Coho - Le ngenye yezinhlanzi ezinhle kakhulu ohlelweni lwe-gastronomic, luhlukaniswa nenyama ethambile enekhalori eliphansi elinambitheka obucayi namathambo ambalwa. Bambalwa abadobi be-amateur ababenenhlanhla ngokwanele yokuzingela le nhlanzi eyivelakancane, futhi iningi layo lihlala liyindebe efiselekayo kodwa engafinyeleleki.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Coho salmon
ICoo salmon ingummeleli ojwayelekile womndeni omkhulu wama-salmon. AmaSalmonid angomunye wabokhokho bokuqala bazo zonke izinhlanzi zamathambo zanamuhla, abaziwa kusukela esikhathini seCretaceous senkathi yeMesozoic. Ngenxa yokufana okukhethekile kwamafomu wabamele lo mndeni kanye ne-herring, kwesinye isikhathi babehlanganiswa babe munye.
Ividiyo: Coho salmon
Abaphenyi bathi ngesikhathi kwakhiwa izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, zazingahlukaniseki nakancane kunakuqala manje. Ku-encyclopedia yezikhathi zeSoviet, kwakungekho ukuhleleka kwama-salmonid, kepha kamuva ukuhlelwa kwalungiswa - i-oda elihlukile lama-salmonid lakhonjwa, elihlanganisa kuphela umndeni we-salmon.
Le nhlanzi eyenziwe ngemisebe, okhokho basendulo kakhulu emuva kwayo emuva kwesikhathi seSilurian - eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-400-410 edlule, iyinhlanzi ye-anadrobic yokuhweba. Njengama-salmon coho salmon amaningi, angena emifuleni ukuze azale, futhi emanzini olwandle adla kuphela ubusika obuningi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayoI-Coho salmon yindawo yokudoba ebaluleke kakhulu, kepha inani labantu bayo aliningi njengalelamanye amalungu omndeni omkhulu wama-salmon. Kusukela ngo-2005 kuya ku-2010, ukubanjwa kwe-Russian coho salmon kukhuphuke kahlanu kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-5 000 ton, kuyilapho umhlaba uhlala ezingeni elifanayo - amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-19-20 ngonyaka.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-salmon yekhoho
Ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kombala kwamanye amazwe, ama-salmon e-coho abizwa nge-salmon yesiliva. Isidumbu sabantu abadala esigabeni sasolwandle sinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma oluhlaza okotshani, futhi izinhlangothi nesisu kuyisilivere. I-lobe engenhla yomsila wakhe nangemuva ihlotshiswe ngamabala amnyama.
Abantu abasha banamabala amaningi kunalawo avuthiwe ngokocansi, ngaphezu kwalokho, bahlukaniswa ngokuba khona kwemivimbo eqondile emzimbeni, izinsini ezimhlophe nezilimi ezimnyama. Ngaphambi kokuthuthela emanzini olwandle, izilwane ezincane zilahlekelwa ukufihla imifula yazo futhi zifane nezihlobo zazo ezindala.
Umzimba we-salmon we-coho unesimo se-oblong, esicwecwe kusuka ezinhlangothini. Umsila uyisikwele, ubanzi ezansi, ugcwele izindawo eziningi ezimnyama. Inhloko iyindilinga, inkulu kakhulu.
Lapho ungena emfuleni ukuze uzalise, umzimba wesalmon wesilisa uhlangabezana nezinguquko ezinkulu:
- umbala wesiliva wezinhlangothi ushintsha ube bomvu ngokukhanyayo noma i-maroon;
- kwabesilisa, amazinyo akhula ngokuphawulekayo, kuvela umhlathi ogoqwe ngokuqinile;
- i-hump ivela ngemuva kwekhanda eliyindilinga, futhi umzimba uthinta kakhulu;
- ukubukeka kowesifazane cishe akushintshi kuye ngomjikelezo wempilo.
Abantu abavuthiwe abavela engxenyeni yase-Asia yebanga bangathola isisindo kusuka ku-2 kuye ku-7 kilogram. Abantu baseNyakatho Melika bakhulu ngosayizi: isisindo singafinyelela kumakhilogremu ama-13-15 ngobude bomzimba cishe wemitha elilodwa.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Abesilisa abancane abazala abanobude obungamasentimitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-35 bavame ukubizwa nge- “jacks”.
