Izinyamazana ZikaDavida - isilwane esihle esiye sahlushwa imisebenzi yabantu nezimo ezingezinhle zemvelo. Ngenxa yezinguquko eziningi endaweni yazo yemvelo, lezi zilwane zisinde ekuthunjweni kuphela. Lezi zinyamazane zingaphansi kokuvikelwa kwamazwe omhlaba, futhi inani labantu lihlala lihlolwe ochwepheshe.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Deer Deer
Izinyamazane zikaDavid zibizwa nangokuthi "mila". Lesi yisilwane esivame ukwedlula ama-zoo futhi asihlali endle. Kungokwasemndenini wezinyamazane - omunye wemindeni emikhulu yezilwane ezincelisayo ezidla ubhedu.
Izinyamazane zisatshalaliswa cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba: ezindaweni ezibandayo zaseYakutia naseFar North, kanye nase-Australia, eNew Zealand, eMelika naseYurophu yonke. Sekukonke, umndeni uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-51 ezaziwayo, yize kukhona izingxabano ngokuhlukaniswa kwezinye izinyamazane njengezilwane ezihlukile.
Ividiyo: Inyamazane kaDavid
Izinyamazane zihlukene ngendlela emangalisayo. Usayizi wabo ungaba mncane kakhulu - usayizi kanogwaja, oyinyamazane ye-pudu. Kukhona nezinyamazane ezinkulu kakhulu ezifinyelela ukuphakama nesisindo samahhashi - i-moose. Izinyamazane eziningi zinezimpondo, okuvamise ukuba kube ngabesilisa kuphela.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kungakhathaleki ukuthi izinyamazane zihlala kuphi, zisazoshintsha izimpondo zayo minyaka yonke.
Izinyamazane zokuqala zavela e-Asia ngesikhathi se-Oligocene. Ukusuka lapho basakazeka ngokushesha kulo lonke elaseYurophu ngenxa yokufuduka okungapheli. Ibhuloho lemvelo lezwekazi eliya eNyakatho Melika nalo libe nomthelela ekoloniyoni yaleli zwekazi ngezinyamazane.
Ezigabeni zokuqala zokuba khona kwazo, izinyamazane, njengezinye izilwane eziningi, zaziyizidlakela. Ngenxa yezinguquko zesimo sezulu, zehle kakhulu ngosayizi, yize ziseyizitshalo ezinkulu kakhulu.
Izinyamazane ziyizimpawu zamasiko amaningi, ezivame ukutholakala ezinganekwaneni ngendlela yezilwane ezihloniphekile, ezinesibindi nezinesibindi. Izinyamazane zivame ukumela amandla esilisa, ikakhulu ngenxa yendlela yesithembu yokuphila kwabesilisa.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Kubukeka Kanjani Inyamazane KaDavid
Inyamazana kaDavida isilwane esikhulu. Ubude bomzimba wayo bungafinyelela ku-215 cm, kanti ukuphakama lapho kubuna kungu-140 cm kwabesilisa. Isisindo somzimba wayo kwesinye isikhathi sidlula i-190 kg, nokuyinto eningi edla imifino. Lezi zinyamazane zinomsila omude impela - cishe u-50 cm.
Ingxenye engenhla yomzimba wale nyamazane inombala onsundu ngokubomvu ehlobo, kanti isisu, isifuba nemilenze yangaphakathi ilula kakhulu. Ebusika, izinyamazane ziyafudumala, zithole umbala ompunga ngokubomvu, kuthi ingxenye yazo engezansi iba ukhilimu. Okucacile kwale nyamazane yizinwele zokuqapha, ezinesakhiwo se-wavy futhi ezingashintshi unyaka wonke. Lezi izinwele ezinde ezimahhadla, okuyisendlalelo sezinwele zezinyamazane.
Ngemuva, ukusuka kugema kuya okhalweni, kunomugqa omnyama omnyama, inhloso yawo ayaziwa. Ikhanda lale nyamazane linwetshiwe, lincishisiwe, linamehlo amancane namakhala amakhulu. Izindlebe zezinyamazane zikhulu, zikhombe kancane futhi ziyahamba.
