Intaba yebhubesi - leli kati linamagama amaningi kunanoma yisiphi esinye isilwane esincelisayo. Kepha noma ngabe uyiqamba ini, leli yikati elifanayo, iPuma concolor, ummeleli omkhulu kakhulu wezinhlobo zamakati amancane. Kungani enamagama amaningi kangaka? Ngokuyinhloko ngoba inendawo yokuhlala enkulu kangaka, futhi abantu abavela emazweni ahlukene bayibiza ngendlela yabo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Mountain lion
Ingonyama yasentabeni ikati elikhulu, elihle ngomndeni we-feline. Babizwa nangokuthi ama-cougars, panther, nama-cougars. Yize amabhubesi asezintabeni engamakati amakhulu, awahlukaniswa esigabeni "samakati amakhulu". Esikhundleni salokho, angelinye lamakati amakhulu kakhulu esigabeni "sekati elincane", yize amanye awo engalingana nosayizi wengwe.
Ividiyo: Intaba Lion
Esinye sezizathu ezisobala zokuthi kungani le nsikazi enkulu futhi enamandla ingabalwa njengenye yamakati "amakhulu" emhlabeni yingoba ibhubesi lentaba alikwazi ukubhonga. Imilenze yangemuva enamandla yamabhubesi asezintabeni inemisipha kangangoba ayiwavumeli nje kuphela ukuba ashaye inyamazane yawo futhi aqinisekise ukuphepha kwawo, kodwa futhi ayakwazi ukweqa amabanga amakhulu.
Enye yama-subspecies adume kakhulu we-cougar yi-Florida panther, okuyinto encane kunazo zonke izinhlobo ze-cougar kanye ne-rarest. Kukholakala ukuthi sisonqenqemeni lokuqothulwa, lesi silwane esisengozini yokufa sinomuthi obomvu kakhudlwana ebusheni obusemhlane kanye nendawo emnyama maphakathi nendawo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Igama lesayensi iPuma concolor liyadida kancane njengoba linganembile ngokuphelele. I-Concolor isho ukuthi "umbala owodwa", kepha lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele: amabhubesi asezintabeni amancane anombala owodwa, futhi abantu abadala banenhlanganisela yemibala, enombala ojwayelekile osukela kokumpunga kuya kokugqwalile.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibhubesi lentaba libukeka kanjani
Amabhubesi asezintabeni anezinhlobo zomzimba ezifanayo kumakati afuywayo, kuphela ngezinga elikhulu. Zinemizimba ezacile namakhanda ayindilinga anezindlebe ezicijile. Ziphakathi kuka-1.5-2.7 m ukusuka ekhanda kuye emsileni. Ngenkathi abesilisa bengaba nesisindo esingafika kuma-68 kg, abesifazane banesisindo esingaphansi, bafinyelela kubude obuzungeze ama-45 kg.
Amabhubesi asezintabeni akhiwe kahle, anemilenze emikhulu nozipho olubukhali. Imilenze yabo yangemuva mikhulu futhi inemisipha eminingi kunemilenze yangaphambili, ibanikeza amandla amaningi okweqa. Amabhubesi asezintabeni angagxuma amamitha ayi-5.5 ukusuka phansi aye ezihlahleni, futhi akwazi ukweqa amamitha ayi-6.1 anyuke noma ehle egqumeni, okuwukuphakama kwezakhiwo eziningi ezinezitezi ezimbili. Amabhubesi asezintabeni nawo ayakwazi ukugijima ngokushesha futhi anomgogodla ofana nengulule obasiza ukuba bajikeleze izithiyo futhi bashintshe indlela ngokushesha.
Ijazi lebhubesi lentaba linsundu ngokumpunga libe bomvu kancane linezingxenye ezilula ngaphansi. Umsila unebala elimnyama ekugcineni. Isifonyo nesifuba kumhlophe, kunamabala amnyama ebusweni, ezindlebeni nasesinqeni somsila. Izinyane lamabhubesi asezintabeni linamabala amnyama aze abe nezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala.
Ngokwendawo nangesikhathi esithile, umthunzi wezinhlayiya ezinsundu kusuka kokumpunga kuya konsundu ngokubomvu, futhi kubikwe ezinye izigaxa ezimnyama. Amaphethini anemibala ebusweni nawo angahluka. Ngaphansi kukhanya kunaphezulu. Umsila omude uvame ukuba mnyama futhi imvamisa uhlala useduze nomhlabathi lapho kuhamba ibhubesi lentaba.
