IGoshawk Ingabe yilungu elifundwa kakhulu lomndeni we-hawk. Ingesinye sezilwane ezisabekayo zasezulwini, ezikwazi ukuzingela inyamazane izikhathi eziningana ubukhulu bayo. IGoshawk yaqala yachazwa yahlukaniswa phakathi nekhulu le-18, kepha abantu bezikhathi zakudala babeyazi le nyoni futhi bayithambisa ngokuzingela oklebe.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Goshawk
Izinhlobo zama-goshawks zibhekwa njengezingenye yezindala kakhulu emhlabeni. Lezi zinyoni zazikhona ezikhathini zasendulo. Ngokuvamile, oklebe babebhekwa njengezithunywa zonkulunkulu, futhi eGibhithe lasendulo kwakukhona unkulunkulu onenhloko yale nyoni. AmaSlav nawo ahloniphe uklebe futhi abeka isithombe senyoni ezihlangwini nasemabhantsini ezingalo. Ukufuya oklebe nokuzingela ngalezi zinyoni kuhlehlela emuva eminyakeni engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili.
Ividiyo: Hawk goshawk
IGoshawk ingesinye sezilwane ezidla izimpaphe ezinkulu kunazo zonke. Usayizi we-hawk wesilisa usukela kumasentimitha angama-50 kuye kwangama-55, isisindo sifinyelela kuma-1.2 kilograms. Abesifazane bakhulu kakhulu. Usayizi womuntu omdala ungafinyelela kumasentimitha angama-70 bese unesisindo esingu-2 kilogram. Amaphiko empiko oklebe aphakathi kwamamitha ayi-1.2-1.5.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Ngenxa yamaphiko ayo amakhulu, uklebe lungakwazi ukundiza ngokuphephile kokuvuselelwa futhi lubheke inyamazane efanelekayo amashumi emizuzu, luqhubeke lundiza ngaphandle komzamo.
Umzingeli onamaphiko wakhiwe ngokuqinile, unekhanda elincane elihlanganisiwe nentamo emfushane kodwa ehambayo. Esinye sezici ezithile zikaklebe ukuba khona "kwamabhulukwe ezinsiba", angatholakali ezinhlotsheni ezincane zezinyoni ezidla inyama. Le nyoni imbozwe izimpaphe eziminyene ezimpunga futhi izimpaphe ezingezansi kuphela ezinombala okhanyayo noma omhlophe, okwenza inyoni ibe yinhle futhi ikhunjulwe kahle.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Umthunzi wezimpaphe ze-hawk uncike endaweni yayo. Izinyoni ezihlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho zinezimpaphe ezijiyile futhi ezilula, kuyilapho oKlebe bezintaba zaseCaucasus, kunalokho, banezimpaphe ezimnyama.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-goshawk
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ukubonakala kwe-goshawk ngokungathi sína kuncike endaweni lapho inyoni ihlala khona.
Sibala izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezinkukhu bese sikhombisa izici zazo:
- I-goshawk yaseYurophu. Ummeleli walezi zinhlobo yigoshawks enkulu kunazo zonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isici esibabayo salolu hlobo ukuthi izinsikazi zikhulu cishe cishe isigamu nengxenye kunabesilisa. Ukhozi lwaseYurophu luhlala cishe kulo lonke elase-Eurasia, eNyakatho Melika naseMorocco. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvela kwale nyoni eMorocco kungenxa yokuthi abantu abambalwa badedelwa ngenhloso ngenhloso yokulawula inani lamajuba akhukhumale;
- I-goshawk yase-Afrika. Inesizotha ngosayizi we-hawk wase-Europe. Ubude bomzimba womuntu omdala abudluli ngamasentimitha angama-40, kanti isisindo asidluli amagremu angama-500. Le nyoni ine-tinge eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yezimpaphe ngemuva nasemaphikweni, nezimpaphe ezimpunga esifubeni;
- Ukhozi lwase-Afrika lunemilenze eqinile kakhulu enezinzipho ezinamandla neziqinile, ezivumela ukuthi ibambe ngisho nomdlalo omncane kakhulu. Le nyoni ihlala kuyo yonke indawo yezwekazi lase-Afrika ngaphandle kwezifunda eziseningizimu nezomile;
- uklebe omncane. Njengoba igama liphakamisa, iyinyoni edla inyama enesilinganiso esimaphakathi. Ubude bayo cishe ngamasentimitha angama-35, kanti isisindo sayo cishe siyi-300 gram. Yize isayizi usayizi ovelele, le nyoni iyisilwane esidla kakhulu futhi iyakwazi ukubamba inyamazane kabili isisindo sayo. Ngombala wayo, i-hawk encane ayihlukile kune-goshawk yaseYurophu. Umzingeli onamaphiko uhlala kakhulu ezindaweni ezisenyakatho nasentshonalanga ye-Afrika;
- uklebe olula. Inyoni engajwayelekile, enegama layo ngenxa yombala wayo ongakhanyi ngokweqile. Ngosayizi nemikhuba, iyikhophi ecishe iphelele yozakwabo baseYurophu. Sekukonke, kunabantu ababalelwa ku-100 kuphela be-goshawk emhlophe emhlabeni futhi bonke batholakala e-Australia;
- uklebe obomvu. Ummeleli ongajwayelekile womndeni woKlebe. Ifana ngosayizi nenyoni eyakha izidleke eYurophu, kepha yehluka ngezimpaphe ezibomvu (noma ezibomvu). Le nyoni iyisiduma sangempela samapholi, akha ingxenye enkulu yokudla kwayo.