Izinyamazane zikaDavid zinemilenze emide enezinselo ezibanzi. Isithende eside sezinselo singakhombisa indawo yokuhlala amanzi inyamazane ehamba ngayo ngaphandle kobunzima ngenxa yalesi sakhiwo somzimba. Ingxenye yesithende sezinselo inganwetshwa njengoba kudingeka.
Ngasikhathi sinye, umzimba wenyamazana ubonakala umude ngokungalingani, ngokungafani nokwakheka kwenye inyamazane enkulu. Umsila wenyamazane nayo ayijwayelekile - ibukeka njengomsila wembongolo onwetshiwe onebhulashi ekugcineni. Eziduna zinezimpondo ezinkulu eziyindilinga ngokuhlukana. Maphakathi, ingxenye ejiyile, igatsha lezimpondo, nezinqubo ziqondiswa ngemikhawulo ebukhali emuva.
Futhi, abesilisa bazishintsha lezi zimpondo cishe kabili ngonyaka - ngoNovemba nangoJanuwari. Abesifazane bancane kancane kunabesilisa futhi abanalo uphondo, ngaphandle kwalokho abanakho ukufiphala kocansi.
Ihlala kuphi inyamazane kaDavid?
Isithombe: Deer of David eChina
Izinyamazane zikaDavid yisilwane esihlala kuphela eChina. Ekuqaleni, indawo yayo engokwemvelo yayilinganiselwe emaxhaphozini nasehlathini elinomswakama laseCentral China nengxenye yalo emaphakathi. Ngeshwa, lolu hlobo luye lwasinda kuphela ema-zoo.
Isakhiwo somzimba sezinselo zezinyamazane uDavid sikhuluma ngothando lwakhe ngezifunda ezimanzi. Izinselo zayo zibanzi kakhulu, zidlala indima yezicathulo zeqhwa, kodwa exhaphozini. Ngenxa yalesi sakhiwo sezinselo, inyamazane ibingahamba ezindaweni ezinyakazayo kakhulu, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye ingazizwa ingakhululekile futhi ingaminzi.
Inhloso yokuma komzimba omude kwale nyamazane nayo iyacaca. Isisindo sisatshalaliswa ngokulingana kuyo yonke imilenze emine yalesi silwane, esivumela nokuthi sigcinwe emaxhaphozini nakwezinye izindawo ezinenhlabathi engazinzile.
Imilenze yale nyamazane inamandla kakhulu, kodwa ngasikhathi sinye ayithambekele ekugijimeni ngokushesha. Amaxhaphozi, lapho lezi zinyamazane zazihlala khona, zidinga ukuhamba ngokucophelela futhi kuhamba kancane, futhi ngale ndlela inyamazane ihamba ngisho nasenhlabathini ezinzile.
Namuhla inyamazane kaDavid itholakala ema-zoo amaningi amakhulu emhlabeni. Okokuqala, lawa angama-zoo amaShayina, lapho lolu hlobo lwezinyamazane luhlonishwa ngendlela ekhethekile. Kepha ingatholakala futhi eRussia - e-Zoo yaseMoscow, lapho lolu hlobo lwezinhlobo olugcinwe khona kusukela ngo-1964.
Manje uyazi lapho kutholakala khona inyamazane kaDavid. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Zidlani izinyamazane zikaDavid?
Isithombe: Izinyamazane zikaDavid
Izinyamazane zikaDavid ziyizilwane ezidla inyama kuphela, njengabo bonke abanye abamele umndeni wezinyamazane. Kuma-zoo, uzondla ngokudla kwemvelo - utshani obukhula ngaphansi kwezinyawo zakhe. Yize ochwepheshe benikeza izithako zokudla okunempilo kulezi zilwane ukuze zibe nempilo futhi ziphile isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka.
Indawo yemvelo inquma okunye okuthandwa yilezi zilwane.