Umhlathi ongezansi mfushane, ujulile futhi unamandla. Amazinyo e-Carnassial makhulu futhi made. Ama-canine anzima futhi aqinile. Ama-incisors mancane futhi aqondile. Amabhubesi asezintabeni anenye i-premolar encane ohlangothini ngalunye lomhlathi ongaphezulu, ngokungafani ne-lynx.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayoImikhondo yezingonyama zasentabeni ishiya izinzwane ezine ezinyaweni zangaphambili nezinzwane ezine ngemuva. Uzipho oluhlehlisekayo alukhonjiswa kokuphrintwayo.
Ihlala kuphi ibhubesi lentaba?
Isithombe: American Mountain Lion
Ingonyama yasentabeni kukholakala ukuthi ingesinye sezilwane ezingena kalula, njengoba zitholakala ezindaweni ezahlukene zokuhlala. Kodwa-ke, ngokwandiswa kwezindawo zokuhlala nokuhlanzwa komhlaba wezolimo, ibhubesi lentaba liqhutshelwa ezingxenyeni ezincane zensimu yalo ngokomlando, lihlehlela endaweni enentaba ethe xaxa eqhelelene nabantu. Kukhona ama-subspecies ayisithupha wezingonyama zezintaba, asatshalaliswa ezindaweni ezinjenge:
- INingizimu neMelika Ephakathi;
- EMexico;
- ENtshonalanga naseNyakatho Melika;
- EFlorida.
Amabhubesi asezintabeni ajwayele ukuzulazula ezindaweni lapho engabonakali khona, njengezintaba ezinamadwala noma amahlathi amnyama. Imvamisa abahlaseli abantu ngaphandle kokuthi bazizwe besemakhoneni noma besongelwa. Iningi lezintaba zezintaba litholakala entshonalanga yeCanada, kodwa liye labonakala naseningizimu ye-Ontario, eQuebec naseNew Brunswick. Amabhubesi asezintabeni abalulekile njengezilwane eziyizilwane eziyinhloko ezindaweni eziphila kuzo. Zibamba iqhaza ekulawuleni inani labantu abakhulu abangasetshenzisiwe.
Yize ukuhlaselwa ngamabhubesi ezintabeni kubantu kuyivelakancane kakhulu, kuye kwanda emashumini ambalwa edlule. Njengokubulawa kwemfuyo okuningi, ibhubesi lentaba elihlasela abantu imvamisa liyisilwane esilambile esiqhutshelwa ezindaweni ezinganakiwe ngabesilisa abaphezulu kakhulu.
Kepha kungukuhlasela komuntu indawo yezingonyama zezintaba edala indawo yokuhlala yebhubesi esezintabeni. Lapho abantu abaningi bephumula futhi behlala ezindaweni zasemakhaya, aba maningi amathuba okuhlangana nalezi zilwane eziyimfihlo. Kodwa-ke, ngokuqapha okuthile, abantu namabhubesi asezintabeni angahlangana.
Manje uyazi lapho kuhlala khona ibhubesi lentaba. Ake sibone ukuthi lidlani leli kati lasendle.
Idlani ingonyama yasentabeni?
Isithombe: Ibhubesi lentaba elivela eNcwadini Ebomvu
Amabhubesi asezintabeni azingela indawo enkulu, futhi kungathatha ilungu elilodwa lohlobo lwesilwane ukuzulazula indlu yonke. Amabhubesi asezintabeni adla inyamazane eyehlukene kuya ngokuthi ahlalaphi. Ngokuyisisekelo, ibhubesi lentaba lizodla noma yisiphi isilwane elingasibamba, noma sikhulu njengendololwane.
Ukudla kwabo kungaba:
- izinyamazane;
- izingulube;
- ama-capybaras;
- ama-raccoon;
- armadillos;
- hares;
- amaprotheni.
