Lakedra - izinhlanzi ezivela emndenini we-horse mackerel, ezihlobene nezinhlanzi ezentengiselwano, ikakhulukazi eziningi zazo ziyadliwa eJapane, lapho zithandwa kakhulu. Ihlukaniswa yi-thermophilicity yayo, iningi lezinhlanzi eziya emashalofini okugcina zikhuliswa ngokungeyikho, ngenxa yalokho ukulimala kwabantu bemvelo kuphansi.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Lakedra
Izidalwa zasendulo ezifana nezinhlanzi futhi ezibhekwa njengokhokho bazo zaziphila emhlabeni wethu eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-530 edlule. Elidume kakhulu kuleli qembu lezidalwa ezingenamhlathi yi-pikaya: isilwane esincane kakhulu (2-3 cm) esingakaze sifane nenhlanzi futhi sinyakaze emanzini, sigobe umzimba onjengesibungu.
Noma i-pikaya, noma izidalwa ezihlobene nazo zingaba okhokho bezinhlanzi hhayi kuphela, kepha ngokujwayelekile wonke ama-vertebrate. Kokungenamhlathi kamuva, okufana nokwakheka kwezinhlanzi zanamuhla, adume kakhulu ngama-conodonts. Leli yiqembu elihlukahlukene le-proto-fish, elincane kunazo zonke lakhula lafika ku-2 cm kuphela, futhi elikhulu kunawo wonke - kuze kufike kumamitha ama-2.Bathola i-exoskeleton.
Ividiyo: Lakedra
Kwakungama-conodonts aphenduka okhokho bamazinyo emihlathi, futhi ukubonakala komhlathi kwaba umehluko obaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwenhlanzi yokuqala nokhokho bayo. Wayephethwe ama-placoderms ayehlala eMhlabeni esikhathini seSilurian. Kulokhu, nangezikhathi ezimbili ezalandela, izinhlanzi zathola ukwehlukahluka okukhulu kwezinhlobo futhi zaqala ukubusa izilwandle zomhlaba.
Kodwa iningi lalezi zinhlobo zasendulo zanyamalala ekuqaleni kwenkathi yeMesozoic, kanti ezinye ekugcineni. Zathathelwa indawo yizinhlobo ezintsha, kanti ezinye zazo zisekhona. Kodwa-ke, umndeni wehhashi mackerel, ongowakwaLacedra, wavela kamuva kuphela: ngemuva kokuqothulwa kweCretaceous-Paleogene, okwaba yisikhathi sokuqala kwenkathi entsha. Ama-lacedras ngokwawo avele phakathi kwabokuqala emndenini, ekuqaleni kwe-Eocene, eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-55 edlule. Umhlobo lo wachazwa nguK. Temminck noG.Schlegel ngonyaka ka-1845, kwathiwa yi-Seriola quinqueradiata ngesiLatin.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Indlela iLacedra ebukeka ngayo
ILakedra iyinhlanzi enkulu impela, ingakhula ize ifike ku-150 cm futhi ifinyelele kubunzima obungu-40 kg, kepha ubukhulu becala kuyabanjwa izinhlobo ezinesisindo esingu-5-8 kg. Isimo somzimba wakhe simise okwe-torpedo, sicindezelwe kusuka ezinhlangothini. Inhlanzi imbozwe izikali ezincane, nekhanda layo likhombe kancane.
Umbala wezinhlanzi usiliva nge-tinge eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ingemuva limnyama kancane kanti amaphiko angama-olive noma aphuzi. Umugqa ophuzi ohlukaniseka ngokucacile ugijima cishe kuwo wonke umzimba, uqala empumulweni uqobo.
Ungahlukanisa futhi i-lacedra kwezinye izinhlanzi ngamaphiko ayo. Kokuqala, imisebe ye-dorsal imifushane futhi icwebezelayo, kune-5-6 kuphela yayo, futhi yonke ixhunywe ulwelwesi. Kunameva phambi kwakhe. I-fin yesibili inemisebe engaphezulu - 19-26, futhi ithambile. I-anal fin ende inemisebe embalwa eqinile nemisebe eminingi ethambile.