Umndeni wama-goshawks uningi impela, kepha zonke izinyoni zinemikhuba efanayo, ehlukile komunye nomunye kuphela ngosayizi nokubukeka.
Uhlala kuphi igoshawk?
Isithombe: IGoshawk eRussia
Indawo yemvelo yezinyoni izingxenyana ezinkulu zehlathi, i-step-steppe ne-forest-tundra (uma kukhulunywa ngezifunda ezisenyakatho neRussia). Ngisho zihlala e-Australia nase-Afrika, lezi zinyoni zihlala emngceleni we-savanna noma ehlathini, zikhetha ukuhlala eduze kwezihlahla ezinkulu.
ERussia Federation, oklebe bahlala cishe ezweni lonke, kusukela ezintabeni zaseCaucasus kuya eKamchatka naseSakhalin.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Iqembu elihlukile lezidleke zama-hawk ezintabeni zaseCaucasus. Ngosayizi nangendlela yokuphila, awahlukile kubantu baseYurophu, kepha ngokungafani nabo, abadli ezihlahleni ezinkulu, kepha emadwaleni. Lokhu akuvamile kakhulu, njengoba kungukuphela kophisi emhlabeni ukudala izidleke emadwaleni angenalutho.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyoni zihlala e-Asia, eChina naseMexico. Isibalo sabantu kula mazwe sincane, kepha iziphathimandla zombuso zithatha izinyathelo ezibalulekile ukuvikela abantu bazo. Eminyakeni yakamuva, ngenxa yokwehliswa kwendawo yokuhlala yemvelo, izinyoni ziye zaphoqeleka ukuthi zihlale endaweni eseduze nezindawo zokuhlala abantu, futhi kwezinye izimo ziqonde ngqo emadolobheni.
Njengesibonelo, singacaphuna imindeni yama-goshawks ahlala ezindaweni zepaki ngaphakathi kwedolobha. Futhi ngo-2014, izidalwa ezimbili ezinamaphiko zenza isidleke sazo phezu kwesakhiwo esisezingeni eliphezulu eNew York.
Manje uyazi ukuthi i-goshawk ihlala kuphi. Ake sithole ukuthi udlani.
Yini edliwa yi-goshawk?
Isithombe: I-bird hawk goshawk
Ukhozi luyinyoni edla inyama futhi ludla kuphela ukudla kwezilwane. Izinyoni ezincane zingabamba izinambuzane ezinkulu, amaxoxo namagundane, kepha ngesikhathi sokuthomba, ama-goshawks aqhubekela phambili ukubamba ezinye izinyoni.
Ingxenye enkulu kunazo zonke yokudla kwe-hawk yile:
- amajuba;
- amagwababa echobana;
- izimbungulu;
- izinyoni ezimnyama;
- jays.
OKlebe, ekuphakameni kwabo ngokomzimba, bazingela kalula amadada, amahansi, i-grouse yokhuni kanye ne-grouse emnyama. Imvamisa kwenzeka ukuthi umhlaseli onezimpaphe ubhekana nesisulu esilinganayo nangaphezulu.
