UMarlin Ingabe uhlobo lwezinhlanzi ezinkulu zasolwandle ezinamakhala amade ezibonakala ngomzimba ohlangene, umphetho omude wasemuva kanye nephunga eliyindilinga elivela embusweni. Ziyizulazula ezitholakala emhlabeni wonke eduze nobuso bolwandle futhi ziyizilwane ezidla kakhulu ezinye izinhlanzi. Ziyadliwa futhi zithandwa kakhulu ngabadobi bezemidlalo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Marlin
UMarlin uyilungu lomndeni wase-marlin, i-oda elifana ne-perch.
Ngokuvamile kunezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko zemarlin:
- I-marlin eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka etholakala emhlabeni wonke iyinhlanzi enkulu kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi inesisindo esingu-450 kg noma ngaphezulu. Yisilwane esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esimnyama esinesisu esiliva futhi imivimbo emide elula elula I-marlin eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ivame ukucwila ngokujulile futhi ikhathale ngokushesha kunamanye ama-marlins;
- I-black marlin iba nkulu noma ibe nkulu kune-blue. Kuyaziwa ukufinyelela isisindo esingaphezu kwama-700 kg. I-Indo-Pacific eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma i-cyan, mpunga ngenhla nokukhanyisa ngezansi Amaphiko aso aqinile aqinile akwamapectoral anama-engeli futhi awakwazi ukucabaleka emzimbeni ngaphandle kokuphoqelelwa;
- i-marlin emthende, enye inhlanzi e-Indo-Pacific, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphezulu futhi emhlophe ngezansi ngemivimbo emile mpo. Imvamisa ayidluli i-125 kg. I-marlin emthende idume ngekhono layo lokulwa futhi inedumela lokuchitha isikhathi esiningi emoyeni kunasemanzini ngemuva kokuxhunywa. Baziwa ngokugijima okude nokuhamba ngomsila;
- I-marlin emhlophe (M. albida noma i-T. albidus) inqunyelwe yi-Atlantic futhi iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala ngesisu esikhanyayo nemivimbo emi mpo emaceleni. Isisindo sayo esiphezulu cishe singama-45 kg. Ama-marlins amhlophe, yize ewuhlobo oluncane kakhulu lwamamaki, anesisindo esingeqile ku-100 kg, ayadingeka ngenxa yejubane lawo, ikhono elihle lokugxuma nobunzima besithiyelo futhi abamba nabo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Indlela i-marlin ebukeka ngayo
Izimpawu ze-blue marlin zimi kanje:
- i-spiky anterior dorsal fin engafinyeleli ekujuleni komzimba okuphezulu;
- amaphiko we-pectoral (ohlangothini) awaqinile, kepha anggoqwa abuyele emzimbeni;
- i-cobalt eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emuva efiphela kumhlophe. Isilwane sinemivimbo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ephaphathekile ehlale inyamalala ngemva kokufa;
- ukuma komzimba okujwayelekile kungu-cylindrical.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: I-Black marlin kwesinye isikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi "inkunzi yasolwandle" ngenxa yamandla ayo amakhulu, usayizi omkhulu nokukhuthazela okumangalisayo lapho ixhunywe. Konke lokhu kusobala ukuthi kubenza babe yinhlanzi ethandwa kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi bangaba nenkungu e-silvery emboza umzimba wabo, okusho ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi babizwa nge- "silver marlin".
Ividiyo: UMarlin
Izimpawu zomnyama omnyama:
- i-dorsal fin ephansi ehlobene nokujula komzimba (incane kunama-marlins amaningi);
- uqhwaku nomzimba mfushane kunezinye izinhlobo;
- ubumnyama obuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka buya ngokuya esiswini sesiliva;
- amaphiko aqinile wepectoral angakwazi ukugoqwa.
I-marlin emhlophe kulula ukuyibona. Nakhu okufanele ukufune:
- umphetho womgogodla uyindilinga, uvame ukudlula ukujula komzimba;
- ilula, kwesinye isikhathi umbala oluhlaza;
- amabala esiswini, kanye nakumaphiko omgogodla naphambi kwendunu.
