Angler - isidalwa esingajwayelekile solwandle esifana nezilo ezivela enganekwaneni. Kuyamangalisa futhi akufani nabanye. Zonke izici zangaphandle zenzelwe ukuhlala ngaphansi kongqimba olukhulu lwamanzi, ekujuleni okumnyama nokungangeneki. Ake sizame ukutadisha ngokuningiliziwe impilo yabo yezinhlanzi engaqondakali, singagxili ekubukekeni kuphela, kodwa futhi nasemikhubeni yabo, isimo sabo, izindlela zabo zokuzalisa kanye nokuthandwa kokudla.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Angler
Ama-anglers abizwa nangokuthi i-monkfish, angaphansi kwe-suborder of deep-sea ray-finned fish, nge-oda le-anglerfish. Umbuso walezi zinhlanzi utholakala ekujuleni kolwandle olukhulu. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi i-anglerfish yokuqala yavela eMhlabeni eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-100 edlule. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, lezi zinhlanzi ezimangalisayo zisacwaningisiswa kabi, ngokusobala ngenxa yokuba khona kolwandle olujulile.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Abesifazane kuphela abanenduku yokudoba phakathi kwabadobi.
Wonke ama-anglers ahlukaniswe imindeni eyi-11, equkethe izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-120 zezinhlanzi. Izinhlobo ezihlukile ziyahluka hhayi kuphela ezindaweni zokuthunyelwa unomphela, kepha futhi ngosayizi, isisindo, nezinye izici zangaphandle.
Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo kukhona:
- ama-anglerfish ama-black-bellied (eNingizimu Yurophu);
- I-anglerfish yaseMpumalanga Ekude;
- I-American anglerfish;
- I-anglerfish yaseYurophu;
- I-anglerfish yasentshonalanga ye-Atlantic;
- i-cape anglerfish;
- I-anglerfish yaseNingizimu Afrika.
Izinduku zabesifazane zokudoba zinesakhiwo esihlukile, ukuma nosayizi, konke kuncike ohlotsheni lwezinhlanzi. Ukukhula okuhlukahlukene kwesikhumba kungenzeka ku-illicia. Kwamanye ama-anglers, banamandla okusonga futhi bandise besebenzisa isiteshi esikhethekile emmangweni. Iyalokoza ebumnyameni, i-Esca yindlala egcwele umqubuko oqukethe amabhaktheriya e-bioluminescent. Inhlanzi uqobo lwayo ibangela ukukhanya noma iyimise, ikhulise futhi inciphise imikhumbi. Ukukhanya nokukhanya okuvela esilingweni kuhlukile futhi kukodwa ngohlobo ngalunye lwezinhlanzi.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ngabe i-angler ibukeka kanjani
Njengoba sekushiwo, insikazi iyahluka kowesilisa ngokuba khona kwenduku ekhethekile esetshenziselwa ukuheha inyamazane. Kodwa umehluko wobulili awupheli lapho, abesilisa nabesifazane bama-anglers bahluke kakhulu kangangokuba ososayensi babevame ukuwahlukanisa njengezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene. Izinhlanzi, owesilisa nowesifazane, zihluke kakhulu ngosayizi wazo.
Abesifazane bayizidlakela uma kuqhathaniswa nobuhle babo. Ubukhulu besifazane bungahluka kusuka ku-5 cm kuye kumamitha amabili, isisindo singafinyelela kuma-57 kg, futhi ubude besilisa abudluli ku-5 cm.Lokhu umehluko omkhulu kakhulu kumapharamitha! Okunye ukufiphala kocansi kuxhomeke ekutheni abanumzane abancane banamehlo amahle nephunga, abakudinga ukuthola umlingani.
Ubukhulu bezinhlanzi ze-angler buhlukile ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene, sizochaza ezinye zazo. Ubude bomzimba we-European anglerfish bungafinyelela kumamitha amabili ubude, kepha, ngokwesilinganiso, abudluli imitha elilodwa nohhafu. Isisindo esikhulu kunazo zonke senhlanzi enkulu kangaka sisuka kuma-55 kuye kuma-57.7 kg. Umzimba wenhlanzi awunazo izikali; ithathelwa indawo yiziqu eziningi ezinesikhumba kanye nama-tubercles. Umthethosisekelo wezinhlanzi uthambile, ucindezelwe kusuka ohlangothini lommango nasesiswini. Amehlo mancane, akhiwe ngokwanele kude komunye nomunye. Ummango unombala onsundu noma oluhlaza okotshani, ithoni ebomvu ngokubomvu nayo iyatholakala, futhi kukhona amachashazi amnyama emzimbeni.
