IBarbus ngenani lingenye yezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezinhlanzi zasemanzini. Isici sabo esivelele ukungathobeki kwabo - ama-barbs asinda ezimweni ezinzima zamachibi asezindaweni ezishisayo agcwele izitha ezifuna ukuzitika ngezinhlanzi ezincane, ngisho nase-aquarium engcolile, ama-barbs azozizwa ekhululekile kakhulu. Lolu hlobo luphawuleka futhi ngokuthi abameleli balo banombala ojabulayo, ogqamile futhi ohlukahlukene, bayasebenza ngokungajwayelekile, bathokozile futhi bayahamba. Ngezimpawu ezibalwe, ziheha ukunakwa kwabasha abasemanzini.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Barbus
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, uhlobo lwe-barbs luhlala ezitsheni zemizimba yamanzi eChina, e-Afrika kanye (ikakhulukazi) e-Southeast Asia. Endle, ngaphandle kokukhetha, bonke abamele i-genus barbus bahlala emihlambini, futhi emikhulu ngokungavamile. Ososayensi-ichthyologists bakholelwa ukuthi kulula ngabo ukuthola ukudla kwabo futhi bazivikele ezitheni zemvelo. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi ngabe kuliqiniso noma cha, kepha lolu hlobo lwamaqhinga luvumela inani lababheki bezinwele ukuthi libambe intende ngokungaguquki ngokwesibalo sabantu.
Ukugcina ama-barbs ezimweni zokufakelwa kuveza cishe akunabunzima - yingakho ama-aquarist amancane aqala imisebenzi yawo "ngabaphangi abanemigqa". Izinkomba zamakhemikhali zamanzi, ezicatshangelwa kakhulu lapho kukhethwa izinhlobo zezinhlanzi (okusho ubulukhuni kanye ne-asidi), azidlali indima ekhethekile kulesi simo esibhekwayo.
Ividiyo: IBarbus
Ngokuphathelene namanzi, ama-barbs akhetha endala, athathelwa indawo ngokuya ngenguqulo ye-1/3 yakudala. Ukwehluka kombuso wokushisa kwamanzi kungaphakathi kwama-20 - 26C. Okufanelekile, gcina u-23-26 gr ozinzile. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-barb, ahluke zombili kumingcele yawo ye-morphometric (umbala, usayizi, izici zamaphiko) nakuhlamvu.
Phela, banezindawo zokuhlala ezahlukahlukene! Ngakho-ke, imvamisa kuma-aquarists kanye ne-ichthyologists (lezi zinhlanzi zilungele ukwenza zonke izinhlobo zokuhlola).
Kumele sibhekane nabamele abalandelayo bohlobo lwe-barbs:
- ibarbus sumatran;
- i-fire barbus;
- i-cherry barbus;
- i-barbus mutant;
- barbus denisoni;
- ibarbus emnyama;
- ibhali elibomvu;
- u-shark barb;
- i-barbus eluhlaza;
- i-barbus eqondile;
- i-barbus clown
Ngezansi kuzocatshangelwa ngokuningiliziwe abamele abaphambili bohlobo lwe-barbs, olusakazeke kakhulu futhi oludumile. Uma ubheka phambili, kufanelekile ukusho amagama ambalwa ngokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zama-barb.
I-barbus yaseDenisoni izosiza ukubhubhisa konke okungaqondakali mayelana nalezi zinhlanzi - lokhu akuyona "indilinga" encane, wonke umuntu acabanga ngayo nge-barb, kepha inhlanzi enesilinganiso esimaphakathi esinomzimba omude, omile okokuphotha ombozwe izikali zesiliva. Yebo, izici zakudala zebarbus - imivimbo - ziyalondolozwa, kepha ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo, azihambi ihlazo, kepha zihamba nomzimba, ohlangothini olusuka esihlokweni sempumulo kuye ekugcineni kwe-caudal.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani ibarbus
Lapho kukhulunywa ngegama elithi "barbus" ezingqondweni zabantu (uma-ke, bengebona ososayensi-ichthyologists) isithombe senhlanzi emthende ophuzi iyavela. Le yi-barb yaseSumatran, ohlala emanzini amaningi osayizi bonke. Umzimba wale nhlanzi mfushane, uphakeme futhi ucindezelwe kancane ezinhlangothini.
