi ikakhulukazi kubantu bezinhlanzi bebonke.
Ngalesi sizathu, ama-ruffs athatha indawo emaphakathi ekuhlolweni okuphelele kochungechunge lokudla kwemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu babhekwa njengezitha zabantu. Isizathu ngokuyinhloko ukuzingela ngokungemthetho. Ama-Ruffs abanjwa ngenkuthalo ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene, yingakho amanani abo ancipha. Kepha hhayi kulokhu kuphela, umuntu ulimaza izinhlobo.
Isizathu futhi singukungcola kwemvelo. Ama-Ruffs angahlala emanzini acwebile kuphela. Uma umuntu eqala ukungcolisa amanzi ngokushesha, khona-ke abamele lolu hlobo bangafa. Ngakho-ke, umuntu akabangeli ukulimala okuqondile kuphela, kepha futhi okungaqondile kubantu bakhona.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ngabe i-ruff ibukeka kanjani
Namuhla kunzima kakhulu ukulinganisa inani eliqondile labantu abanohlonze emvelweni. Isizathu ukuthi bahlala emanzini amaningi kakhulu. Kunzima ngisho nokucabanga ukuthi phakathi kwabo bangaki abantu abangaphila kulezi zinhlanzi. Yingakho kungenakwenzeka ukubala ngokunembile ubukhulu besibalo emvelweni.
Ngasikhathi sinye, singasho ngokuzethemba ukuthi isimo sabantu siyadumaza kakhulu. Ama-ruffs angaphansi kwesigaba sezinhlanzi, isibalo saso esincipha ngokushesha ngakho-ke sidinga ukuvikelwa okusebenzayo ezinhlanganweni zikahulumeni.
Ama-Ruffs athandwa njengento yokudoba. Ngasikhathi sinye, ezimweni zokufakelwa, lezi zinhlanzi azikhuliswa emapulazini. Abantu ababanjwe ezimweni zemvelo kuphela abadliwayo ukuze badle. Yingakho inani labo lehla ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezimweni zemvelo, babhekana nezingozi eziningi, okuyiyona nto lesi simo esixhunywe kuyo.
Uma ungathathi zinyathelo, kungekudala ama-subspecies amaningi noma nezinhlobo zama-ruffs zizonke zizomane zinyamalale. Kepha uma inani lezinhlanzi ezibanjiwe lingahle lilawulwe okungenani ezingeni lomthetho, kunciphise lolu daba, khona-ke akukho okungenziwa ngokumelene nezitha zemvelo zalezi zinhlanzi.
URuff unogada
Isithombe: Ruff ovela kwiRed Book
Kuze kube manje, i-ruff ibhalwe ku-Red Book ingxenye kuphela. Iqiniso ngukuthi izinyathelo ezinjalo azithathwa kuzo zonke izifundazwe, futhi zisebenza kuphela kwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi. Phambilini, kwakunguRuff-Nosar kuphela owayegadiwe kakhulu. Ekuqaleni, yafakwa eNcwadini Ebomvu yase-Ukraine. Yilokhu kuphela okungaphansi kwama-ruffs, okusatshalaliswa emachibini emifula e-Ukraine, futhi lapho kwamukelwa ngokusemthethweni njengezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothuka.
Ngemuva kwalokho iRuff-nosar (Don) nayo yafakwa eRed Book eRussia. Kwaziwa njengezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothuka ngokushesha ngenxa yokudoba okusebenzayo. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ama-ruffs abecatshangwa njengesibiliboco, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ayabiza. Le nhlanzi ibanjwe ngentshiseko iminyaka eminingi. kulokhu, inani labantu lehla ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukuxazulula le nkinga, amapulazi akhethekile adalwe kalula lapho lolu hlobo lukhuliswa khona ukuze lusetshenziswe kamuva njengokudla.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ukubanjwa kwama-ruffs kunomkhawulo. Isikhathi sinikezwe ngokukhethekile, kanye nendlela yokubamba abamele abantu. Kubalulekile ukugcina ukwenqatshelwa ngokweqile ekubambeni lezi zinhlanzi ngesikhathi sokuzala. Lezi zinhlanzi zibuye zidonse ukunakwa kwabaningi ngokubonakala kwazo kwasekuqaleni, yingakho kwesinye isikhathi zibanjelwa ukwenziwa kobuciko obulandelayo.
Ngale ndlela, ruff kade kwaziwa njengenhlanzi edinga ukuvikelwa okukhethekile embusweni. Lezi zinhlanzi ezinhle ziheha ukunakwa ngokubukeka kwazo nangokubanjwa kwezentengiselwano. Kepha ukuze kugcinwe abantu besezingeni elifanele, kufanele kuthathwe ukunakekelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zikali zilinganiselwe futhi zilawulwa ngokuqinile.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 09.12.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 12/15/2019 ngo-21: 24
