UKea

UKea Iyinyoni yomdabu yaseNew Zealand. Yaziwa nangokuthi yi-New Zealand pholi yasentabeni, okuwukuphela kopholi we-alpine weqiniso emhlabeni. UKea uthweswe umqhele njengenyoni yaseNew Zealand, enamavoti angaphezu kwenkulungwane afakelwa lezi zinhlobo kunamalungu asekhona. UKea usengcupheni yokuqothulwa.

Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo

Isithombe: Kea

I-Kea (Nestor notabilis) igcwala kakhulu e-Southern Alps yaseNew Zealand futhi ukuphela kwopholi wezintaba emhlabeni. Lezi zinyoni ezinobungane futhi ezihlakaniphe kakhulu zijwayele kahle indawo enokhahlo. Ngeshwa, izici i-kea ezithuthukisile ukuze zisinde, ilukuluku lakhe nesifiso sokudla okumnandi, kudale ukungqubuzana nabantu kule minyaka engu-150 edlule. Ukushushiswa nokuzingelwa phansi kudla ngokweqile inani labantu baseKea, futhi njengoba kusele izinkulungwane ezimbalwa kuphela zezinyoni, iKea iyinhlobo esengozini yezwe.

Ividiyo: Kea

I-Kea yipholi enkulu enezimpaphe eziningi eziluhlaza zomnqumo ezijula ​​zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okujulile ezincwadini zamaphiko. Ngaphansi kwamaphiko nangaphansi komsila, izici zibomvu-olintshi. Abesifazane beKea bancane kancane kunabesilisa futhi banemilomo emifushane.

Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Ezinye izinyoni eziningi zomdabu eNew Zealand azindiza, kufaka phakathi isihlobo se-kea, i-kakapo. Ngokuphambene, i-kea ingandiza kahle kakhulu.

Igama labo yi-onomatopoeic, kubhekiswa ekhoneni labo elikhulu, elikhazimulayo elithi "keee-aaa". Lo akuwona wodwa umsindo abawenzayo - babuye bakhulume bodwa ngokuthula, kanti abasha benza ukukhala nokukhala okungafani.

UKea yizinyoni ezihlakaniphe kakhulu. Bafunda amakhono amahle okudla kubazali babo nakwezinye izinyoni ezindala, futhi baba nekhono kakhulu ngemilomo nozipho. Ngenkathi imvelo yabo iguquka, i-kea yafunda ukuzivumelanisa nezimo. UKea banelukuluku lokwazi futhi bayathanda ukufunda izinto ezintsha nokuxazulula puzzle. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lukhombisile ukuthi lezi zinyoni ezihlakaniphile zingasebenza kanjani emaqenjini ukufeza izinhloso zazo.

Ukubukeka nezici

Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-kea

IKea yipholi enkulu enamandla endizayo enamandla angaba ngu-48 cm ubude no-0.8-1 kg ngesisindo, isabalele ezintabeni zaseSouth Island yaseNew Zealand. Le nyoni inezimpaphe eziluhlaza okomnqumo kakhulu ezinombala osawolintshi ocwebezelayo ngaphansi kwamaphiko ayo futhi inomlomo omkhulu omncane, omncane, ogobile, onsundu ngokumpunga.

I-kea yabantu abadala inokubukeka okulandelayo:

• iziqongo zethusi eziluhlaza;
• ukubomvu okuphansi emuva, kufinyelela emaphethini womsila aphezulu;
• izimpaphe zihlotshaniswa ngombala omnyama, okwenza izimpaphe zibukeke zinesikhumba;
• ingaphansi lomzimba linomnqumo onsundu;
• ama-wing liners abomvu ngokusawolintshi, anemigqa ephuzi nokumnyama enabela ezansi kwezimpaphe;
• izimpaphe zangaphandle ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanti ezingezansi zinombala ophuzi ngokufiphele;
• ikhanda liluhlaza okotshani;
• umlomo omnyama onomhlathi omude ongaphezulu ogobile ngokuzibandakanya okujulile;
• amehlo anombala onsundu ngendandatho yeso elincanyana eliphuzi;
• izidladla nezinyawo ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka;
• insikazi iyefana neyesilisa, kodwa inomlomo omfishane, onesandla esigobile kancane, futhi incane kuneyesilisa.