Isibonelo, izitshalo ezilandelayo zingafakwa ekudleni kwazo:
- noma iziphi izitshalo zasemanzini - iminduze yamanzi, umhlanga, umhlanga;
- udaka lwexhaphozi;
- izimpande zezitshalo zomswakama, izinyamazane ezifinyelela kuzo ngosizo lwezibopho ezinde;
- ubulembu nobulembu. Ngenxa yokukhula kwazo okuphezulu nezintamo ezinde, lezi zinyamazane zingafinyelela kalula ekukhuleni komude omude. Bangakwazi futhi ukuma ngemilenze yabo yangemuva ukuze bathole ukwelashwa;
- amaqabunga ezihlahleni.
Akuvamile ukuthi izinyamazane zidle ngengozi amagundane amancane - ama-chipmunks, amagundane, njalonjalo - ngenkathi zondla. Lokhu akulimazi izimila ezidla utshani nganoma iyiphi indlela, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kugcwalisa inani elidingekayo lamaprotheni emzimbeni.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Imikhuba efanayo yokudla ehlotshaniswa nokondla izimbali zasemanzini iyabonwa enyamazaneni enkulu kunazo zonke, i-elk.
Njengamahhashi, izinyamazane zithanda usawoti nezinto ezimnandi. Ngakho-ke, ucezu olukhulu lukasawoti lubekwa endaweni ebiyelwe enezinyamazane, ezilukhotha kancane kancane. Futhi, lezi zilwane zithanda izaqathe nama-apula, atotoswa ngabagcini bezilwane. Lokhu kudla kulinganisiwe ngokwanele ukugcina izilwane ziphilile.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Izinyamazane zikaDavid ebusika
Izinyamazane zikaDavide ziyizilwane ezifuywayo. Abesilisa nabesifazane bahlala emhlambini owodwa omkhulu, kodwa ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, abesilisa basuka kude nabesifazane. Ngokuvamile, izilwane azinalo ulaka, zifuna ukwazi futhi azesabi abantu ngenxa yokuxhumana nazo njalo.
Okucacile ngalezi zinyamazane futhi ukuthi ziyathanda ukubhukuda. Yize manje bengahlali endaweni yabo yemvelo, lesi sici sisaphila kuze kube yilolu suku futhi sidluliselwa ngofuzo. Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni ezivulekile zalezi zinyamazane, zimba isiziba esikhulu, lapho zengeza khona izitshalo eziningi zasemanzini.
Lezi zinyamazane zingalala emanzini isikhathi eside, zibhukude futhi ziphakele, zifake ikhanda lazo ngokuphelele emanzini. Azikho ezinye izinyamazane ezinothando olunjalo ngamanzi nokubhukuda - iningi lezilwane ezidla izilwane ezidla imfuyo ziyayigwema le ndawo ngoba azibhukudi kahle. Izinyamazane zikaDavid ziyabhukudi elihle kakhulu - lokhu kuphinde kwenziwe lula ukwakheka komzimba wakhe nokwakheka kwezinselo zakhe.
Emhlambini wezinyamazane, njengomthetho, umholi oyedwa wesilisa omkhulu, abesifazane abaningana kanye nenani elincane kakhulu labesilisa abancane. Endle, umholi waxosha abesilisa abavuthiwe emhlambini, imvamisa ngokulwa njengoba abathunjwa bephikisana nesinqumo somholi. Kwabesilisa abancane abaxoshwa emhlambini, izintokazi eziningana zingahamba.
Ekuthunjweni, izinyamazane ezikhulile zimane zithuthelwe kwezinye izindawo, zengeza izinsikazi eziningana kubo ngasikhathi sinye. Lokhu kugwema izimpi ezishubile phakathi kwabesilisa, futhi kuvumela nabesilisa ababuthaka ukuthi nabo bashiye inzalo, okusiza ukubuyisa inani labantu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: David's Cub
Isikhathi sokukhwelana sibonakala ngokulwa kwangempela phakathi kwabesilisa. Zishayisana ngezimpondo, i-push nokukhala. Ngaphezu kwezimpondo, basebenzisa amazinyo nezinselo ezinkulu njengezikhali - empini enjalo, ukulimala akuvamile.