Ihlala kuphi icalm salmon?
Isithombe: Coho salmon
Le nhlanzi itholakala emanzini aseduzane neNyakatho, Central California, itholakala eNorth Pacific Ocean, imifula engasogwini ngase-Alaska. Abantu bakhona baningi eKamchatka, ngasogwini lwaseCanada, futhi batholakala ngamanani amancane eduze naseCommander Islands.
Ensimini yezwe lethu, le nhlanzi itholakala:
- emanzini oLwandle lwase-Okhotsk;
- esifundeni saseMagadan, eSakhalin, eKamchatka;
- echibini iSarannoe neKotelnoe.
I-salmon yeChoho yi-thermophilic kakhulu kunazo zonke izinhlobo ze-salmon zasePacific, enebanga lokushisa elinethezekile lama-degree ayi-5 kuye kwayi-16. ICoo salmon ichitha cishe unyaka nohhafu emanzini olwandle, bese igijimela emifuleni engasogwini. Ogwini lwaseMelika, kunezinhlobo ezikhethekile zokuhlala abantu ezitholakala kuphela emachibini.
Kwi-salmon yama-coho, kubalulekile ukuthi okukhona manje kulezi zinqolobane kungabi kakhulu, futhi ngezansi kugcwele amatshe amatshe. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, indawo yokuhlala yalesi salmon inciphile kakhulu. Imizila yayo yokudala incishisiwe noma iqedwe kweminye imifula, kepha isavamile ezinhlelweni zemifula emikhulu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kunohlobo olukhethekile lwecoalm salmon olukhula ngempumelelo emapulazini okwenziwa aseChile. Izinhlanzi zincane kunezinhlanzi zasendle futhi zinamafutha aphansi enyameni, kodwa zikhula ngokushesha.
Idla ini i-coho salmon?
Isithombe: Salmon ebomvu
Uma zisemanzini ahlanzekile, izilwane ezisencane zidla kuqala kwizibungu zomiyane, izimpukane ze-caddis kanye nama-algae ahlukahlukene. Lapho usayizi womzimba wezinsizwa usondela kumasentimitha ayi-10, ukuthosa kwezinye izinhlanzi, imicibisholo yamanzi, amabhungane omfula, kanye ne-imago yezinambuzane ezithile kuyatholakala kubo.
Ukudla okuvamile kwabantu asebekhulile yilokhu:
- isitoko esincane sezinye izinhlanzi, kufaka phakathi i-salmon;
- izibungu ze-crab, ama-crustaceans, i-krill;
- squid, herring, cod, navaga nokunye.
Ngenxa yomlomo omkhulu ngokwanele namazinyo aqinile, i-coho salmon ingadla izinhlanzi ezinkulu kakhulu. Uhlobo lwezinhlanzi ekudleni kuncike endaweni okuhlala kuyo i-coho salmon nesikhathi sonyaka.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: ICoo salmon isendaweni yesithathu ohlwini lokuqukethwe okunamafutha enyama, ngaphambi kwe-sockeye salmon ne-chinook salmon. Le nhlanzi iqandisiwe, ifakwe emathinini, bese ifakwa usawoti. Yonke imfucuza ngemuva kokucubungula isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ufulawa wokuphakelayo.
Ngesikhathi sokuzala, inhlanzi ayidli nakancane, imizwa yayo ehlotshaniswa nokukhishwa kokudla inyamalala ngokuphelele, namathumbu ayayeka ukusebenza. Yonke imikhosi iqondiswe ekuqhubekeni kohlobo, futhi abantu abadala abondlekile bafa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzala. Kepha ukufa kwabo akusho lutho, ngoba bona ngokwabo baba yindawo yokuzalanisa yonke imvelo yomfula echibini, kufaka phakathi inzalo yabo.