Isici esibaluleke kunazo zonke se-lakedra kubantu ukuthi inyama yayo imnandi kakhulu, njenge-tuna. Inombala obomvu, ingasetshenziswa yomibili imisha (amaJapane enza isashimi, isushi nezinye izitsha ezivela kuyo), futhi kusetshenzwe. Kuba lula ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa okuphezulu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Iningi le-lachedra elithengiswayo lifuyelwa ekuthunjweni, kanti inyama yenhlanzi yasendle ibalwa ngaphezulu ngoba ukudla kwayo kuhluka kakhulu ngakho-ke kunambitheka kangcono. Ngenxa yalokho, umehluko wentengo phakathi kwezinhlanzi ezibanjwe olwandle nezinhlanzi ezifuywayo ungafinyelela izikhathi ezingama-7-10.
Uhlala kuphi lacedra?
Isithombe: Lakedra ngaphansi kwamanzi
Lezi zinhlobo zisabalele kakhulu ogwini olusempumalanga ye-Asia futhi ziya empumalanga, olwandle oluvulekile.
Izindawo eziyinhloko zokubanjwa kwazo amanzi asogwini aseduze:
- EJapan;
- China;
- Korea;
- Taiwan;
- Primorye;
- ISakhalin;
- Iziqhingi zaseKuril.
ILakedra iyafuduka, kepha ivame ukuhamba amabanga amafushane. Ngokuya ngesibalo sabantu, imizila yokufuduka ingahluka. Isibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke noma, noma kunjalo, isibalo sabantu abadotshwa ngenkuthalo siba se-East China Sea, kepha ukusuka lapho cishe izinhlanzi ezincane ngokushesha ziyabhukuda ziye enyakatho.
Bese bechitha iminyaka embalwa yokuqala yezimpilo zabo eduze nesiqhingi saseHokkaido. Ehlobo, lapho amanzi esha, i-lakedra intanta phambili enyakatho, ogwini lwaseSakhalin nasePrimorye. Ebusika ibuyela osebeni lweHokkaido - le nhlanzi i-thermophilic impela. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, kulandela izikole ezinkulu zezinhlanzi, ezondla njengama-anchovies noma ama-sardine. Ukufuduka okunjalo kuyaqhubeka iminyaka eminingana, eneminyaka engama-3-5, i-lakedra ibhukuda ibheke eningizimu, ogwini lwaseHonshu naseKorea, abanye babhukuda baye eningizimu, kepha banokuhlushwa okukhulu kakhulu kwale nhlanzi.
Ngaphezu kokufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, ama-shoed lakedra avame ukwenza amafushane ngokuqhathaniswa, ahamba nje ngemuva kwezikole zezinhlanzi ezincane futhi ezondla endleleni. Ngenxa yalokhu, bavame ukubanjwa lapho bedoba ezinye izinhlanzi, ngokwesibonelo, ngama-mackerels noma ama-anchovies njenge-by-catch, i-lacedra eningi ebalandelayo iyabanjwa.
Manje uyazi lapho i-lacedra itholakala khona. Ake sibone ukuthi le nhlanzi idlani.
Udla ini uLacedra?
Isithombe: Fish lacedra
Ama-lacedras asanda kuzalwa adla i-plankton, ngakho-ke, lapho ekhula, kancane kancane aqala ukudla inyamazane eyengeziwe. Ekudleni, le nhlanzi ayinakubizwa ngokukhetha ngokukhethekile: singasho ukuthi ishwabadela noma yisiphi isidalwa esiphilayo esingabamba sidle naso. Izinhlanzi ezindala, ezikhula ziye ngosayizi omkhulu, zingadla inyamazane eyahlukene, ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi ezincane - futhi zikwenza ngempumelelo.
Phakathi kwezisulu ezivame kakhulu zale nhlanzi:
- isardadi;
- i-herring;
- ama-anchovies;
- ama-juveniles ne-caviar yezinhlanzi ezahlukahlukene.