Uma uvula umcabango wakho, ungafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi ukwakheka komzimba we-Sumatran barbus kufana kakhulu nokuma komzimba kokhokho we-crucian. Kodwa ubukhulu buhlukile - ezimweni zemvelo, "abaphangi abanemigqa" abakhuli ngaphezu kuka-15 cm, futhi ekuthunjweni ubukhulu babo abudluli ngisho amasentimitha ayi-8. Futhi umbala uhluke kakhulu - ngisho ne-carp crucian carp efanayo efanayo ayinayo imivimbo.
"Ikhadi lokushaya" lebarbus yaseSumatran ukusayina kwalo imivimbo emi-4 emnyama, ewela isidumbu senhlanzi ohlangothini olunqamulelayo. Imivimbo eyeqile iyabonakala emsileni uqobo - ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, imivimbo idlula esweni. Kukhona umucu obomvu ongasemaphethelweni ekugcineni kwesiphetho sangemuva.
I-barbus yomlilo engadumile kangako inomzimba ovundlile, othe ukuqina ngobude, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ibuye ithotshiswe ezinhlangothini. Ngombala wale nhlanzi, uMama Wemvelo wasebenzisa imibala ekhanyayo, ekhangayo futhi enemibala impela. Isici esivelele salezi zinhlobo ukuba khona kwendawo ebonakalayo emnyama egudle umbuthano wegolide.
Le nsika itholakala ngaphambili komsila. Isikali esingemuva kwebhali evuthayo sinombala oluhlaza okomnqumo, kepha izinhlangothi nesisu kunokubomvu okukhanyayo, okubizwa ngokuthi yi-ebb (kwaba nguye owaba yisizathu saleli gama). Ngokuphikisana ne-Sumatran barbus, "fighter and fidget", le nhlanzi ikhombisa isimo esinokuthula okumangalisayo futhi izwana kahle nazo zonke izinhlanzi, ngisho nase-aquarium encane. Okuhle kunakho konke, ixhumana nezihlobo zayo - imihlambi yama-barb ihola impilo engazinzile.
Kuphikisana kuphela nama-veil-tails kanye nama-scalars angavela - ukubona "amafomu" abo amangalisayo, ngisho nale ndoda ethule izokhumbula imvelaphi yayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, imisila namaphiko zikanokusho kuzokonakala okungenathemba. Okuwukuphela kokuhlukile yi-fishfish. Ama-barbs abo awathinti, noma besemhlambini - bayesaba. Noma uhlonishwe - akekho okwamanje oye wafunda ukuqonda ulimi lwenhlanzi.
Uhlala kuphi ibarbus?
Isithombe: Fish barbus
Ngokuphathelene ne-Sumatran barbus, lo mbuzo awuhambisani - kusuka egameni kulula ukuqagela ukuthi "ukubhaliswa" okuyinhloko kwale nhlanzi kuyisiqhingi saseSumatra kanye nezifunda eziseduze zaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Indawo yemvelo yokuhlala kwebarbus yomlilo ngamachibi emizimba yamanzi asenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-India.
Isidingo esikhulu esenziwa yilezi zinhlanzi eziqhakazile nezijabule echibini ukungabi khona kwesibalo samanje esinamandla - izikhukhula ezingathobeki zizogcwala echibini noma echibini elinamanzi amile. Imifula enemisinga ebuthakathaka nayo iyafaneleka.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Njengoba kwenzekile, ngaphandle kwama-aquarists, le nhlanzi ihlonishwa kakhulu yizazi ze-ichthyologists. Unesethi ekahle yezimfanelo ezibalulekile zokwenza ucwaningo nabamele isigaba samathambo ezinhlanzi.
I-Southeast Asia ibhekwa njengendawo yokuzalwa kwe-cherry barbus (ikakhulukazi isiqhingi saseSri Lanka). Inhlanzi ihlala (empeleni, icishe ifane nazo zonke izihlobo zayo) emizimbeni yamanzi emile futhi evilaphayo. Enye indinganiso yokufaneleka kwedamu ingaphansi elimnyama, elinosilika.