Iqiniso lokuzijabulisa: Ikholi ye-kea ejwayelekile kunazo zonke ukukhala okude, okukhulu, okuzwakala, okungazwakala njenge- "kee-ee-aa-aa" noma i- "keeeeeaaaa" eqhubekayo. Umsindo wabantu abasha awuzinzile kangako nge-tonal, kufana nokukhala okukhulu noma ukukhala.

Yize i-kea yaziwa ngamakhono abo okulingisa iphimbo, abavamile ukuphenywa, futhi umsebenzi wabo (kubandakanya ukulingisa imisindo eyenziwe ezinye izinhlobo, noma imisindo engajwayelekile efana nomoya) ayifundwanga nhlobo ngopholi. UKea uyilungu legatsha elidala kakhulu lomndeni wopholi besihlahla, upholi waseNew Zealand.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izinyoni eziluhlaza zomnqumo zihlakaniphe kakhulu futhi ziyadlala, okwazitholela igama lesidlaliso "umhlekisi wezintaba." AbaseNew Zealand abajwayele ukwenza imigilingwane yezinyoni, okubandakanya ukuvula imigqomo kadoti ukuthola ukudla okunamafutha, ukweba izinto ezifakwa ezikhwameni, ukulimaza izimoto nokumisa ngokoqobo izimoto.

Ihlala kuphi i-kea?

Isithombe: Kea eNew Zealand

Abomdabu baseNew Zealand, ama-kea ayizinhlobo ezivikelwe kanye nopholi bodwa base-alpine emhlabeni - abanentshisekelo ethile eNew Zealand. IKea itholakala kuphela ezintabeni zaseSouth Island yaseNew Zealand. IKea itholakala ezintabeni zase-Alps eseningizimu, kepha zivame kakhulu ohlangothini olusentshonalanga. UKea angaphila ekuthunjweni iminyaka eyi-14.4. Isikhathi sokuphila endle asikabikwa.

UKea uhlala emahlathini anamathambeka aphakeme, ezigodini eziphakeme ezinamahlathi, izintaba eziphakeme kanye namahlathi emaphethelweni ezihlahlana ezingaphansi komhlaba, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-600 kuya kayi-2000. Ngezinye izikhathi yehlela ezigodini eziphansi. Ehlobo, i-kea ihlala ezihlahleni eziphakeme zezintaba nase-alpine tundra. Ekwindla, iya ezindaweni eziphakeme ukuyodla amajikijolo. Ebusika, lishona ngaphansi kwezingodo.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Opholi beKea bakhetha ukuchitha isikhathi sabo emhlabathini, bejabulisa abantu ngokunyakaza okugxumayo. Kodwa-ke, lapho zindiza, zikhombisa ukuthi zingabashayeli bezindiza abakhulu.

AbakwaKea bathanda ukufaka izakhiwo nganoma iyiphi indlela, ngisho nangoshimula. Uma sezakhiwe, akukho lutho olungcwele, uma kuyinto ehlafunwayo, bazobe sebezama ukuyenza.

Idla ini?

Isithombe: Protatory kea kea

Ama-Kea angama-omnivores, adla ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zemikhiqizo yezitshalo nezilwane. Ziphila ngokudla izihlahla nokukhuhla amahlumela, izithelo, amaqabunga, umpe nembewu, zimba izibungu zezinambuzane futhi zitshala nezilimo eziyizigaxa (ezinjengama-orchid endabuko) emhlabathini, futhi zimba izingodo ezibolile ukuze zibheke izibungu, ikakhulukazi emahlathini aseRoma nasezihlahleni zikaphayini.

Abanye abadla i-kea kumantshontsho e-Hatton's petrel eSiward Kaikoura Ridge, futhi kulo lonke uhla lwabo bavuna izidumbu zezinyamazane, ama-chamois, ama-tara nezimvu. Izinyoni ziyathanda ukuhlala emhlane wezimvu bese zizimba esikhunjeni nasemisipha yazo ukuze zifinyelele emafutheni azungeze izinso, okungaholela ekubulaweni yisifo septicemia. Lokhu kuziphatha akuvamile, kepha kube yisizathu sokuthi kungani i-kea ishushiswe isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka.

Eqinisweni, i-kea ingaba inyoni enolaka ukuhlasela noma iyiphi imvu engagadiwe. Kwaba yilokhu kukhetha okusize ukubeka inyoni esimweni esiyingozi, njengoba abalimi nabelusi banquma ukuzibulala ngobuningi. Ngeshwa lama-kea, ukulutheka kwabo emafutheni ezimvu kuzibeka ohlwini lwezilwane ezisengozini njengoba abalimi badubula ngaphezu kuka-150,000 wabo ngaphambi kokuba lo mkhuba uvinjelwe ngo-1971.