Amabhubesi asezintabeni ayathanda ukuzingela izinyamazane, yize nazo zidla izilwane ezincane ezinjengamankankane, izingungumbane, nama-raccoon. Zivame ukuzingela ebusuku noma ngezikhathi zobumnyama zokuphuma nokushona kwelanga. Lawa makati asebenzisa inhlanganisela yokuntshontsha namandla ukuzingela. Ingonyama yasentabeni izogijimisa inyamazane yayo phakathi kwezihlahla nezihlahla nangaphezulu konqenqema lwamadwala ngaphambi kokuba igxume ngamandla emhlane wesisulu futhi ilume intamo eminyeneyo. Umgogodla oguquguqukayo we-cougar ulungiselelwe le ndlela yokubulala.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi lapho kufa inyamazane enkulu, ibhubesi lentaba liyimboza ngehlahla bese libuya lizodla ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Baxhasa ukudla kwabo ngezinambuzane ezinkulu namagundane amancane. Ukusetshenziswa kokudla kwaminyaka yonke kusuka ku-860 kuya ku-1300 kg wezilwane ezinkulu ezidlayo, cishe ama-ungulates angama-48 ngengonyama ngayinye yezintaba ngonyaka.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Amabhubesi asezintabeni anamehlo abukhali ikakhulukazi futhi imvamisa athola inyamazane yawo ngokuyibuka ihamba. Lawa makati azingela ngentshiseko kusihlwa noma entathakusa.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ibhubesi lentaba ebusika
Amabhubesi asezintabeni izilwane zasendaweni, futhi insimu incike endaweni, uhlaza nenqwaba yezilwane. Amabhubesi asezintabeni agwema izindawo ezinendawo yokuhlala abantu. Izindawo zabesifazane ngokuvamile zibalwa ngengxenye yezindawo zamadoda.
Amabhubesi asezintabeni asebenza kakhulu entathakusa nasebusuku. Amabhubesi asezintabeni ayizisulu zokucathamela, okusho ukuthi ancike ebuqilini nasesimweni sokubamba izisulu zawo - ikakhulukazi izinyamazane nezindololwane, kwesinye isikhathi ingungumbane noma indololwane, futhi kwesinye isikhathi izinhlobo ezincane ezinjengama-raccoon. onogwaja, ama-beaver, noma ngisho namagundane.
Bahlala ezindaweni ezinkulu ezivame ukuba okweqanda noma okuyindilinga ngokuma. Indawo yezindawo ezethusayo nenombolo yazo incike ebuningini bezilwane ezidliwayo, izimila nezwe. Uma kunokuntuleka kokukhiqiza endaweni ethile, ubukhulu bezindawo ezingazodwana buzoba bukhulu. Azinazo izimbobo ezihlala njalo, kepha zitholakala emihumeni, phakathi kwamadwala nasezimileni eziminyene. Amabhubesi asezintabeni athambekele ezintabeni ebusika, ikakhulukazi ngenhloso yokuzingela.
Amabhubesi asezintabeni amakati amaphimbo aziwa kakhulu ngamakhwelo awo aphansi, ama-growls, purrs, kanye nokumemeza. Njengoba zinemilenze yangemuva emikhulu emndenini wamakati, amabhubesi asezintabeni akwazi ukweqa kakhulu - aze afike kumamitha angu-5.4. Ukuzuba okuvundlile kungalinganiswa kusuka kumamitha ayi-6 kuye kwayi-12. Amakati ashesha kakhulu kanye nabagibeli abakahle futhi bayazi ukubhukuda.
Amabhubesi asezintabeni athembele kakhulu ekubukeni, ekunukeni nasekuzweni. Basebenzisa amakhwelo aphansi, ukugoqa, ukugoqa nokukhala ezimeni ezahlukahlukene. Kusetshenziswa imisindo emikhulu, eshaya amakhwela ukubiza umama. Ukuthinta kubalulekile esibophweni senhlalo phakathi kukamama newundlu. Ukulebula iphunga kubalulekile ngokwendawo eqokiwe nempilo yokuzala.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ibhubesi lentaba ngokwemvelo
Ibhubesi lentaba endle alikwazi ukukhwelana lize libe nendawo yekhaya. Amabhubesi asezintabeni aqala ukuzala eseneminyaka yobudala emi-3. Njengamanye ama-feline amaningi, amawundlu ezingonyama asezintabeni azalwa eyimpumputhe futhi engenakuzisiza ngokuphelele emasontweni amabili okuqala okuphila, aze amehlo abo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka avuleke ngokuphelele.