EYurophu, i-cherry barb yafika okokuqala ngo-1936, e-USSR - ngo-1959. Ngokufana neSumatran, umgoqo obomvu uhlala njalo ezindaweni zokuzilibazisa zasemanzini. Kukhona futhi uhlobo lwe-albino lwe-barb cherry, kepha laba bantu babhekwa njengezidalwa eziguqukayo futhi abadingeki phakathi kwama-aquarists. Abanye abalimi bazithengisa kubaqalayo ngamanani amakhulu - ngaphansi kwesithi "izinhlanzi ezingavamile ezishisayo." Yilapho ukumaketha kusebenza khona!
I-barbus eshiwo ngenhla iDenisoni ekuqaleni yatholwa ngumcwaningi, ogama lakhe alibhalisile, emanzini oMfula iManimala (eduze kwedolobha laseMundakayam, esifundeni iKerala, eningizimu yeNdiya). Lezi zinhlobo ziphawuleka ngokuba yisifundazwe saseNdiya saseKerala naseKarnataka. Abantu abancane bangatholakala emigodini yemifula iValapatanam, iChalia neKupam.
Kepha, indawo yokuhlala eyinhloko cishe yabo bonke abameleli be-genus barbus yi-aquarium! I-aquarium ekahle yanoma iyiphi i-barbus kufanele ibe nohlangothi, olunwetshiwe (futhi hhayi nxazonke) - lokhu kudingekile ukuze izinhlanzi ezifriziwe zithole ithuba "lokuthola ukusheshisa." Ukuba khona kwezitshalo ezintantayo, ukukhanyisa okukhanyayo, ukuhlunga okunamandla kanye ne-aeration yizimo ezidingekayo zokuzalanisa ngempumelelo nokugcinwa kwama-barbs.
Idlani ibarbus?
Isithombe: I-barbus yabesifazane
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, izinhlanzi zondla izinambuzane ezincane, amabhungane, izibungu, izibungu zezinambuzane, futhi azikudeleli ukudla kwezitshalo. Ama-barbs ahlala e-aquarium aphathwa njengokudla okujwayelekile kwazo zonke izinhlanzi ze-aquarium - ama-bloodworms kanye ne-daphnia.
Inhlanzi igxuma kwi-bloodworm ephonswe e-aquarium ngokuhaha okumangazayo (noma ngabe i-barb ilambile noma cha). Ngasikhathi sinye, lapho egwinye izikelemu ezimbalwa zegazi, ubhukuda asuke ekudleni okuthunyelwe ku-aquarium futhi angaphinde asondele kukho.
Lokhu kuphinde kufakazele iqiniso lokuthi lezi zinhlanzi azidli ngokuphelele, zidla ngenjabulo ukudla okuphilayo nokomile. Izindunduma zabantu abadala zaseSumatran zidinga ukondliwa okwengeziwe kwezitshalo, yize nazo ngokwazo zibhekana nokuseshwa kwalo ngokukha izimila ze-aquarium.
Badla ukudla kukholamu lamanzi, kepha uma kunesidingo, bangakuthola ukudla kusuka phezulu nangaphansi. Naphezu kwakho konke ukuhamba nokuphila kwabo okusebenzayo, ama-barb athambekele ekukhuluphaleni ngokweqile. Isiphetho - kubantu abadala kuyadingeka ukuhlela usuku olulodwa lokuzila. Kanye ngesonto, hhayi kaningi.
Futhi iphuzu elilodwa elibaluleke kakhulu okufanele libhekwe lapho kukhethwa omakhelwane be-barbus e-aquarium. Ezimweni zokuphila zemvelo, i-barb yiyona echitha kakhulu amaqanda kanye nefry yezinye izinhlanzi namaxoxo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isigebengu esinemigqa asideleli inzalo yomuntu, ngaphandle kohlobo lwaso.
AmaBarbs ngobuciko athola imvuthuluka efihliwe ethembekile futhi ajabule nge-caviar, equkethe izakhamzimba eziningi eziwusizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekuthunjweni, ama-barbs agcina umkhuba omubi kangako - azobhubhisa amaqanda wanoma iyiphi enye inhlanzi, aze awufake engcupheni yezimpilo zawo.