I-Lacedrus izingela ngamaphakethe, izungeze isikole sezilwane ezivela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi futhi kancane kancane icindezela iringi. Ukubalekela kubo, inhlanzi encane izama ukusakazeka ngezindlela ezihlukile, imvamisa ize igxume iphume emanzini - kusuka phezulu futhi ukude kungabonakala sengathi amanzi abilayo ngenxa yobuningi bezinhlanzi ezigxumayo. Lo msebenzi uheha ukunakwa kwezinyoni ezidla inyama, okufaka isandla ezinxushunxushwini: ziyacwila bese zizama ukubamba izinhlanzi ezigxumayo. Kwesinye isikhathi abantu, bebona ukunqwabelana okunjalo, baya kudoba lapho - ukuze i-lakedra iphenduke isisulu.
Ekuthunjweni, i-lachedra yondliwa ngengxube yenyama evela ezinhlanzini zenani eliphansi. Ithola amavithamini abalulekile ayidingayo futhi ikhula masishane kokuphakelayo okunjalo - ubulula nesivinini sokukhula kwenze kwaba ngesinye sezinhlobo eziyinhloko ezilinywayo eJapan.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngokuzalanisa okufakelwayo, amafry ahlaliswa emakhejini akhethekile ngokwesikhathi sokubonakala kwawo, ngenxa yalokho amakhulu angeke adle lawo amancane - futhi lokhu kuyimbangela enkulu yokufa kwezinhlanzi ezisanda kuzalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abasongelwa yinoma yiziphi izilwane ezidlayo - ngenxa yalokho, izinhlanzi eziphindwe kaningi ziphila zize zibe abantu abadala.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Lakedra
ILakedra ihola cishe ngendlela efanayo yokuphila njengezinye izinhlanzi eziningi ezivela enombolweni ye-horse mackerel. Le nhlanzi ihlala emihlambini emikhulu: kulula ukuzingela ngale ndlela. Isikole asihlali endaweni eyodwa isikhathi eside, sihlala sihamba noma sifuna izikole zezinhlanzi ezincane ezingadliwa, noma silandele isikole esinjalo.
Ukubhukuda ngokushesha, kungathola cishe noma iziphi izinhlanzi ezincane ngosayizi. Ngenxa yesisindo sayo esiqinile nokuma komzimba, iyawasika kahle amanzi, ngakho-ke izingela ngempumelelo ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni eziminyene zamanzi, yehlisa izinhlanzi ezincane. Inesibhuku sokubhukuda, ngakho-ke ikwazi ukubhukuda ize iye olwandle oluvulekile.
Kepha kuvame ukutholakala ngasogwini, ikakhulukazi, kunethuba elikhulu lokuthi kuzotholakala ngaphandle kokubhukuda kude nolwandle, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nasogwini, ngezikhathi zasekuseni. I-Lakedra ngalesi sikhathi ivame ukubhukuda isondele kakhulu emakhanda naseziqhingini ifuna inyamazane. Bayilobela ekuseni.
Kwesinye isikhathi i-lacedra ihlukaniswa ngephutha njengezinhlanzi ze-tuna, ngoba ifana nazo zombili ekubukekeni nasekuziphatheni kwayo, futhi idla kakhulu ngenhlanzi efanayo - okusho ukuthi itholakala kakhulu ezindaweni ezifanayo. Kepha i-tuna lachedra ayizona izihlobo eziseduze. Ungahlukanisa i-tuna ngamaphiko amise okwe-rheng: i-lakedra ayinayo. Le nhlanzi ayihlali isikhathi eside, iminyaka eyi-10-12, umuntu ohlala kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-15 uthathwa njengesibindi eside, futhi kunezimbalwa zazo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-Yellowtail Lacedra
Ngeminyaka engu-3-5, i-lakedra iyavuthwa ngokocansi futhi ingene ekuzaleni kokuqala - khona-ke izophindwa njalo ngonyaka. Ukuzalela kuqala ngoMeyi-Juni futhi kuhlala kuze kuphele ihlobo: ukuze kuzalwe, izinhlanzi zidinga amanzi afudumele nesimo sezulu esihle, ngakho-ke inqubo ingathatha isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, i-lakedra iya eningizimu kakhulu yohlu lwayo ukubeka amaqanda: eziqhingini zaseJapan zaseKyushu naseShikoku, kanye nasogwini lwaseNingizimu Korea. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ayihambeli nje kuphela olwandle olugeza lezi zindawo, kodwa ngqo ngqo ogwini: abesifazane bazala kude ngamamitha ayi-100-250 ukusuka ogwini ngqo kukholamu lamanzi.
