URosella - lesi ngesinye sopholi abahle kakhulu, esihlukile kwezinye izinyoni zalolu hlobo ngombala ongajwayelekile onezimpaphe. Igama lesayensi lalolu hlobo uPlatycercus eximius, futhi okokuqala le nyoni yachazwa kuphela maphakathi nekhulu le-19, lapho ososayensi bokuqala befika e-Australia.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Rosella
URosella, njengohlobo oluhlukile, wasungulwa eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa eyedlule. Izincazelo ezinokwethenjelwa zopholi zitholakala ezincwadini zabomdabu base-Australia. Ososayensi be-ornithology bathi i-rosella iyinhlobo efanayo yasendulo njenge-cockatoo noma i-cockatoo.
Lolu hlobo lukapholi luhlukaniswa yimpaphe yalo emibalabala emangalisayo, ubuhle nomusa wayo wemvelo. URosella ngopholi abaphakathi nendawo. Ubude bomzimba wale nyoni busuka kumasentimitha angama-25 kuye kwangama-35, isisindo sale nyoni asidluli amagremu angama-50, kanti amaphiko angaba ngamasentimitha ayi-15.
Ividiyo: Rosella
Umbala walenyoni ugqamile. Ingemuva eliphezulu limnyama (kwesinye isikhathi lifakwe kokumhlophe), kepha uphaphe ngalunye ngemuva luphela ngokuluhlaza okotshani. Ezansi impela ngemuva, izimpaphe zakha indawo enkulu eluhlaza okotshani, zinika upholi ukubukeka okuhle. Ezihlathini zezinyoni kukhona ama-specks anemibala ehlukahlukene, umbala wawo uncike kuma-subspecies we-rosella.
Isici esihlukile se-rosella ngumsila waso obanzi, ongajwayelekile emndenini wopholi. Umsila we-rosella uhlelwe ngendlela yokuthi wakhe uhlobo lwezinyathelo. Ngenxa yesakhiwo somsila esingavamile, i-rosella ingahamba ngokushesha, okuvumela inyoni ukuba indize ngisho nasehlathini elicinene kakhulu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-rosella yowesilisa nowesifazane iyahluka komunye nomunye kuphela ngokugqama kombala. Abesilisa bakhanya kakhulu kunabesifazane, okubasiza ukuba bahehe abashade nabo ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Ngokwamanye amapharamitha (usayizi, isisindo, amaphiko), i-rosella yowesifazane neyesilisa icishe ifane.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani uRosella
Ubukhulu, amaphiko kanye nombala we-rosella kuncike kuma-subspecies okuyinyoni engaphansi kwayo.
Ngalesi sikhathi, izazi ze-ornithologists zihlukanisa izinhlobo ezingaphansi zopholi abalandelayo:
- i-variegated (classic) i-rosella. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lukapholi. Itholakala cishe kulo lonke elase-Australia, kanye naseziQhingini zaseTasman. Ubukhulu benyoni ngamasentimitha angama-30-33, futhi isici esivelele salolu hlobo luyizinsalela ezinhle kakhulu ezinomngcele ohlaza okotshani. Njengomthetho, yilolu hlobo lwama-parrot avame ukukhuliswa ekhaya, ngoba ama-subspecies ahlukaniswa ngumlingiswa we-phlegmatic namakhono aphezulu wokuguquguquka;
- okubomvu (penant) rosella. Inyoni enkulu emndenini. Usayizi womuntu omdala ufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-36-37. Ikhanda nesifuba sikapholi kubomvu ngokugqamile, isisu siluhlaza, kuthi emuva kumnyama. Ngasikhathi sinye, kunamabala aluhlaza okotshani ezihlathini zale nyoni. Upholi obomvu unolaka kakhulu kunalo lonke uhlobo futhi uvame ukungqubuzana nezihlobo ezincane;
- i-rosella eluhlaza. Ama-parrot ale subspecies nawo angafinyelela kuma-35-36 amasentimitha ubude, kepha ngokungafani nozakwabo ababomvu, anokuthula okuningi. Ama-subspecies athola igama lawo ngenxa yokuthi izimpaphe ezisekhanda, entanyeni nasesifubeni sale nyoni zinombala oluhlaza okotshani. Umbala wopholi unikezwa iqiniso lokuthi izimpaphe ebunzini lazo zibomvu, kanti intamo imnyama bhakabhaka. Le nyoni ihlala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Australia naseTasmania, futhi umbala oluhlaza uyayisiza ekuzifihleni;
- i-rosella eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Mhlawumbe ama-subspecies amahle kakhulu kapholi. Ngokungafani nozakwabo abanemibala egqamile, lo pholi ubukeka umubi kakhulu. Umhlane wayo umbozwe uphaphe olumnyama olunombala ophuzi okhanyayo, ikhanda eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nesisu esifanayo. Izimpaphe ezibomvu kuphela ezinikeza izinongo kumbala;
- i-rosella enamahlathi aphuzi. Upholi omncane futhi omuhle kunabo bonke ohlobo. Umuntu omdala ufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-25-27, kodwa inyoni inezimpaphe ezikhanya kakhulu. Umhlane oluhlaza onamacala amnyama, ikhanda elibomvu, isifuba nesisu namachashaza aphuzi ezihlathini enza upholi ube muhle kakhulu. Kaningi, le nyoni izalelwa ekuthunjweni, ngoba usayizi wayo omncane uvumela upholi ukuba uzizwe umuhle emakhejini ajwayelekile.