Umsila omfishane namaphiko anamandla kusiza uheshe ukuthi akwazi ukuhamba futhi ashintshe indlela ngokushesha. Uma kunesidingo, inyoni izingela ngisho naphakathi kwezihlahla, ijaha izingulube nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo. Lapho uklebe ulambile, ngeke aphuthelwe yithuba lokubamba isibankwa esikhulu noma inyoka egcwala emadwaleni.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: I-goshawk, eqeqeshwe njengenyoni edla inyama, iyakwazi ukuhlasela ngisho ne-moose noma inyamazane. Kuyiqiniso, le nyoni ayikwazi ukubhekana nesisulu esikhulu kangaka, kodwa "iyasibambezela" isilwane futhi ivumele iphakethe lezinja ukuthi lishaye inyamazane.
Abazingeli bazama ukungazingeli ezindaweni ezihlala i-goshawk. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isilwane esinamaphiko siyasabisa noma sibhubhise ezinye izinyoni ububanzi obungamakhilomitha ambalwa. Ukuzingela okunjalo ngeke kulethe imiphumela futhi ngeke kulethe injabulo.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: IGoshawk indiza
Cishe zonke izinhlobo zama-goshawks zihlala phansi, futhi uma kungenzeki i-force majeure, izidlozi zihlala impilo yazo yonke endaweni eyodwa. Okuwukuphela kokuhlukile yizinyoni ezihlala enyakatho ye-United States of America eduze nezintaba iRocky. Ebusika, cishe azikho izisulu kulezi zingxenye, futhi izidalwa ezinamaphiko ziphoqeleka ukuba zifudukele eningizimu.
IGoshawk iyinyoni eshesha kakhulu futhi esheshayo. Ihola indlela yokuphila yansuku zonke, incamela ukuzingela ekuseni kakhulu noma ntambama ngaphambi kokuba ilanga lifinyelele esicongweni salo. Le nyoni ichitha ubusuku esidlekeni, ngoba amehlo ayo awajwayele ukuzingela ebusuku.
Ukhozi luboshwe ngokuqinile endaweni yabo, bazama ukungaphumi kulo futhi bachithe impilo yabo yonke esidlekeni esifanayo. Lezi zinyoni zinomfazi oyedwa. Bakha umbhangqwana ozinzile futhi bahlala bethembekile komunye nomunye kukho konke ukuphila kwabo.
Imvamisa, izindawo zokuzingela izigaxa ziyaphambana, kepha azihambelani. Izinyoni zinomona kakhulu ngamazwe azo futhi zixosha (noma zibulale) ezinye izidalwa ezinamaphiko ezindiza lapha.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Yize oklebe besifazane bebakhulu kunabesilisa, indawo yabo incane ngokuphindwe ama-2-3. Abesilisa ababhekwa njengabahola kakhulu emndenini, ngakho-ke izindawo zabo zokuzingela zikhulu.
Endaweni yazo yemvelo, oklebe badla ehlathini elisehlathini, eziqongweni zezihlahla ezinde kunazo zonke, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-20.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: IGoshawk eBelarus
Owesilisa uqala ukuqoma insikazi kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli kuya ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Cishe ngokushesha ngemuva kwesikhathi sokuqomisana, lo mbhangqwana uqala ukwakha isidleke, futhi bobabili owesilisa nowesifazane babamba iqhaza kule nqubo.
Isakhiwo se-Nest siqala izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuzalelwa kweqanda futhi sihlala cishe amasonto amabili. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinyoni zihlomisa isidleke esikhulu (cishe imitha ububanzi). Ngokwakhiwa, amagatsha owomile, amagxolo ezihlahla, izinaliti namahlumela ezihlahla kuyasetshenziswa.
Imvamisa, kunamaqanda ama-2-3 esidlekeni se-goshawk. Cishe azifani ngosayizi wenkukhu, kepha zinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi anolaka lapho uthinta. Amaqanda achamisela izinsuku ezingama-30-35 kuthi insikazi ihlale emaqandeni. Ngalesi sikhathi, owesilisa uyazingela futhi anikeze intombi yakhe inyamazane.
Emva kokuzalwa kwabesilisa, insikazi ihlala nabo esidlekeni inyanga yonke. Ngaso sonke lesi sikhathi, abesilisa bazingela ngamandla aphindwe kabili futhi bahlinzekela insikazi nawo wonke amaphuphu ngokudla.