Umholi wesilisa uhlaselwa njalo ngamanye amadoda, nawo enza sengathi azokhwelana ngalesi sikhathi. Ngakho-ke, inyamazane kufanele ivikele abesifazane bayo ezimpini ezivamile. Ngalesi sikhathi, abaholi besilisa abalokothi badle futhi banciphise isisindo, yingakho beba buthakathaka futhi bavame ukwehlulwa ezimpini. Ngemuva kwesikhathi sokubamba, abesilisa badla kakhulu.
Izinyamazane zikaDavid azizali ngokweqile. Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe, owesifazane uzala amawundlu ama-2-3, ngemuva kwalokho angene ebudaleni futhi akakwazi ukuzala. Ngasikhathi sinye, umuthi uvela njalo, kanti owesilisa uhlanganisa cishe zonke izinsikazi ezisendaweni yakhe minyaka yonke. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi izinyamazane zikaDavid zazala kangcono kakhulu endle.
Ukukhulelwa kwenyamazane yesifazane uDavid kuthatha izinyanga eziyisikhombisa. Uhlala ezala ithole elilodwa, elifika ngokushesha ezinyaweni bese liqala ukuhamba. Ekuqaleni, uzondla ngobisi lukamama, kodwa maduzane ushintsha ukutshala ukudla.
Ama-Little fawns akha uhlobo lwenkulisa. Lapho, zonke izinsikazi zomhlambi ziyazinakekela, yize inkukhu izondla kunina kuphela. Noma kungafa umama, imvubu ayizukudla kusuka kwabanye besifazane, futhi ngeke bamvumele ukuthi aphuze ubisi lwabo, ngakho-ke kuphela ukondliwa okufakelwayo okungenzeka.
Izitha zemvelo zezinyamazane zikaDavide
Isithombe: Izinyamazane zikaDavid
Izinyamazane zikaDavid zazinezitha ezimbalwa kakhulu zemvelo ngenkathi zisendle. Indawo abahlala kuyo yenza ukuthi izinyamazane zingavikeleki ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye ezazingathandi ukungena endaweni enexhaphozi. Ngakho-ke, izinyamazane zikaDavid ziyizilwane ezithembe ngokwedlulele futhi ezinokuthula, akuvamile ukubalekela ingozi.
Umzingeli omkhulu ongasongela inyamazane kaDavid ingwe emhlophe. Lesi silwane sihlala endaweni yaseChina futhi sihlala phezulu ochungechungeni lokudla lwezilwane zaleli zwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli hlosi lithule kakhulu futhi liyaqapha, okwamvumela ukuthi azingele izinyamazane zikaDavid ngisho nasezindaweni zokuhlala ezingezinhle kangako.
Izinyamazane zikaDavid zazingavamile ukuwela izisulu. Ngenxa yokunganaki kwabo, izidumbu zazingazingeli nje kuphela abantu abadala, ababuthakathaka noma abancane, kepha futhi nabantu abadala impela. Ukuphela kwendlela yokuphunyuka ekubanjweni yisilo esesabekayo ukugijimela phakathi exhaphozini, lapho inyamazane ingeke icwile khona, futhi ihlosi, kungenzeka, lihlupheke.
Futhi, izinyamazane zikaDavid zinezimpawu ezahlukahlukene zemisindo ezazisa izihlobo zazo ngengozi. Abazisebenzisi kangako, yize zinomsindo omkhulu futhi zingadida umhlaseli.