Manje uyazi lapho itholakala khona i-salmon yekhoho. Ake sibone ukuthi le nhlanzi idlani.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Coho salmon
Lolu hlobo lwe-salmon luqala impilo yalo emanzini angenasawoti, lapho luhlala khona cishe unyaka, bese lufudukela olwandle nasolwandle ukuze lukhule futhi luqhubeke. Ezinye izinhlobo azingeni kakhulu emanzini olwandle, zikhetha ukuhlala eduze kwemifula, kanti ezinye ziyakwazi ukufuduka amabanga amade angaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayinkulungwane.
Bahlala cishe unyaka nohhafu emanzini anosawoti bese bebuyela emifuleni noma emachibini, lapho bazalelwa khona esigabeni sokugcina sempilo yabo. Isikhathi somjikelezo wokuphila wonke we-coho salmon yiminyaka engu-3-4. Abanye besilisa bafa ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila.
Coho salmon gcina emihlambini. Olwandle, kuhlala izingqimba zamanzi ezingekho ngaphansi kwamamitha angama-250 ukusuka ebusweni, ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi zisendaweni engama-7-9 amamitha. Isikhathi sokungena emifuleni sincike endaweni yokuhlala. Kukhona i-salmon yasehlobo, ekwindla nasebusika. Abantu bavuthwa ngokocansi kuphela ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila.
Kuye kwaqashelwa ukuthi abesilisa bavuthwa ngokushesha emachibini anamanzi angenasawoti. I-salmon yeCoho iphuma iyozala ngemuva kwesikhathi kakhulu kunabo bonke abanye abamele umndeni we-salmon. Izinhlobo ze-Anadromous overwinter olwandle noma olwandle.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Lolu hlobo lwe-salmon aluthokozelwa inyama ebomvu kuphela, kodwa futhi ne-caviar enomunyu, kodwa enomsoco kakhulu. Ayinama-kilojoule aphezulu njengalawo amanye amalungu alo mndeni futhi athathwa njengalusizo kakhulu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Coho salmon eRussia
Abantu abavuthiwe ngokocansi bathunyelwa ukuzala kusukela ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba kuya kuJanuwari. Kwezinye izifunda, uhlelo lokuveza lungahluka. Izinhlanzi zikhuphula umfula ebusuku kuphela, kancane kakhulu futhi zivame ukuma ukuze ziphumule emigodini ejulile.
Izinsikazi zisebenzisa umsila wazo ukumba ngaphansi kwesidleke, lapho kubekwa khona amaqanda. Ukubamba kwenziwa ngezindlela eziningana futhi ingxenye ngayinye yamaqanda ivundiswa ngabesilisa abahlukene. Isikhathi sonke sokuzala, owesifazane oyedwa uyakwazi ukukhiqiza amaqanda afinyelela ku-3000-4500.
Insikazi imba imigodi yokubeka ngayinye ngakunye ngenhla komfula, ngakho-ke ngayinye eyedlule kuvela ukuthi imbozwe ngubhuqu kusuka kulowo osanda kumbiwa. Ngemuva kokuphothulwa kokugcina, kodwa isigaba esibaluleke kunazo zonke empilweni yabo, abantu abadala bayafa.
Isikhathi sokufukamela sincike ekushiseni kwamanzi futhi singaqala ezinsukwini ezingama-38 kuye kwezingama-48. Izinga lokusinda liphezulu kakhulu, kepha, nokho, lesi yisigaba sempilo esengozini kakhulu, lapho i-coho salmon encane ingaba yisisulu sezilwane ezidla ezinye, iqhwa, ingcwatshwe ngaphansi kongqimba lwodaka, njalonjalo. Iziphungumangathi zihlala emadwaleni amasonto amabili kuya kwayishumi baze bazidle ngokuphelele izikhwama ze-yolk.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-45 ngemuva kokuzalwa, gazinga likhula lifike kumasentimitha ama-3. Amaphuphu akhula eduze neziqu zemithi, amatshe amakhulu, emakhakheni. Ukufuduka kwezinsizwa ezansi nomfula kuqala cishe ngonyaka, lapho ubude bomzimba wazo budlula u-13-20 cm.