Ngakho-ke, ama-omnivorous futhi adla ezinhlotsheni eziningi zokudla kwezitshalo nezilwane, njenge:

• imikhiqizo yezinkuni nezitshalo ezinjengamaqabunga, umpe, izithelo, izimpande nembewu;
• amabhungane nezibungu abazimba phansi noma ezingodweni ezibolile;
• ezinye izilwane, kufaka phakathi amatshwele ezinye izinhlobo, njenge-petrel, noma umkhohlisi kanye nesidumbu sezimvu.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Isithombe: Parrot kea endizeni

Endemic eNew Zealand, ama-kea apholi ahlakaniphe ngokweqile agadla ngesibindi sawo, ilukuluku kanye nokudlala. Lezi zinyoni zithanda ukuzama izinto ezintsha. Uma ubanika ukudla kwasemini, bazothatha kuwo wonke amapuleti bagwinye kuyo yonke inkomishi, kuthi ngemuva kokudla, zonke izitsha zizolahlwa.

Ama-kea angenakulinganiswa okufuna ukwazi, anekhono futhi anonya nawo nawo aqinile. Bangakwazi ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa ahlukahlukene futhi bachume kukho konke kusuka kumajikijolo, amaqabunga, izithelo, nolayini kuya ezinambuzaneni, izimpande, kanye nokubola (izilwane ezifile). Ziyaziwa futhi ngokuqoqa ukudla emigqonyeni yabantu. Eqinisweni, i-kea idume ngezinkambu zokushushuluza zaseSouth Island nemizila ezulazulayo, lapho zivame ukuchazwa njengezinesibindi, budedengu futhi zivame ukulimaza ngokuphelele.

IKea ijwayele ukuhlala eduze kwezindawo zepikiniki eziphakeme nezindawo zokupaka ngokwengxenye ngoba ziwumthombo olula wokudla okungenampilo, futhi ngokwengxenye ngoba kulapho zingathola khona ukulimala okukhulu. I-young kea, ikakhulukazi, yizingane zemvelo zabazali bazo - zifuna ukwazi futhi zizoqhekeka kunoma yiliphi ithoyizi elisha. Izakhamuzi nabavakashi ngokufanayo babelana ngezindaba zezinyoni ezidume ngokulengiswa ophahleni nasesikhwameni sezimoto zabo.

Iqiniso Elimnandi: I-Kea imvamisa iyizinyoni ezinobungane futhi azenzi kahle zodwa futhi ngenxa yalokho azigcinwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Zihlala cishe iminyaka eyi-15, imvamisa zingamaqembu afinyelela kubantu abayi-15. I-Kea ixhumana nezinhlobo eziningi zamaphimbo, kanye nokuma.

I-Kea iyashintsha, ivuka ekuseni kakhulu ukuze uqale ukushaya, bese uthola ukudla kuze kube sekuseni kakhulu. Zivamise ukulala emini bese ziphinde ziqale ukuzifunela ukudla kusihlwa, kwesinye isikhathi kungakabi mnyama, lapho ziyolala emagatsheni ezihlahla. Isikhathi sale misebenzi yansuku zonke sincike esimweni sezulu. IKea ayibekezeleli ukushisa futhi ichitha isikhathi esiningi ubusuku bonke ezinsukwini ezishisayo.

UKea uyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo futhi angafunda noma enze izixazululo ukuze aphile. Bangakwazi ukuhlola nokuphatha izinto endaweni yabo, kanye nokucekela phansi izesekeli zemoto nezinye izinto. Lokhu kuziphatha konakalisa kanye nelukuluku kubhekwa ososayensi njengezici zomdlalo. Kuvame ukubonakala kudlalwa ngamagatsha noma ngamatshe, kubodwa noma ngamaqembu. UKea uphishekela izilwane ezizingelayo kanye nabangenayo ngamaqembu, uma inyoni eyodwa yeqembu isengozini.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Isithombe: kea yowesilisa nowesifazane

UKea unesithembu. Abesilisa balwela ubukhosi nokubusa. Lezi zikhundla eziphezulu azihambelani. Indoda endala ingabusa umuntu omdala, kepha owesilisa osemncane futhi angabusa owesilisa omdala. Zihlala ngamaqembu emindeni futhi zondla ngemihlambi yezinyoni ezingama-30 kuye kwezingama-40, imvamisa ezindaweni zokulahla udoti