Uhlala kuphi uRosella?
Isithombe: Rosella e-Australia
URosella, njengezinye izinyoni eziningi ezingajwayelekile, ungowokuzalwa e-Australia. Isikhathi eside leli zwekazi lahlukaniswa nomhlaba wonke, futhi lokhu kwaba yisizathu sokwakhiwa kohlelo oluyingqayizivele lwemvelo. Eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, kudedelwe izinyoni kwezinye iziqhingi eziningi, kepha kuphela iziqhingi zaseTasman ezigxilile, isimo sezulu esifana ncamashi nesase-Australia.
Izinyoni zikhetha ukuhlala esihlokweni, emaphethelweni amahlathi asendle noma ehlathini lase-Australia (izindawo ezinkulu ezimbozwe izihlahlana ezinde). Izimpiko ze-rosella azivumelaniswanga nezindiza ezinde, ngakho-ke azihlanganisi amabanga amade, zikhetha ukuchitha impilo yazo yonke endaweni efanayo. Hhayi amandla okundiza amabanga amade, uRosella unxephezela ikhono lokuhamba ngokushesha emhlabathini ngisho nokuhlala emigodini yonogwaja eshiyiwe.
Ngemuva kokuthi abantu beqale ukuhlola ngenkuthalo isihlahla sase-Australia, ama-parrot aqala ukuhlala emapaki ngisho nasezingadini ezincane eziseduze nezindlwana. Ngenxa yokuhleleka kwezinyoni nesimo sazo esinokuthula, amapholi ahlalisana kahle nabantu futhi awanamahloni ngokuba khona kwawo.
URosella ukhiqiza kahle ekuthunjweni, uhlala kahle ekhaya, futhi izidingo eziyinhloko zokugcinwa kwazo amazinga okushisa aphezulu. Izinyoni zine-thermophilic kakhulu futhi ngokungagunci zizizwa kabi uma izinga lokushisa lomoya lehla ngaphansi kwezingu-15 degrees.
Udla ini uRosella?
Isithombe: Rosella Parrot
Ngokuvamile, ukudla kwe-rosella akuhlukile kokunye upholi. Umehluko ukuthi i-rosella ichitha usuku lonke emhlabathini, okusho ukuthi ukudla okuyinhloko kwale nyoni imbewu yezitshalo, okusanhlamvu kanye namahlumela amancane.
Opholi bayakujabulela ukudla:
- imifino emisha;
- izithelo ezinokushukela okuphezulu;
- okusanhlamvu nembewu (kufaka nezitshalo zezolimo);
- izitshalo ezincane;
- ukuthola ukugaya okungcono, upholi ugwinya amatshe amancane noma amagobolondo amancane e-limestone.
URosella ungumzingeli omuhle. Bayakujabulela ukudla izinambuzane nezibungu, ezilimaza izitshalo. Ngakho-ke, abalimi abalokothi baxoshe amapholi emasimini abo bazi ukuthi bawalungele. Uma inyoni igcinwa ekhaya, khona-ke ngaphezu kokudla okujwayelekile kwamapholi, okunye ukudla kuyadingeka.