Izitha zemvelo zecalm salmon
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-salmon yekhoho
Endaweni yazo yemvelo, abantu abadala banezitha ezimbalwa. Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezidla ezinye kuphela ezinamandla amakhulu futhi ezisheshayo ezikwazi ukubhekana ne-coho salmon, ngaphandle kwalokho, inesifihla esihle sokuzivikela futhi kunzima ukusibona kukholamu lamanzi. Izinyoni zasolwandle azikwazi ukufinyelela kuzo, njengoba abantu abavuthiwe behlala ekujuleni okukhulu.
Ukukhula okuncane kungaba isisulu sezinhlanzi eziningi ezidlayo, kufaka phakathi izihlobo zabantu abadala. Izinguquko ezimweni zesimo sezulu, ukulahleka kwezindawo zokuzalela ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwamadamu, kanye nokwanda kwamadolobha kubanga umonakalo omkhulu kubantu balolu hlobo. Ukugawulwa kwemithi nezolimo kuthinta kabi izinga lamanzi emanzini endabuko okuzalanisa ama-salmon e-coho.
Ngenkathi kwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi izinga lokusinda kwamaqanda kaningi kungeqi amaphesenti angama-50, ukulahleka kwe-salmon yekhoho akukhona ngaphezu kwamaphesenti ayi-6-7. Isizathu esiyinhloko ilungiselelo elikhethekile lezidleke zokubeka amaqanda, okufaka isandla ekunciphisweni okuhle kwamaqanda nemibungu, ukugezwa kukadoti.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi eRussia lungabanjwa nayizimfundamakhwela, kepha kulokhu udinga ukuthola ilayisensi ekhethekile. Inani elikhulu lama-salmon e-coho ahlala eduze kwaseKamchatka - sekuyisikhathi eside kubhekwa njengenhlanzi yaseKamchatka. Kwezinye izifunda zezwe, akuvamile kakhulu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Coho salmon
Ukuhlaziywa kokugcina kwenani lama-salmon asogwini lwase-Alaska naseKamchatka kwenziwa ngo-2012. Inani lale nhlanzi ebaluleke kakhulu kwezentengiselwano manje selizinzile kancane futhi ezindaweni zokuhlushwa kwalo okukhulu, akukho okuyisongelayo. Kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, emanzini aseduze neCalifornia, e-Alaska, kuye kwaba nokwanda okuncane kwinani lalo mmeleli weSalmon. Okuwukuphela kokukhathazeka isiphetho sohlobo olulodwa lwe-coho salmon, oluhlala kuphela emachibini amaningana.
Ukugcina inani lamasalmon e-coho, kuyadingeka ukulondolozwa kwezimo ezinhle ezindaweni ezijwayelekile zokuzala kwabo, ukwethula ukuvinjelwa okuphelele kokudoba kweminye imizimba yamanzi, nokuqinisa ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ukulungisa amasimu ngezitshalo.
Ngenxa yesibalo esincane sezitha endaweni yazo yemvelo, ukuzala okuphezulu kakhulu nezinga lokusinda elihlaba umxhwele lezilwane ezisencane, i-coho salmon iyakwazi ukubuyisela ngokuzimela inani labantu bayo ngesikhathi esifushane. Umuntu udinga ukumsiza kancane kuphela, kepha into ebaluleke kakhulu ukungaphazamisi ngenqubekela phambili izinqubo zemvelo hhayi ukudala izithiyo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-salmon yeChoho ivunyelwe ukubanjwa kuphela ngokuzungeza nangokundiza ukudoba. Le nhlanzi eqinile ayideli ngaphandle kokulwa, ngakho ukudoba kuhlale kujabulisa kakhulu.
CohoNjengabo bonke abamele umndeni we-salmon, izinhlanzi zihlukile futhi zibaluleke kakhulu ekudlaleni okunempilo komuntu, kepha akupheleli lapho. Ikhono lokubhukuda ngokumelene nesikhathi samanje, ukukhuphuka imifula ukufeza inhloso yokuphila enkulu, naphezu kwazo zonke izithiyo, kwenza le nhlanzi ibe yimpi yangempela, isibonelo sokuzimisela nokuziphatha okuqinile.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/18/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 11.11.2019 ngo-12: 07