Yebo, ibarbus ngeke ishiywe eceleni inqobo nje uma iqanda elilodwa lisaphelele noma ifry elilodwa lisaphila! Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukufuya izinhlanzi e-aquarium, ungazixazululi kanye nama-barbs noma kunjalo - bazodla inzalo, isiqinisekiso siyi-100%. Futhi ungangezi izilwane ezincane kuzo - nazo zizohlupheka.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-barbus ebomvu
Isikhathi sokuphila se-barb cishe iminyaka eyi-5-6 ezimweni zemvelo, kanye neminyaka engu-3-4 ekuthunjweni (kuncike kuzo zonke izinhlanzi ezidingekayo ukuze uphile kamnandi e-aquarium). Isikhathi sokuphila sawo wonke ama-barb cishe silingana. Baphila cishe iminyaka emihlanu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Isikhathi sokuzilibazisa esithandwa kakhulu yi-barbs ukushushuluza ngemuva kwezigi ezinomsila ominyene bese uluma izingcezu zamaphiko azo. Benza lokhu ngoba amaphiko aluhlaza ayacasula futhi ngokwabo, bathatha indawo eningi kakhulu emanzini asevele evaliwe. Kungenzeka ukuthi ama-barb, ahlotshiswe ngesizotha nguMama Wemvelo, aba nomona omnyama ngabazalwane babo abeqile ngokweqile.
Ukuthi kungadingeki, izihlahla ezingenanhlonipho zizosinda ngisho naphakathi kwama-aquarists angafundile kakhulu - kuzoba nesihlungi samanzi ne-aerator. Yilokho kuphela, akukho okunye okudingekayo - futhi maqondana nokudla, lezi zinhlanzi ngokuvamile zithanda konke, zizodla konke ezikunikezayo. Futhi ungondli - ama-barbs azozondla ngenjabulo ngamaqabunga ezitshalo ze-aquarium. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ezinye izinhlanzi zizoba ukudla - ngisho ne-cichlid ngeke ikwazi ukumelana nomhlambi wama-barb.
Ama-barbs akhombisa intshisekelo engenampilo maqondana nama-guppies - inhlanzi e-clumsy enemisila emihle, eshayayo, edala ukuhlaselwa kobudlova obungashukunyiswa kuma-barbs (ikakhulukazi eSumatran). Cishe azizwani neze nalezi zinhlanzi endaweni efanayo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ibarbus yabesilisa
Ezimweni zokufakelwa, ama-barbs angazala cishe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Ukuvumela izinhlanzi ukuthi zikwazi ukuzala ngempumelelo, kuyadingeka ukuthi ukhethe kahle abakhiqizi futhi ubheke ukuthi bazilungiselela kanjani. Ikhono lokuzala kabusha lenzeka ezinhlanzini esezifike eminyakeni yobudala engaba yizinyanga eziyi-7-8, kepha inqubo yokulungiselela abakhiqizi uqobo kumele yenziwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Lapho unezinyanga eziyi-3,5-4, izinhlanzi ezinemibala egqamile kakhulu zikhethwa kwabancane, ngokuya ngeminyaka yenhlanzi ekhulayo futhi idluliselwe ku-aquarium ekhethekile. Ukushisa kwamanzi lapho akufanele kudlule ibanga lika-23-25 C. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi uma izinga lokushisa liphakeme, ama-barbs azofinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi ngokushesha. Kepha njengoba umkhuba ukhombisa, ukuzila akusho okuhle. Into ukuthi ama-barbs afike ngaphambi kwesikhathi ekuvuthweni ngokobulili awazibonakalisi kahle ekuzaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Ama-barbusses wokuzala, njengomthetho, wenziwa ngababili abahlukene. Kodwa-ke, inketho ekahle kungaba ukusetha kabusha iqembu elincane (inketho yakudala kungowesifazane nabesilisa aba-2-3). Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa iphesenti eliphezulu lokukhulelwa kwamaqanda. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi izinhlanzi zalungiswa kahle ekuqaleni, isikhathi sokuzala sizokuba ngamahora ambalwa (inqubo leyo ivame ukwenzeka ekuseni).
Izitha zemvelo zebarbs
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani ibarbus
Kunomthetho owodwa othakazelisa kakhulu (futhi onengqondo) ama-aquarists avame ukukhohlwa ngawo. Ikakhulukazi abaqalayo. Kuphakathi kokuthi abamane bakucabangele, noma bekhohlisa ukuthi bakholelwa ukuthi ngenxa yezimo ezithile ngeke kusebenze. Kepha maye, akunjalo.