Ubude be-American anglerfish busuka ku-90 kuye ku-120 cm, kanti isisindo sayo cishe siyi-23 kg. Ubukhulu be-anglerfish enamabhande amnyama buyahlukahluka kusuka kuhhafu wemitha kuya kumitha. Ubude be-anglerfish yaseNtshonalanga ye-Atlantic abudluli ku-60 cm.I-monkfish yaseKapa inekhanda elikhulu, elibonakala licwecwe, umsila wenhlanzi awude. Ngobude, le nhlanzi imvamisa ayidluli kumaki wemitha.
I-anglerfish ekude yaseMpumalanga ikhula ize ifike kumitha elilodwa nohhafu, isigaba sayo sekhanda sibanzi kakhulu futhi siyisicaba. Ngokushesha okuphawuleka ngosayizi omkhulu womlomo nomhlathi ophansi ophumile, onomugqa owodwa noma emibili yamazinyo abukhali. Amaphiko atholakala esifubeni abanzi ngokwanele futhi anama-lobe ayinyama. Ngenhla, le nhlanzi ipendwe ngamathoni ansundu anezinhlamvu zomthunzi okhanyayo, ohlelwe ngumngcele omnyama. Isisu sinomthunzi okhanyayo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-Monkfish ihamba phansi ngezansi isebenzisa ukweqa, ezingakwenza ngenxa yamaphiko azo aqinile we-pectoral.
Ngokuvamile, ama-anglers angamakhosi wokuzifihla, ahlangana ngokuphelele naphansi, abe cishe angahlukaniseki nomhlabathi. Zonke izinhlobo zamaqhubu nokukhula emzimbeni wabo kufaka isandla kulokhu. Ezinhlangothini zombili zekhanda, ama-anglers anesikhumba esifana nesiphetho esigijima emhlathini, ngaphezulu kwezindebe zezinhlanzi. Ngaphandle, leli phecana lifana nolwelwe, luntengantenga kukholamu lamanzi, ngenxa yalokhu, inhlanzi ifihlwe kakhulu njengemvelo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-angler fish ebanjwe ekujuleni ibukeka yehluke kakhulu kunaphansi. Uvuvukala, futhi amehlo akhe abonakala ephuma emzileni wabo, konke kumayelana nengcindezi eyeqile, efinyelela kuma-atmospheric angama-300 ngokujula.
Ihlala kuphi inhlanzi ye-angler?
Isithombe: Angler underwater
Ama-anglers ahlala ekujuleni okukhulu kusuka kuhafu nohafu kuya kumakhilomitha amathathu nohhafu. Kudala bazivumelanisa nobumnyama nengcindezi eyeqile emanzini olwandle. Le monkfish enamabhande amnyama ihlala engxenyeni esempumalanga ye-Atlantic Ocean, ithande indawo esukela eSenegal iya eziqhingini zaseBrithani.
Le nhlanzi i-angler ihlala emanzini olwandle olumnyama nolweMedithera. Kusuka egameni kuyacaca ukuthi i-West Atlantic anglerfish yabhaliswa engxenyeni esentshonalanga ye-Atlantic, ihlala ekujuleni kusuka kumamitha angama-40 kuye kwangama-700.
I-anglerfish yaseMelika yayihlala ogwini lwe-Atlantic ezwekazini laseNyakatho Melika, izinze enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Atlantic ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-650 kuye kwayi-670. I-European monkfish nayo yathatha into ebabazekayo yaya e-Atlantic, kuphela imi eduze nogu lwaseYurophu, indawo yayo yokusatshalaliswa isuka emanzini oLwandle iBarents nase-Iceland iya eGulf of Guinea, kanti nezinhlanzi zihlala eBlack, eBaltic naseNyakatho Yezilwandle.
I-Far Eastern anglerfish ithanda uLwandle lwaseJapan; ihlala ngasogwini lwaseKorea, ePeter the Great Bay, budebuduze nesiqhingi saseHonshu. Manje uyazi lapho inhlanzi ye-angler itholakala khona. Ake sibone ukuthi idlani le nhlanzi yasolwandle olujulile.
Idlani inhlanzi e-angler?
Isithombe: Angler
I-Monkfish yizilwane ezidla imenyu yazo ikakhulukazi enenhlanzi. Izinhlanzi zasolwandle olujulile zingaba ukudla okulula kwezinhlanzi ezi-angler, ezilindele ngenkani ekuqamekeleni.