Abesifazane beKea bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi lapho beneminyaka engaba mithathu ubudala, nabesilisa abaneminyaka engama-4-5 ubudala. Abesilisa be-Kea bangakhwelana nabesifazane abangafika kwabane ngesikhathi sokuzala. Abesifazane be-Kea bavame ukubeka amaqanda ayi-3-4 phakathi kukaJulayi noJanuwari ezidlekeni ezakhiwe ezindaweni ezinamadwala. Ukufukamela kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-22-24, amaphuphu ahlala esidlekeni ezinye izinyanga ezi-3. Insikazi iyafukamela futhi yondle abasha ngokubhinca.

Izidleke zeKea zitholakala emigodini engaphansi kwezingodo, amatshe nezimpande zezihlahla, kanye nasemigodini ephakathi kwamatshe, futhi kwesinye isikhathi zingakha izidleke iminyaka eminingana. Bangeza izinto zezitshalo ezifana nezinti, utshani, ubulembu nobulembu ezidlekeni.

Owesilisa uletha ukudla kowesifazane, amphakele ngokubuyiswa kabusha eduze kwesidleke. Ukuphakama kwefledging ngoDisemba-Februwari, ngesilinganiso samachwane ayi-1.6 esidlekeni ngasinye. Le nyoni ishiya isidleke ukuze idle kabili ngosuku cishe ihora elilodwa entathakusa futhi nasebusuku lapho izinyoni zisengozini yokungabi kude nekhilomitha elilodwa ukusuka esidlekeni. Lapho izingane ezineminyaka engaba yinyanga eyodwa ubudala, owesilisa uyasiza ekondleni. Amajuba ahlala esidlekeni amasonto ayi-10 kuya kwayi-13, emva kwalokho ayashiya.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Imvamisa i-kea yenza i-clutch eyodwa ngonyaka. Izinsikazi nazo zingakha izidleke iminyaka eminingana ilandelana, kepha akuzona zonke abesifazane ezenza lokhu minyaka yonke.

Izitha zemvelo ze-kea

Isithombe: Upholi waseNew Zealand

I-stoat yisona esidla kakhulu i-kea, futhi namakati abuye abe yingozi enkulu lapho abantu bawo behlasela indawo ye-kea. Ama-opossum ayaziwa ngokuzingela i-kea futhi aphazamise izidleke, yize engeyona ingozi enkulu njengezitofu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi amagundane angabonakala nokuzingela amaqanda e-kea. AbaseKea basengozini enkulu ngoba bahlala ezindlekweni zomhlabathi okulula ukuzithola nokuzishaya.

Ubuthi bomthofu babuwusongo oluyingozi ikakhulukazi kuma-kea, njengoba izinkulungwane zamabhilidi amadala zazisakazeke ezindaweni ezingaphandle kweSouth Island ezazingafaka ubuthi i-kea ebuzayo. Imiphumela yobuthi bomthofu ezinyonini yayiyinhlekelele, kufaka phakathi ukulimala kwengqondo nokufa. Balinganiselwa ku-150 000 i-kea asebebulewe kusukela ngawo-1860s ngenxa yomklomelo kahulumeni owethulwa ngemuva kwengxabano nabafuyi bezimvu.

Ucwaningo lwakamuva olwenziwe yi-Kea Conservation Fund lukhombisile ukuthi izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zamachwane e-kea azifinyeleli esigabeni se-embryonic ngoba izidleke zazo zisemhlabathini futhi zidliwa yi-ermines, amagundane kanye nama-possum (uhulumeni waseNew Zealand azibophezele ngawo ukuqeda ngo-2050).

UMnyango Wezokongiwa Kwezimali kanye neKea Conservation Fund bayaqhubeka nokuqopha ukufa ngamabomu kwe-kea minyaka yonke (kusuka ekuqhumeni kwezibhamu, izinduku, noma ubuthi bomuntu), yize lezi zigameko kukholakala ukuthi azibikwa kakhulu.

Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo

Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani upholi we-kea

Ngeshwa, kunzima ukuthola ukulinganisa okunembile kwabantu baseKea njengamanje njengoba inyoni isakazeke kakhulu ezindaweni eziphansi. Kodwa-ke, kulinganiselwa ukuthi lezi zinyoni eziyinkulungwane kuya kwezingu-5 000 zihlala kule ndawo. Inani elincane kakhulu lezinyoni ngawodwana lingumphumela wokuzingela ngolaka esikhathini esedlule.