Izici zesici semarlin emthende zimi kanje:
- i-spiky dorsal fin, engaphakama ngaphezu kokujula komzimba wayo;
- imivimbo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iyabonakala, esala ngisho nangemva kokufa;
- ukuzaca komzimba, okucindezelwe kakhudlwana komzimba;
- amaphiko we-pectoral akhonjisiwe.
Uhlala kuphi umarlin?
Isithombe: Marlin e-Atlantic Ocean
Ama-marlins aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka izinhlanzi ze-pelagic, kepha azitholakali emanzini olwandle angaphansi kwamamitha ayi-100 ukujula. Uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-marlins, i-blue isatshalaliswa kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo. Zitholakala emanzini asempumalanga nasentshonalanga ye-Australia futhi kuya ngemisinga yolwandle efudumele, yonke indlela eya eningizimu eya eTasmania. IBlue marlin itholakala olwandle iPacific kanye ne-Atlantic Ocean. Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ulwandle oluluhlaza olutholakala olwandle iPacific nolwase-Atlantic luyizinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene, yize lo mbono uphikiswa. Kubukeka sengathi iphuzu ukuthi kuvame ukuba nomugqa omningi ePacific kune-Atlantic.
I-Black marlin ivame ukutholakala olwandle olushisayo lwaseNdiya nolwePacific. Zibhukuda emanzini asogwini futhi zizungeze amadwala neziqhingi, kodwa futhi zizulazula olwandle oluphakeme. Abavamile ukufika emanzini apholile, kwesinye isikhathi bezungeza iCape of Good Hope baye e-Atlantic.
Ama-marlins amhlophe ahlala emanzini asezindaweni ezishisayo nase-Atlantic, kufaka phakathi iGulf of Mexico, iCaribbean kanye ne-Western Mediterranean. Zivame ukutholakala emanzini angajulile ngasogwini.
I-marlin enemigqa itholakala emanzini ashisayo nasendaweni eshisayo oLwandlekazi iPacific nolweNdiya. I-marlin enemigqa iyizinhlobo ze-pelagic ezifuduka kakhulu ezitholakala ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-289. Zivame ukubonakala emanzini asogwini, ngaphandle kwalapho kunokwehla okucijile emanzini ajulile. I-marlin enemigqa ihlala yodwa, kepha yakha amaqembu amancane ngenkathi yokuzala. Zizingela inyamazane emanzini angaphezulu ebusuku.
Manje uyazi ukuthi i-marlin ihlala kuphi. Ake sibone ukuthi le nhlanzi idlani.
Udla ini u-marlin?
Isithombe: Izinhlanzi zaseMarlin
IBlue marlin iyinhlanzi eyedwa eyaziwa ngokufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, ibheke enkabazwe ebusika nasehlobo. Zondla izinhlanzi ze-epipelagic kufaka phakathi ama-mackerel, ama-sardine nama-anchovies. Bangaphinde badle ama-squid nama-crustaceans amancane lapho benikezwa ithuba. Ama-marlins aluhlaza aphakathi kwezinhlanzi ezisheshayo olwandle futhi asebenzisa uqhwaku lwawo ukunqamula ezikoleni eziminyene abuye azodla izisulu zawo ezimangele futhi ezilimele.
IBlack marlin iyisidlakela sezilwane ezidla kakhulu ezondla kakhulu nge-tuna encane, kepha futhi nakwezinye izinhlanzi, i-squid, i-cuttlefish, i-octopus kanye nama-crustaceans amakhulu. Okuchazwa ngokuthi "inhlanzi encane" kungumqondo ohlobene, ikakhulukazi uma ucabanga ukuthi umugqa omkhulu onesisindo esingaphezu kwama-500 kg watholakala ne-tuna enesisindo esingaphezu kwama-50 kg esiswini sayo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ucwaningo olusogwini olusempumalanga ye-Australia lukhombisa ukuthi ukudotshwa kwama-marlin amnyama kuyanda phakathi nenyanga egcwele kanye namasonto ngemuva kokuthi izinhlobo zezilwane ezidliwayo zisuka zijule ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu, kuphoqa ukuthi imarlin ifune indawo ebanzi.