Ngalesi sikhathi, kukhona abesilisa abaseduze, abakhipha ubisi, ngaleyo ndlela bavundise amaqanda. Amaqanda ngokwawo mancane kakhulu, angaphansi ngisho kwemilimitha, kodwa owesifazane ngamunye ukhipha amakhulu ezinkulungwane zawo ngaphandle kokufa. Akuwona wonke avundiswa - amaqanda asele engavundiswanga asebenza njengokudla kwalabo abasenhlanhleni.
Kodwa-ke, lawa avundisiwe nawo adliwa yifry echanyuselwe phambilini: ukufukama kwamaqanda kuhlala cishe izinyanga eziyi-3.5-4, ngakho-ke, uma abesifazane ababili bezozala endaweni efanayo, gazinga elivele ngaphambili lizomane lidle wonke amaqanda esifazane wesibili. Amafry ahlala kukholamu yamanzi, kepha asondele ogwini, angahambi ngomkhumbi kude nalapho azalelwa khona. Abondli kuphela i-caviar ne-plankton, kepha futhi nangomunye nomunye - kuphela okusinda okuqine kakhulu futhi okusheshayo, ikakhulukazi ngoba nabo kufanele babalekele ezilwaneni eziningi ezidla ezinye. Zidla futhi ulwelwe oluningi.
Kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zibukeka njengezinhlanzi ezindala, ekuqaleni zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu futhi zisuke kokungahle zibe yizisulu zezilwane eziyingozi kakhulu: zibonisa imikhuba efanayo kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zempilo. Ngokuzalanisa okufakelwayo kusisindo sokuhweba esingu-3-5 kg, zikhula ngonyaka nje, ezimweni zemvelo kuthatha isikhathi esiphindwe kabili - kepha isisindo esikhulu kuzo siphezulu.
Izitha zemvelo zikaLacedrus
Isithombe: Fish lacedra
Kunezinsongo ezimbalwa kubantu abadala olwandle: zinkulu kakhulu ukuba zingaba yizisulu zezilwane zasolwandle. Okuhlukile kakhulu oshaka, baningi impela kubo kulezi zilwandle lapho kuhlala khona i-lacedras, futhi badla konke okubonwayo kuphela, futhi bathanda ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi ezinkulu.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, uma i-lacedra ikwazile ukukhula, amathuba ayo okuphila sonke isikhathi esilinganisiwe nokufa ngenxa yokuguga ayanda nge-oda enkulu, ngoba izinsongo kubantu abasha zikhulu kakhulu: banentshisekelo kuzo zombili izinhlanzi ezinkulu nezinyoni. Futhi uma zincane, abahlaseli bazo bazisongela ngokwengeziwe.
Ngakho-ke, gazinga namaqanda kuyafa kunakho konke. Lokho nabanye kudliwa yizinhlanzi ezidlayo - ikakhulukazi ezincane neziphakathi, ezinye gazinga, kufaka phakathi izihlobo, abantu abadala base-lakedra. Izinhlobo eziningi eziba yisisulu se-lakedra esezikhulile zidla i-fry ne-caviar yayo - ngokwesibonelo, i-herring ne-sardine.