Ngemuva kwenyanga, abasha bakhula ephikweni, kepha abazali babo basabondla, babafundisa ukuzingela. Ezinyangeni ezintathu kuphela ngemuva kokushiya isidleke, amaphuphu azimela ngokuphelele futhi ashiya abazali bawo. Ukuvuthwa kocansi kwezinyoni kwenzeka ngonyaka.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, i-goshawk iphila cishe iminyaka eyi-14-15, kepha ezimweni zezinqolobane ezinokudla okunomsoco nokwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi, izinyoni zingaphila kuze kube yiminyaka engama-30.
Izitha zemvelo ze-goshawk
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-goshawk?
Ngokuvamile, i-goshawk ayinazo izitha eziningi zemvelo, njengoba le nyoni iphezulu kochungechunge lokudla olunamaphiko. Yena uqobo uyisitha semvelo sezinyoni eziningi nomdlalo omncane wehlathi.
Kodwa-ke, izimpungushe zingadala ingozi enkulu kakhulu ezilwaneni ezisencane. Lezi ngesinye sezilwane ezidla ehlathini ezihlakaniphe kakhulu ezikwazi ukubheka inyamazane yazo amahora amaningi, futhi uma inyoni inyonyobela, impungushe ikwazi impela ukuhlasela uklebe.
Ebusuku, oklebe bangasongelwa izikhova nezikhova. AmaGoshawks anombono omnyama ebumnyameni, okuyikho okusetshenziswa izikhova, okuyizilwane ezidla ebusuku. Zingase zihlasele amaphuphu ebusuku ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuphindiselwa oklebe abadala.
Ezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama, ezinkudlwana kunosayizi we-hawk, zingaba yingozi ebonakalayo. Isibonelo, e-United States, oklebe nezinkozi bahlala kwamakhelwane, kanti izinkozi, njengezinyoni ezinkudlwana, zibusa oklebe futhi azikudeleli nokuzizingela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma umdlalo unganele, oklebe bangahlanganyela ekudleni inyama yabantu futhi badle izihlobo ezincane nezingenamandla noma ama-broods abo. Kodwa-ke, okuyingozi kakhulu kuma-goshawks ngabantu abazingela izinyoni ukuthola izimpaphe ezinhle noma ukwenza isilwane esigcwele esihle nesibabazekayo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Hawk Goshawk
Ngeshwa, inani le-goshawk hawk liya ngokuya lincipha. Futhi uma ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka bekukhona cishe izinyoni eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-400, manje azikho ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-200. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili, kwaba nokukhula okuqhumayo ekufuyweni kwezinkukhu futhi isikhathi eside kwakukholakala ukuthi uklebe uyingozi ezinkukhu, amahansi kanye namadada.
Kwaphela iminyaka eminingana, inani elikhulu lezinyoni labhujiswa, okwaholela ekwandeni kwejometri enanini londlunkulu, okwadala umonakalo omkhulu kwezolimo. Ibhalansi yemvelo iphazamisekile futhi ayikabuyiswa kuze kube namuhla. Kwanele ukukhumbula "ukuzingelwa kondlunkulu" odumile eChina ukuqonda ukuthi ubukhulu benhlekelele babungakanani.
Njengamanje, inani lama-goshawk lisatshalaliswa ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- I-USA - abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-30;
- I-Afrika - abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-20;
- Amazwe ase-Asia - abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-35;
- I-Russia - abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-25;
- IYurophu - cishe izinyoni eziyizinkulungwane ezine.
Ngokwemvelo, zonke izibalo ziyalinganiselwa, futhi ososayensi abaningi - izazi ze-ornithologists besaba ukuthi empeleni kunezinyoni ezimbalwa kakhulu. Kukholakala ukuthi awekho ngaphezu kwama-4-5 ama-hawk angahlala kumamitha-skwele ayizinkulungwane eziyi-100. Ukwehla kwensimu yamahlathi abuyiselwe emuva kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi inani loKlebe liyancipha futhi azikho izidingo zokwenza ngcono isimo.
Sparrowhawk inyoni enhle edliwayo eyihlelekile enamaphiko ehlathini. Lezi zinyoni zisiza ukugcina ukulingana kwemvelo futhi azikwazi ukudala umonakalo omkhulu emapulazini amakhulu ezinkukhu. Emazweni amaningi omhlaba, oklebe bavikelekile nguhulumeni, futhi ukuzizingela kungaphansi kokuvinjelwa okunzima kakhulu.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/30/2019
Idethi yokuvuselela: 22.08.2019 ngo-22: 01