Izinyamazane zesilisa zikaDavid, njengamaduna ezinye izinhlobo zezinyamazane, ziyakwazi ukuvikela umhlambi wazo ezilwaneni ezizingelayo. Basebenzisa izimpondo nemilenze eqinile njengesivikelo - bangakwazi ngisho nokukhahlela isitha njengamahhashi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Kubukeka Kanjani Inyamazane KaDavid
Izinyamazane zikaDavid zacishe zabhujiswa ngokuphelele ngabantu, futhi kuphela ngenxa yemizamo yochwepheshe, inani labo labantekenteke laqala ukusimama ema-zoo. Izinyamazane zikaDavid, ezihlala emaxhaphozini aseCentral China, zanyamalala ngenxa yokuzingela okungalawuleki nokuqedwa kwamahlathi okukhulu.
Ukuqothulwa kwaqala ukuvela ngo-1368. Ngemuva kwalokho umhlambi omncane wezinyamazane zikaDavid wasinda kuphela engadini ye-Imperial Ming Dynasty. Kwakungenzeka futhi ukuzingela, kepha kuphela emndenini wasebukhosini. Abanye abantu bavinjelwe ekuzingeleni lezi zilwane, okwakuyisinyathelo sokuqala ekulondolozeni abantu.
Isithunywa sevangeli saseFrance u-Armand David weza eChina ngodaba lwezombusazwe futhi wahlangana okokuqala nezinyamazane zikaDavid (kamuva ezaqanjwa ngaye). Kuphela ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi yezingxoxo, wancenga umbusi ukuthi anikeze imvume yokuhoxa kwabantu baye eYurophu, kepha eFrance naseJalimane izilwane zafa ngokushesha. Kepha bathatha izimpande endaweni yamaNgisi, okwabuye kwaba yisinyathelo esibalulekile ekubuyiselweni kwabantu.
Eminye imicimbi emibili nayo ibe nomthelela ekubhujisweni kwezinyamazane:
- Okokuqala, ngo-1895, uMfula oPhuzi wagcwala, wagcwala izindawo eziningi lapho kwakuhlala khona izinyamazane zikaDavid. Izilwane eziningi zaminza, ezinye zabaleka futhi azalithola ithuba lokuzala, kanti ezinye zabulawa abalimi abalambile;
- okwesibili, izinyamazane ezisele zabhujiswa ngesikhathi sokuvukela ngo-1900. Yaphela kanjalo impilo yezinyamazane zaseChina.
Bahlala kuphela efeni laseBrithani. Ngesikhathi sika-1900, inani labantu ababebalwa cishe lalingu-15. Kulapho izinyamazane zayiswa ezweni lazo - eChina, lapho ziqhubeka khona nokuzala ziphephile e-zoo.
Unogada wezinyamazane zikaDavide
Isithombe: Deer of David from the Red Book
Izinyamazane zikaDavid zibhalwe ku-International Red Book. Bahlala ekuthunjweni kuphela - ema-zoo emhlabeni jikelele. Abantu bayakwazi ukuhlala bezinzile, yize bebancane kakhulu.
E-China kunohlelo lombuso lokusatshalaliswa kwezinyamazane zikaDavid ezindaweni ezivikelwe. Zikhishwa ngokucophelela eziqiwini futhi zibhekwe njalo, ngoba izilwane ezidla ezinye, abazingeli abazingela ngokungemthetho kanye nezingozi zingaphazamisa inani lentekenteke lalezi zilwane.
Okwamanje, inani lezinyamazane emhlabeni wonke libala cishe izilwane eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili - konke lokhu kuyinzalo yalabo bantu abayishumi nanhlanu abavela efeni laseBrithani. Ukudedela endle, empeleni, akwenziwa, yize izilwane zifundiswa kancane kancane ukuhlala ngokuhlukile kubantu.
Izinyamazana ZikaDavida inomlando omangazayo osikhombisa ukuthi ngisho nohlobo lwenhlobo oluthathwa njengolungasekho lungaphila ngezibonelo ezilodwa futhi luqhubeke lukhona. Sethemba ukuthi izinyamazane zikaDavid zizokwazi ukubuyela endle futhi zithathe indawo yazo ezilwaneni zaseChina.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 21.10.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09.09.2019 ngo-12: 35