Amantshontsho alunyulwa kunina ezinyangeni ezi-2-3. Amabhubesi asezintabeni asanda kuzalwa anezindawo ezizisizayo ukuba zihlangane notshani nokukhanya kwelanga okufiphele. Amehlo abo nawo aguquka kusuka kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka aye kophuzi lapho esenezinyanga eziyi-16 ubudala.
Ngezinyanga eziyi-18, amakati amancane ashiya unina ukuze azinakekele. Umama ubondla cishe izinyanga ezintathu, kepha baqala ukudla inyama cishe emasontweni ayisithupha. Lapho zinezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala, amabala azo aqala ukunyamalala futhi afundiswa ukuzingela. Amantshontsho ahlala nomama wawo izinyanga ezifika kwezili-12-18.
Amathole ezingonyama asezintabeni anobudlova kakhulu kunamazinyane namakati amakati amaningi - awakwazi ukuhlulwa kusukela azalwa, futhi yonke imizamo yokwakha ubungane nengonyama yasentabeni ibonakala yehlulekile. Amabhubesi asezintabeni yizilwane zasendle ngomqondo ongajwayelekile, futhi kubonakala sengathi awafuywanga ngezinga elithile.
Amabhubesi asezintabeni azala unyaka wonke, kepha inkathi yokuzalanisa ivame ukwenzeka phakathi kukaDisemba noMashi. Amabhubesi abesifazane asezintabeni avamise ukuzala njalo eminyakeni emibili. Endle, ibhubesi lentaba lingaphila iminyaka efika kwengu-10. Ekuthunjweni bangaphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-21.
Izitha zemvelo zamabhubesi asezintabeni
Isithombe: Mountain Lion eMelika
Ngokwengxenye enkulu, ibhubesi lasezintabeni alinazo izitha zemvelo futhi liphezulu kochungechunge lokudla. Kodwa-ke, kwesinye isikhathi bancintisana nezinye izidlakela ezifana namabhere nezimpisi ngokudla. Izimpisi ziwusongo lwangempela ezingonyameni zezintaba, ngqo noma ngokungaqondile. Izimpisi azivamile ukudla amazinyane abuleweyo, okusikisela ukuthi zibulala ukuqeda ukuncintisana. Futhi ngenkathi izimpisi zingazibulali izingonyama ezindala zezintaba, kubonakala sengathi zibajaha ngawo wonke amathuba.
Usongo olukhulu engonyameni yezintaba ukulahleka kwendawo. Njengoba abantu bengena ngokujula endaweni yayo yokuhlala, hhayi nje ngokuzalanisa izindlu nemfuyo kuphela, kodwa futhi nemisebenzi yokuzijabulisa, amabhubesi asezintabeni alwela ukudala izindawo zokuzingela ezanele ngaphandle kokuzifaka engozini yokushayisana nabantu. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho lo mhlaseli eba yisisulu sokuzingela indebe, ukuvikelwa kwemfuyo nokuphepha okujwayelekile kwezilwane ezifuywayo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi nezingane.
Imbangela ebaluleke kakhulu yokufa kwamabhubesi asezintabeni ukuzingela, okubalwa cishe isigamu sokufa kwabantu abadala. Isikhathi sokuqala sokuzingelwa kwamabhubesi asezintabeni sasungulwa ngonyaka ka-2005 "njengenkathi yokulinga" futhi le sizini iyaqhubeka nokusetshenziswa njengethuluzi lokuphatha inani lezingonyama zezintaba ezingeni elifunekayo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ibhubesi lentaba libukeka kanjani
Njengamanje, amabhubesi asezintabeni atholakala kakhulu entshonalanga ye-100 ° West longitude (cishe ukusuka edolobheni laseTexas kuya eSaskatchewan), ngaphandle kwaseningizimu yeTexas. Imininingwane ngeCentral kanye naseNingizimu Melika ayitholakali, yize kukholakala ukuthi izindawo ezifanele kakhulu zamabhubesi asezintabeni zihlala lapho.
Ngenkathi kungekho ukulinganiselwa okuqondile kwenani lamabhubesi asezintabeni emhlabeni, kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunabantu abangaba ngu-30,000 eNtshonalanga Melika. Ubuningi bungaba kusuka ebhubeni lezintaba i-1-7 nge-100 km2, nabesilisa bephethe abesifazane abaningi ngaphakathi kwebanga labo lasekhaya.