Lezo zinhlobo zezinhlanzi eziyizitha (izimbangi) zebarbus endaweni yemvelo zihlala zinjalo kuye e-aquarium. Okusho ukuthi, uma ama-barbs ngenkani "engazwani" nama-cockerels nama-guppies kumadamu asezindaweni ezishisayo, khona-ke azolwa nawo e-aquarium. Imemori yofuzo, akukho ongakwenza ngakho. Lezi zinhlanzi ziyizitha zazo zezinsizakusebenza, ngakho-ke nakanjani ngeke zikwazi ukuhlala ngokuthula ndawonye.
Esinye isitha esifungelwe se-barbs yi-gourami. Uma kwesinye isikhathi bezwana namaqhude (ezindaweni ezinkulu zasemanzini nangokondla okuhlelekile okuhlelekile), lapho-ke lapho bebona i-gourami, ama-barbs aqhubeka ngokushesha ukulungisa izinto.
Kungenzeka kakhulu, kulokhu, ukuncintisana okucacisiwe kudlale indima - ukudla kwe-gourami kufana nokudla kwebarbus, ngakho-ke ukuncintisana kokudla kungavunyelwa ngokuphelele. Futhi iyiphi incazelo enengqondo ngokuphelele! Ngemuva kwakho konke, yonke inhlanzi ifuna ukudla i-daphnia kanye ne-bloodworms, futhi inganeliseki ngokudla kwezitshalo ngendlela yamahlumela amancane algae.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: I-fish barbus
Okuthile, kepha ukuqothulwa kwama-barbs nakanjani akusongelwanga. Hhayi endaweni yemvelo, noma kokufakelwayo. Lezi zinhlanzi ngokuzethemba zigcina indawo yazo yemvelo, kancane kancane zithatha indawo yezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezingancintisani kangako. Futhi phakathi kwama-aquarists, imfashini yama-barbs ayisoze yadlula - lezi zinhlanzi zihlotshaniswa ngokuqinile ezingqondweni zabantu njengemfanelo yanoma iyiphi i-aquarium. Ikakhulukazi omncane. Ngakho-ke ukungathobeki nokukwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezinjalo zokusinda, lapho kungafa khona noma iyiphi enye inhlanzi, kwenza i-barbus encane "inkosi" yamachibi asezindaweni ezishisayo namanzi.
Esinye isizathu sokusinda kwayo ukubhujiswa okukhulu, okuhlosiwe kwamaqanda ezinhlanzi ezinhlobo ezincintisana nezinsizakusebenza eziyinhloko zemvelo (ukudla nendawo yokuhlala). Ngenkathi zona kanye lezi zinhlanzi, "ikusasa" lazo libhujiswa ngamandla ngabaphangi abanemishwe, empeleni akulimazi i-clutch of barbs. Cha, hhayi ngenxa yezikhulu ezingadingekile. Futhi ngesizathu sokuthi ibarbus ibafihla kahle kakhulu! Ngaphezu kwalokho, zimbalwa izinhlanzi ezikwazi ukusesha i-caviar ngobuciko njengoba kwenza u-barb omncane kodwa onobuqili nobuqili.
Ngisho nokulahlwa kwemithi yokubulala ukhula emasimini akuzange kuholele ekwehleni kwenani lama-barb - bazivumelanisa ukuze baphile ngaphansi kwethonya lesici se-anthropogenic esingesihle.
IBarbus isilwane esingajwayelekile esinezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukile komunye nomunye hhayi ngaphandle kuphela, kodwa futhi ngohlamvu, indlela yokuphila, nezinye izici eziningi. Okuthandwa kakhulu yi-barb yaseSumatran - lezi zinhlanzi ezinemishwe ezinombala ophuzi zibonisa izimangaliso zokusinda, ukuzivumelanisa kalula nanoma yiziphi, ngisho nezimo ezingezinhle neze. Yini eku-vivo, yini eku-aquarium.Lokhu kuvumele ama-barbs ukuthi abe enye yezinhlanzi ezaziwa kakhulu phakathi kwama-aquarists, ikakhulukazi abaqalayo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: unyaka we-25.08.2019
Idethi yokubuyekeza: 21.08.2019 ngo-23: 53