Lezi zinhlanzi zifaka:
- hauliodovs;
- i-gonostomy;
- inhlanzi yesigqoko noma isigqoko;
- melokuzi.
Esiswini se-anglers ebanjiwe, kutholakale ama-gerbils, imisebe emincane, i-cod, ama-eels, oshaka abaphakathi nendawo kanye ne-flounder. Izinhlobo ezingajulile zidla i-herring ne-mackerel. Kunobufakazi bokuthi ama-anglers ahlasele izinyoni ezincane zamanzi. I-Monkfish idla ama-crustaceans nama-cephalopods, kufaka phakathi i-cuttlefish ne-squid. Abesilisa abancane badla ama-copepods nama-chaetomandibulars.
Inqubo yokuzingela ye-monkfish yinto ejabulisa kakhulu. Njengoba icashe futhi yafihla ezansi, inhlanzi iqokomisa isicupho sayo (esku) esisekugcineni kwenduku, iqala ukudlala ngayo, yenze ukunyakaza okufana nokubhukuda kwenhlanzi encane. Insikazi ayithathi ukubekezela, ilinde ngokuqinile inyamazane. I-angler imunca isisulu esiphakathi nendawo kuyo ngejubane lombani. Kuyenzeka nokuthi izinhlanzi zenze ukuhlasela, okwenziwa ngokugxuma. Ukugxuma kungenzeka ngenxa yamaphiko we-pectoral anamandla anyanyekayo noma ukukhishwa komfudlana wamanzi ngemigodi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Lapho kuvulwa umlomo omkhulu wenhlanzi, kwakheka into efana ne-vacuum, ngakho-ke isisulu, kanye nomfudlana wamanzi, kumunca ngokushesha emlonyeni we-angler.
Ukuminza kwama-anglers kuvame ukudlala ihlaya elinonya nabo. Isisu sabantu besifazane sinamandla okwelula kakhulu, ngakho-ke isisulu sabo singaphindeka kathathu ubukhulu benhlanzi uqobo. I-angler iminyanisa inyamazane enkulu kangaka, kepha ayikwazi ukuyikhafula, ngoba amazinyo enhlanzi abheka ngaphakathi, ngakho-ke iminyanisa bese iyafa.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Angler marine
Kuncane okwaziwayo ngohlobo nempilo ye-monkfish, kulokhu abasafundanga kangako. Lezi zidalwa zasolwandle ezingaqondakali zimbozwe yimfihlakalo. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi owesifazane omkhulu osayizi akaboni lutho futhi unomqondo obuthakathaka wephunga, kanti abesilisa, kunalokho, ngokuqapha bafuna umlingani hhayi ngosizo lokubona kuphela, kodwa nephunga. Ukuhlonza izinhlanzi zesifazane zezinhlobo zazo, zinaka induku, ukwakheka kwesithiyelo nokukhanya kwaso.
Isimo sezinhlanzi zasolwandle olujulile singabonakala ngandlela thile ngobudlelwano phakathi kowesilisa nowesifazane, okuhlukile kwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezi-angler. Phakathi kwalezi zinhlanzi ezingavamile, kunesimo esinjenge-parasitism yabesilisa.
Kuyisici semindeni emine yezinhlanzi ezingama-angler:
- i-linophrine;
- ceratia;
- novoceratievs;
- caulofrin.
Ukufanelana okunjalo okungavamile kubonakala eqinisweni lokuthi owesilisa ukhubazeka emzimbeni wowesifazane, kancane kancane aphenduke isithasiselo sakhe. Ngemuva kokubona umlingani wakhe, owesilisa umluma ngokoqobo ngosizo lwamazinyo akhe abukhali, bese eqala ukukhula kanye nolimi nezindebe, kancane kancane aphenduke isithasiselo emzimbeni esidingekayo ukuze kukhiqizwe isidoda. Ukudla, owesifazane ubuye ondle umnumzane okhulele kuye.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Emzimbeni we-anglerfish yesifazane, kungaba khona abesilisa abayisithupha ngasikhathi sinye, okudingekayo ukuze uqale ukuvundisa amaqanda ngesikhathi esifanele.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Angler sea deep
Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwenzeka ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene ngeminyaka ehlukene. Isibonelo, abesilisa be-monkfish yaseYurophu bavuthwa ngokocansi besondela eminyakeni eyisithupha ubudala, futhi abesifazane bayakwazi ukuzala inzalo kuphela lapho beneminyaka eyi-14, lapho ubude babo bufinyelela imitha. Isikhathi sokuzala lezi zinhlanzi ezingavamile asenzeki kubo bonke ngasikhathi sinye. Izinhlanzi ezihlala enyakatho ziyaqala ukusukela ngoMashi kuya kuMeyi. Izinhlanzi eziseningizimu zizala kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuJuni.