Ngenxa yakho konke lokhu, amaphesenti amancane kakhulu amaqanda ake azala aba yinhlanzi yabantu abadala. Ngemuva kwalokho, isitha sabo esikhulu kuzoba ngabantu ababamba le nhlanzi ngenkuthalo; yize iningi le-lachedra elithengiswa ezitolo likhule ngokwenziwe, futhi alibanjwa nakancane.
Kunezinsongo ezimbalwa kakhulu kuye ekuthunjweni, ngoba uvikeleke ngokwethenjelwa ezilwaneni eziyingozi. Kodwa-ke, lezi zingcuphe zikhona: lezi zinambuzane nezifo, ikakhulukazi, ukutheleleka kwamagciwane - i-vibriosis iyingozi. Lezi zinsongo zikhona nasendaweni yemvelo yezinhlanzi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayoEJapane, bekuvame ukucatshangwa ukuthi umuntu uyaguga ngeminyaka emisha. Lokhu bekugujwa ngesidlo senhlanzi samaholide esibizwa nge-toshitori zakana. Uma engxenyeni esempumalanga yeJapane kwasetshenziswa i-salmon yalesi sidlo, engxenyeni esentshonalanga yeJapane. Lesi siko sigcinwe ezikhathini zanamuhla.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Indlela iLacedra ebukeka ngayo
Akukho okusongela inani labantu be-lacedra: yize kukhona ukubanjwa kwezimboni, amanani ayo anciphe kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi le nhlanzi eningi ikhuliswa ngokungeyena. Futhi nakuleyo minyaka lapho ukubanjwa kufinyelela phezulu, kwakungekho ukwehla okuphawulekayo kubantu.
Inani elikhulu kakhulu lale nhlanzi ligxile oLwandle i-East China ngasogwini lwaseJapan naseKorea. Inani labantu base-lakedra lizinzile, ikakhulukazi lilinganiselwe inani lokudla endaweni yezinhlanzi. Kunemininingwane emincane ngenani lale nhlanzi ekujuleni koLwandlekazi iPacific, lapho kungabanjwa khona.
ILakedra ibanjwa ikakhulukazi ebangeni elifushane ukusuka ogwini, inani eliphelele lokubanjwa kuwo wonke amazwe lifinyelela amashumi ezinkulungwane zamathani ngonyaka, iningi lawo liwela emikhunjini yaseJapan. Ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka ethile ukubanjwa kwafinyelela amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-130-180.
Kutshalwe ngendlela yokuzenzela emakhejini womabili nasezindaweni ezibiyelwe ezingasolwandle. Isabelo esiyinhloko samapulazi ezinhlanzi, ahlakulela i-lachedra, siwela eJapane naseKorea, ukukhiqizwa okuphelele kwalolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi kuzo kufinyelela kumathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-150 ngonyaka. Ukukhiqizwa eChina naseTaiwan kuya ngokuya kusebenza, lapho izimo nazo zifanelekile.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: AmaJapan aqhamuke namagama amaningi ngale nhlanzi - ahluka ngokuya ngesifunda kanye neminyaka yelakedra. Ngakho-ke, empumalanga, eKanto, ukukhetha okuncane kunakho konke kubizwa ngokuthi yi-wakashi, indadlana - i-inada, bese kuba i-varas, iziphepho ezinkulu kunazo zonke.
Ngasentshonalanga, eKansai, amagama ahluke ngokuphelele - i-tsubasu, i-hamachi ne-mejiro, ukuphela kokugcina kufana - iziphepho. Abantu abadala ababanjwa ebusika babizwa ngokuthi yi-kan buri futhi kukholakala ukuthi banambitha kangcono njalo lapho kuneqhwa.
Lakedra - enye yezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezingavamile ezingatholi ukudoba okusebenzayo, futhi lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulula kakhulu ukuzala ekuthunjweni, okwenza kube usizo nakakhulu. EJapan naseKorea, iligugu kakhulu, futhi empeleni, ngokunambitheka, ifana nezinye izinhlobo ezimnandi, kepha ezisengozini enkulu, ngokwesibonelo, isalmon.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/19/2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 19.08.2019 ngo-23: 01