URosella kufanele anikezwe ushizi we-cottage, amaqanda abilisiwe, ngoba le mikhiqizo iyimithombo emihle kakhulu ye-calcium. Izinyoni zithanda ubhanana, amapheya anamanzi nama-apula. Kepha ngesinkwa esimhlophe kudingeka uqaphele. Ama-parrot awudla kahle, kepha inani elidliwayo kufanele lilinganiselwe, ngoba lingadala ukuvutshelwa esiswini futhi libe isizathu sokulinganisa i-rosella.
Kubalulekile ukungavimbeli i-rosella emanzini. Ngokungafani nezintaka, upholi awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle ketshezi izinsuku ezimbalwa futhi kufanele ube nokufinyelela emanzini okuphuza ahlanzekile kuphela.
Manje usuyazi ukuthi ungamnakekela kanjani nokuthi ungamondla kanjani uRosella. Ake sibheke ukuthi upholi uphila kanjani endle.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Bird Rosella
Ama-Roselles yizinyoni ezifundayo ezihlala ndawonye ngamaqembu amancane abantu abangama-20-30. Izinyoni zinobungane futhi zijabule, zijwayela ngokushesha izimo ezishintshayo futhi ziyakwazi ukuhlala zisondele kubantu. AbakwaRosell bahlakaniphe ngokwanele, bayaqaphela futhi bayakwazi ukuxhumanisa izenzo.
Izinyoni zichitha ubusuku nemini ndawonye. Izinyoni nazo zindiza ngamaqembu amakhulu ziyofuna ukudla. Izikhathi zokuzalela kuphela lapho izinyoni zihlukana ngababili, kepha ziyaqhubeka nokuhlala zisondelene. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ukuthi izidleke ezi-2-3 zopholi zibekwe endaweni yamamitha ayisikwele amaningana.
URosella wakha izidleke phakathi kwamagatsha ezihlahla ekuphakameni kwamamitha ama-5-7 ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi. Imvamisa, amapholi angena emigodini ezihlahleni noma emigodini ekhululekile onogwaja phansi. Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi endle, zopholi bahlala emhlambini, ekhaya bashesha ukuzivumelanisa nokuphila bodwa, ngokuzithandela ukuxhumana nabantu futhi bayakwazi ukufunda ukuhlala emahlombe abo.
Lolu hlobo lwenyoni luyakwazi ukufunda amagama ambalwa, kodwa ngokuzithandela nangokushesha okukhulu, i-rosellas ibamba ngekhanda imisindo ephindaphinda imisindo nemiculo elula abayizwa kaningi ngosuku. Kunezimo lapho uRosells alingisa ngobuciko umsindo wenjini egijimayo noma iringithoni ku-smartphone.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Owesilisa uRosella
Isikhathi sokuzalela opholi senzeka ngo-Okthoba-Novemba. Ngalesi sikhathi, ihlathi lase-Australia linamanzi anele ukuthi izinyoni zizale ngaphandle kokwesaba isomiso esingalindelekile. Owesilisa unakekela insikazi ngokuthinta. Wenza imidanso yokukhwelana, aphaphe izimpaphe futhi ashicilele izingoma zomculo.
Owesilisa unikeza nowesifazane umuthi (izinambuzane ezivame ukubanjwa), futhi uma emukela umnikelo, kwakheka umbhangqwana ozinzile. Bobabili abazali babambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwesidleke. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, isidleke singahlelwa hhayi kuphela phakathi kwamagatsha esihlahla, kepha futhi nasemigodini, ngisho nasemigodini.
Ekwakhiweni, kusetshenziswa amahlumela omile nezixuku zotshani, kanti ngaphakathi esidlekeni kufakwe ubumanzi, ubulembu nezimpaphe. Njengomthetho, amaqanda angu-4-8 avela esidlekeni, futhi inani lawo alincikile kuphela ekuzaleni kwabesifazane, kodwa futhi nasezimweni zezulu. Kunamaqanda ambalwa ngonyaka owomile kunangonyaka wemvula.
Kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-25 ukufukama amaqanda, ngemuva kwalokho amaphuphu avela abonakala embozwe ubumnyama obumnyama. Ngemuva kwenyanga nje kuphela amaphuphu ashiya isidleke, kepha amasonto ambalwa ahlala nabazali bawo futhi afunde isayensi yokuphila emhlambini omkhulu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kokubili ngesikhathi sokufukamela kwamaqanda nangesikhathi sokukhula kwamachwane, yiduna kuphela elihlanganyela ekufuneni inyamazane. Izinyanga ezimbili wondla kokubili insikazi kanye nenzalo. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa be-rosella basebenza kakhulu ekubambeni izinambuzane futhi kaningi, isisindo esiphelele sezilwane ngosuku silingana nesisindo senyoni uqobo.