Esikhathini sokudoba somshado, izintokazi ezinjenge-angler nabanumzane bazo zichitha ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-40 kuye kuma-2 km. Njengoba sehlele ekujuleni, insikazi iqala ukuzala, kuthi abesilisa bavundise amaqanda. Ngemuva kwalokho, izinhlanzi zigijimela emanzini angajulile, lapho ziqala khona ukudla. Amaribhoni aphelele akhiwa ngamaqanda enhlanzi ama-angler, ambozwe amafinyila ngaphezulu. Ububanzi beteyipu bungaba kusuka ku-50 kuye ku-90 cm, ubude bayo buba ngamamitha ayi-8 kuye kwayi-12, futhi ubukhulu bayo abudluli ku-6 mm. Imicu enjalo yamaqanda, equkethe cishe isigidi sawo, ikhukhuleka emanzini olwandle, futhi amaqanda akuwo atholakala kumaseli akhethekile ayizinhlangothi eziyisithupha.
Ngemuva kwesikhashana, izindonga zeselula ziyabhujiswa, futhi amaqanda asevele ekubhukuda kwamahhala. Izibungu ze-Anglerfish ezichanyiselwe amasonto amabili zikhona ezingxenyeni zamanzi aphezulu. Zihlukaniswa nezinhlanzi ezindala ngokuma komzimba wazo, okungacwecwanga; gazinga kunamaphiko amakhulu we-pectoral. Okokuqala, zondla ama-crustaceans amancane, amaqanda kanye nezibungu zezinye izinhlanzi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ubukhulu bamaqanda bungahluka, konke kuya ngohlobo lwezinhlanzi. E-European anglerfish, i-caviar iyahluka kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-4 mm ububanzi, kwi-monkfish yaseMelika incane, ububanzi bayo busuka ku-1.5 kuye ku-1.8 mm.
Ukukhula nokukhula, i-anglerfish gazinga iyashintsha njalo, kancane kancane ifane nezihlobo zabo ezivuthiwe. Lapho ubude bemizimba yabo bufinyelela ku-8 mm, izinhlanzi zihamba ziphile ukusuka ebusweni ziye ezingeni elijulile. Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, osathane basolwandle bakhula ngokushesha okukhulu, khona-ke ijubane lokukhula kwabo lihamba kancane kakhulu. Isikhathi sokuphila esilinganiselwe ama-anglers ngokwemvelo siyehluka kuye ngohlobo lwezinhlanzi, kepha i-monkfish yaseMelika ingabizwa ngesibindi eside phakathi kwalezi zakhamuzi ezijulile zolwandle, ezingaphila iminyaka engaba ngu-30.
Izitha zemvelo ze-Anglerfish
Isithombe: Anglerfish yamadoda
I-anglerfish cishe ayinazo izitha ezimweni zemvelo. Ngokusobala, lokhu kungenxa yendlela yakhe yokuphila ejulile olwandle, esabisa izici zangaphandle nethalente lokuzifihla okungenakuqhathaniswa. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukubona inhlanzi enjalo ezansi, ngoba ihlangana nenhlabathi engaphezulu ize iyenze iphelele ngayo.
Njengoba sekushiwo, ukuhahela komuntu ukudla nokuminza ngokweqile kuvame ukonakalisa izimpilo zezinhlanzi. I-angler igwinya inyamazane enkulu kakhulu, yingakho iyiminyanisa bese iyafa, ngoba ayikwazi ukuyikhafula ngenxa yesakhiwo esikhethekile samazinyo. Akuvamile ukuthola isisulu esibanjwe esiswini se-anglers, esingamasentimitha ambalwa kuphela esingaphansi kwesilwane esidlayo-inhlanzi uqobo.
Phakathi kwezitha zama-anglers kungabalwa abantu ababamba izinhlanzi ezingavamile. Inyama ye-monkfish ibhekwa njengesibiliboco, cishe awekho amathambo kuyo, inokuvumelana okuqinile. Iningi lalezi zinhlanzi libanjwa e-UK naseFrance.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kunobufakazi bokuthi minyaka yonke umhlaba ubamba kusuka kumathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-24 kuya kwezingama-34 ezinhlobo zaseYurophu ze-anglerfish.