Namuhla, izinyamazane ezimhlophe ezinomsila omhlophe sezitholile ezindaweni eziningi zangaphambili ze-cougar, futhi izilwane eziningana ziphinde zavela ezifundeni ezingasempumalanga ezinjengeMissouri ne-Arkansas. Abanye ososayensi bezinto eziphilayo bakholelwa ukuthi la makati amakhulu angagcina echaza kabusha iMidwest neMpumalanga yawo - uma abantu bewavumela. Ezindaweni eziningi ezisentshonalanga ye-US nasezifundazweni zaseCanada, inani labantu libhekwa njengelinamandla ngokwanele ukuvumela ukuzingelwa kwezemidlalo.
Amabhubesi asezintabeni ahlukaniswa njengengozi. Inani lezidleke zamabhubesi asezintabeni lingaphansi kuka-50 000 futhi liyaqhubeka nokwehla. Azinazinsongo ezithile ezivela ezilwaneni ngaphandle kwabantu, yize zisebenzelana nezinye izidalwa ezinkulu ezifana nebhere elinsundu nempisi empunga, ezilwela ngazo inyamazane. Lapho uhla lwamabhubesi asezintabeni nama-jaguar ludlulela, ama-jaguar azobusa kakhulu isisulu, futhi ibhubesi lentaba lizothatha inyamazane encane.
Umqaphi webhubesi wasentabeni
Isithombe: Ibhubesi lentaba elivela eNcwadini Ebomvu
Ukulondolozwa kwenani lamabhubesi asezintabeni kuncike ekulondolozweni kwenani elikhulu lendawo yokuhlala. Ibhubesi lentaba ngokuvamile lidinga umhlaba ophindwe cishe izikhathi eziyi-13 kunebhere elimnyama, noma izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-40 kunezinhlanzi. Ngokulondoloza izilwane zasendle ezanele ukugcina inani elizinzile lamabhubesi asezintabeni, ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane ezingenakubalwa ezihlanganyela inzuzo yazo yokuhlala.
Amandla nokunyamba kwebhubesi lasezintabeni sekuyizibonelo zezilwane zasendle ngakho-ke leli kati selizuze indawo evelele emizamweni yokulondolozwa nokubuyiselwa. Isibonelo, kuhlelwa imihubhe yemvelo phakathi kwezindawo zemvelo ezinkulu ukuze kuhlomule izidalwa ezinkulu ezifana nebhubesi elinezimpondo. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ukuhlakazeka kwamabhubesi asezintabeni kungathola kalula futhi kusebenzise amaphaseji endawo, futhi ukuqapha umsakazo kwalezi zilwane ezinkulu kungasetshenziswa ukukhomba izindawo ezifanelekile zokongiwa njengamaphaseji.
I-cougar esempumalanga, i-subspecies yengonyama yasentabeni, yamenyezelwa ngokusemthethweni ukuthi inyamalale yi-U.S. Yezilwane zasendle ngonyaka we-2011, yize abantu abasentshonalanga beqinisekisiwe ukuthi bazulazula baze bayofika ogwini olusempumalanga. Ama-panther aseFlorida, amanye ama-subspecies wamabhubesi asezintabeni zase-US, abhalwe njengezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Abangaphansi kuka-160 panther Florida bahlala endle.
Kusukela ngo-1996, ukuzingelwa kwezingonyama ezintabeni kwavinjelwa e-Argentina, eBrazil, eBolivia, eChile, eColombia, eCosta Rica nakwezinye izindawo eziningi. Zivame ukuzingelwa ngamaphakethe ezinja kuze kube yilapho isilwane "selashwa". Lapho umzingeli efika endaweni yesehlakalo, udubula ikati esihlahleni eduze.
Intaba yebhubesi Ingabe ikati lasendle elikhulu kunawo futhi elinamandla kunawo wonke. Yize ubukhulu bawo nokuba khona kwawo engxenyeni esentshonalanga yezwekazi, la makati awavamile ukubonwa ngabantu. Eqinisweni, "banamahloni", izidalwa ezinesizungu ezichitha iningi lempilo yazo zodwa. Amabhubesi asezintabeni adinga izindawo ezinkulu zokuzivikela kwamanye amabhubesi asezintabeni.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 02.11.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 11.11.2019 ngo-12: 02