UKea ubezingela imfuyo efana nezimvu, nokudala inkinga enkulu kubalimi bakule ndawo. Ngenxa yalokho, uhulumeni waseNew Zealand wakhokha kakhulu i-kea, okusho ukuthi lezi zinyoni zazizosuswa epulazini ngakho-ke ngeke kusaba yinkinga kubalimi. Ngeshwa, lokhu sekwenze abanye abazingeli bahambela amapaki kazwelonke, lapho babevikelwe khona ngokusemthethweni, ukuze babazingele futhi bafune umvuzo.

Umphumela waba ukuthi kwabulawa izinyoni ezingaba ngu-150 000 eminyakeni engaba yikhulu. Ngo-1970, umklomelo wakhanselwa, kwathi ngo-1986 izinyoni zathola ukuvikelwa okugcwele. Izinyoni eziyinkinga manje zisuswa emapulazini yizikhulu futhi zihanjiswe zizungeze esikhundleni sokubulawa. Abantu baseKea babonakala bezinzile, ikakhulukazi emapaki kazwelonke nasezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ezivikelwe. Kepha lezi zinhlobo zihlukaniswa njengezisengozini futhi zinebanga elilinganiselwe.

Ukuvikelwa kweKea

Isithombe: Kea ovela eRed Book

I-Kea njengamanje ibhalwe ukuthi "isengozini," enabantu abalinganiselwa kodwa abalondolozayo abangu-3 000 kuya ku-7,000 endle. Ngo-1986, uhulumeni waseNew Zealand wanikeza i-kea ukuvikelwa okugcwele, okwenza kube semthethweni ukulimaza la mapholi angajwayelekile. AbakwaKea bayizisulu zebhizinisi elinenzuzo futhi bavame ukuthunjwa bathunyelwe emazweni angaphandle ukuhweba ngezilwane ezimakethe ezimnyama. Lezi zinhlobo okwamanje zivikelwe yizinto eziphilayo nezinhlangano ezahlukahlukene.

Ngo-2006, iKea Nature Conservation Fund yasungulwa ukusiza ukufundisa nokusiza abahlali bezifunda lapho i-kea iyinhlobo yemvelo. Zisiza futhi ukuvikela izimali zocwaningo futhi zisize emizameni edingekayo yokongiwa kwemvelo ukugcina inyoni iphephile futhi ihlala nathi unomphela. Ithimba labacwaningi libheke izidleke ze-kea ezindaweni ezisuka eningizimu-ntshonalanga kuya eKaurangi National Park nasezindaweni eziningi eziphakathi. Lezi zindawo ziwumqansa, zinamahlathi aminyene futhi zivame ukumbozwa yiqhwa, njengoba i-kea ingaqala ukuzala kuseneqhwa phansi, ngakho-ke ukulandela i-kea yasendle, ukuthwala ikhamera namabhethri amakhulu, kuyinselelo yangempela.

Abasebenzi kulo lonke elaseNew Zealand nabo babheka izihlahla ngezimpawu zokutshalwa okunzima. IKea isengcupheni yezifo ezidlayo ezibangelwa amazinga aphezulu okukhiqizwa kwembewu (i-beech mast). Ukulawulwa kwezinyoni kuvikela i-kea nezinye izinhlobo zomdabu ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Imiphumela yezifundo eziphathelene ne-kea inikeze ukuqonda okungcono kokuthi unganciphisa kanjani ubungozi be-kea njengomphumela wokulawulwa kwezinambuzane endaweni ye-kea. Manje kunendlela yokusebenza endaweni yokuhlala yaseKea, elandelwa yiyo yonke imisebenzi enjalo eyenziwayo ezweni elivikelwe nguhulumeni.

Upholi we-kea uyinyoni edlala kakhulu, enesibindi futhi ethanda ukwazi.Ziyizinyoni ezinomsindo neziphilayo ezihamba ngokweqa ezinhlangothini ukuze ziye phambili. I-kea esengozini yokuphela yopholi we-alpine emhlabeni futhi enye yezinyoni ezihlakaniphe kakhulu. Opholi kea ziyingxenye ebalulekile yezokuvakasha eNew Zealand, njengoba abantu abaningi beza epaki likazwelonke ukuzobabona.

Usuku lokushicilelwa: 11/17/2019

Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/05/2019 ngo-17: 49