Inyama ye-Angler inokunambitheka okumnandi futhi okuthambile, ayinamafutha nhlobo. Kepha basebenzisa umsila wezinhlanzi kakhulu ukudla, futhi konke okunye kuvame ukubhekwa njengokudoti.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ngabe i-angler ibukeka kanjani
Njengoba kubikwe ngaphambilini, i-anglerfish iyinhlanzi ethengiswayo. Kusetshenziswa ama-trawls akhethekile namanetha e-gill ukuyibamba, ngakho-ke indawo yokuhlala olwandle olujulile ayilondolozi le nhlanzi engajwayelekile. Ukubamba i-monkfish yaseYurophu ezinkulungwaneni zamathani kuholela ekwehleni kwabantu bayo, okungenakungakhathazi. Inhlanzi ihlupheka ngenxa yenyama yayo eminyene futhi emnandi, engenawo ngisho namathambo. Ikakhulukazi amaFulentshi azi okuningi ngezitsha ze-monkfish.
EBrazil, i-anglerfish yaseNtshonalanga ye-Atlantic igxiliwe, emhlabeni wonke ibanjwa minyaka yonke ngamathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-9. Ukudoba ngezinga elikhulu kuholele ekutheni izinhlanzi zingavami ezindaweni ezithile futhi zithathwa njengezisengozini. Lokhu, ngokwesibonelo, kwenzeka nge-monkfish yaseMelika, okuncane kakhulu okusalile ngenxa yokudotshwa ngokweqile, okubangela ukukhathazeka ezinhlanganweni eziningi zokongiwa kwemvelo.
Ngakho-ke, inani lezinhlanzi ezingama-angler liyancipha. Uthando lwenyama yenhlanzi esiphundu luholele ezinye izinhlobo ekusongelweni kokuqothulwa, ngoba le nhlanzi ibanjwe ngobuningi. Kwamanye amazwe nezifunda, i-anglerfish ithathwa njengeNcwadi Ebomvu futhi idinga izindlela zokuzivikela ezikhethekile ukuze inganyamalali nakancane ezindaweni ezijulile zolwandle.
I-Angler fish guard
Isithombe: Angler ovela eRed Book
Njengoba sekushiwo, inani le-anglerfish liyancipha, ngakho kwezinye izifunda bambalwa kakhulu kubo. Ukubanjwa okukhulu kwale nhlanzi, okubhekwa njengokuhweba futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ngokokunambitheka nezimfanelo zokudla okunempilo, kwaholela esimweni esidumazayo.Cishe eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili eyedlule, inhlangano edume kabi i- "Greenpeace" yafaka i-monkfish yaseMelika kuLuhlu Olubomvu lwezinto zasolwandle, ezisengozini enkulu yokuqothulwa ngenxa yokudoba okungalawulwa ngamanani amakhulu. Ensimini yaseNgilandi, ezitolo ezinkulu eziningi akuvunyelwe ukuthengisa ama-anglers.
I-European anglerfish ibhalwe kuRed Data Book yase-Ukraine kusukela ngo-1994 njengenhlobo esengozini yokuqothuka. Izindlela ezinkulu zokuzivikela lapha ukuvinjelwa kokubanjwa kwale nhlanzi, ukukhomba izindawo ezithunyelwa kuzo unomphela futhi ukuzifaka ohlwini lwezindawo ezivikelwe. Endaweni yaseCrimea, i-European anglerfish nayo ikwiRed Lists, ngoba kuyivelakancane ngokweqile.
Kwamanye amazwe, ukubanjwa okusebenzayo kwe-anglerfish kuyaqhubeka, yize inani lemfuyo yabo lehle kakhulu muva nje, kepha ukudoba kuvunyelwe. Kuyathenjwa ukuthi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, kuzokwethulwa imikhawulo ethile ekubanjweni kwalezi zilwane ezijule kakhulu olwandle, kungenjalo isimo singase singalungiseki.
Ekugcineni, ngithanda ukunezela ukuthi umhlali ongajwayeleki kanjalo wokujula okumnyama okungaqondakali, njenge Angler, ayishayi nje ngokubonakala kwayo kanye nokuba khona kwenduku yokudoba eyingqayizivele, kodwa futhi nomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabantu bezinhlanzi besilisa nabesifazane. Ziningi izinto eziyimfihlakalo nezingakacwaningwa ezenzeka embusweni wasolwandle olujulile olwandle lomhlaba, kufaka phakathi, futhi umsebenzi obalulekile walezi zinhlanzi ezimangalisayo awukaphenywa ngokuphelele, okuqhubeka nokuheha zona futhi kuvuse intshisekelo engakaze ibonwe.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 25.09.2019
Idethi yokubuyekeza: 25.09.2019 ngo-23: 01