Ama-parrot afinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ezinyangeni eziyi-15, ngemuva kwalokho akwazi ukwakha ama-pair futhi alethe inzalo entsha.
Izitha zikaRosella zemvelo
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani uRosella
Endle, uRosella unezitha eziningi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi le nyoni ayikwazi ukuhamba ngezindiza ezinde futhi ayizizwa idungeka kakhulu emoyeni. Ingozi ibuye yengezwe yiqiniso lokuthi i-rosella ivame ukuhlala emigodini, okwenza isidleke sitholakale ezidlekeni ezisemhlabeni. Izilwane ezinamaphiko ziwusongo olukhulu ku-rosella. Le nyoni ivame ukuba yizisulu zoKlebe, ezibamba kalula nje isisulu esinjalo.
Kodwa-ke, izitha eziyinhloko zopholi zingacatshangelwa:
- izinyoka ezinkulu ezidlayo;
- izibankwa;
- Izilwane ezinamaphiko.
Izidleke ezisongelwa kakhulu zitholakala phansi noma esihlahleni ezindaweni eziphansi. Akunzima ngezinyoka ukukhuphukela ebangeni eliphakeme lamamitha amaningana futhi zidle amaqanda noma amatshwele. Ngokulandelayo, izibankwa zingafinyelela kuphela izidleke ze-rosella, eziphakeme ngokungekho ngaphezu kwamamitha ambalwa.
Ngisho namakati asekhaya angaba usongo. Amakati angabamba umuntu omdala ogejayo futhi angazincishi injabulo yokonakalisa i-clutch noma adle ngamatshwele. Kodwa okwenziwa ngabantu cishe akuzicasuli izinyoni.
Noma izindlu zabantu zisondela ezindaweni zezidleke zezinyoni, upholi awunamahloni nakancane ngale nto. Akuvamile ukuthi ama-rosellas ahlala emapaki nasezingadini zezithelo, amamitha ambalwa ukusuka ezindlini zokuhlala.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Rosella
Kufanele kushiwo ngokushesha ukuthi i-rosella, njengenhlobo yezinyoni, ayikho engozini. E-Australia, lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zopholi futhi nemisebenzi yabantu enamandla ayinakubangela ukuphazamiseka okuthile ezinyonini.
Njengamanje, e-Australia, kunezipholi ezingaba yizinkulungwane ezingama-500 zalesi silwane, ezichuma cishe kulo lonke izwekazi ngaphandle kwezifunda ezomile. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, i-rosellas iyakwazi ukukhiqiza inzalo engu-2 ngonyaka, okunciphisa amathuba okuqothulwa kwabo kube yi-zero. Cishe izinyoni eziyizinkulungwane eziyikhulu zihlala eTasman Islands, inani lazo eligcinwa nasezingeni elifanayo.
Kube nemizamo eminingana yokudedela amapholi eCalifornia naseFlorida, kepha izinyoni zehlulekile ukudala isibalo sabantu lapho. Ngokusho kososayensi, ngo-2017, amaRosellas angadluli ezinkulungwaneni ezimbalwa ahlala e-United States, futhi inani lawo alikhuphuki. Ososayensi bathi lokhu kubangelwa ukudla okungavamile nokuncintisana okuphezulu nezinye izinyoni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani elikhulu lezinyoni zihlala kuwo wonke ama-zoo emhlabeni ngisho nasemakhaya abathandi bezinyoni. Futhi yize uRosellas ethanda ukukhetha ngababili, ukubazala ekuthunjweni akunzima. Uma kwenzeka kuba nosongo kubantu, kuzokwazi ukuyibuyisa ngokushesha, kususwe inani elidingekayo labantu ekuthunjweni.
URosella - upholi omuhle futhi ohlakaniphile. Izinyoni zibukeka zivumelane ngokulinganayo endaweni yazo yemvelo nasekhejini elikhulu ekhaya. Lezi zinyoni zihlukaniswa nokuzivumelanisa nezimo okuhle kakhulu, uhlamvu lwe-phlegmatic kanye nokuhlakanipha okuphezulu. Ngokubekezela okufanele, bangaqeqeshwa ukuhlala ehlombe labo futhi balandele umuntu.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: Septhemba 17, 2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/10/2019 ngo-17: 59