I-marlin emhlophe idla izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlanzi eziseduze nobuso ngesikhathi sasemini, kufaka phakathi i-mackerel, herring, amahlengethwa nezinhlanzi ezindizayo, kanye ne-squid nenkalankala.
I-marlin enemigqa iyisilwane esinamandla kakhulu, esidla izinhlanzi ezincane nezilwane zasemanzini ezinjenge-mackerel, squid, sardines, anchovies, lanceolate fish, sardines ne-tuna. Zizingela ezindaweni ezisuka olwandle ziye ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-100. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zemarlin, i-marlin enemigqa igawula inyamazane yayo ngomlomo wayo, kunokuba iyibhoboze.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Blue Marlin
UMarlin uyinhlanzi enobudlova, edla kakhulu ephendula kahle ekuchaphazelweni nasekulandeleni kwesithiyelo esenziwe kahle.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayoUkudoba i-marlin kungenye yezinselelo ezijabulisa kakhulu kunoma iyiphi i-angler. UMarlin uyashesha, ungumdlali wezemidlalo futhi angaba mkhulu kakhulu. I-marlin enemigqa iyinhlanzi yesibili esheshayo emhlabeni, ibhukuda ngesivinini esifinyelela ku-80 km / h. Ijubane lamamaki amnyama naluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lishiya nezinye izinhlanzi eziningi zilandela.
Uma sezixhonyiwe, ama-marlins akhombisa amakhono we-acrobatic afanele i-ballerina - noma mhlawumbe kungaba okulungile kakhulu ukuwaqhathanisa nenkunzi. Badansa bagxume emoyeni ekugcineni komugqa wakho, banikeze umlobi ukulwa kwempilo yakhe. Akumangazi ukuthi ukudoba ngemarlin kunesimo esidumile phakathi kwabadobi emhlabeni jikelele.
Umugqa onemigqa ungenye yezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezibusa kakhulu ezinokuziphatha okuthile okuthakazelisayo.:
- lezi zinhlanzi zihlala zodwa ngokwemvelo futhi ngokuvamile zihlala zodwa;
- bakha amaqembu amancane ngenkathi yokuzala;
- lolu hlobo luzingela emini;
- basebenzisa umlomo wabo omude ukuzingela nokuvikela;
- lezi zinhlanzi zivame ukutholakala zibhukuda zizungeze amabhola okuloba (ukubhukuda kwezinhlanzi ezincane ngendlela eyindilinga eyindilinga), kubenze badonsele phambili. Bese bebhukuda ngebhithi yokuloba ngejubane elikhulu, babambe inyamazane ebuthaka.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Atlantic Marlin
IBlue marlin ifuduka njalo ngakho-ke kuncane okwaziwayo ngezikhathi zayo zokuzala nokuziphatha. Kodwa-ke, ziningi kakhulu, zikhiqiza amaqanda afinyelela ku-500,000 lapho izala. Bangaphila iminyaka efinyelela kwengama-20. Ama-marlins aluhlaza azalela enkabeni yePacific nasenkabeni yeMexico. Zikhetha amazinga okushisa kwamanzi aphakathi kuka-20 no-25 degrees Celsius futhi zichitha isikhathi esiningi eduze kwamanzi.
Izindawo ezaziwa kakhulu zokuzalela ama-black marlin, ngokususelwa ebukhoneni bezibungu nama-juveniles, zikhawulelwe ezindaweni ezifudumele ezishisayo lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingama-27-28 ° C. Ukuzalela kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile ezifundeni ezithile entshonalanga nasenyakatho yePacific Ocean, oLwandlekazi i-Indian eshalofini elisenyakatho-ntshonalanga kude ne-Exmouth futhi imvamisa oLwandle lwaseCoral ngasenkabeni yeGreat Barrier Reef ngaseCairns ngo-Okthoba nangoNovemba. Lapha, ukuziphatha okusolwayo kokuzala ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwabonwa lapho abesifazane “abakhulu” belandelwa abesilisa abambalwa abancane. Inani lamaqanda omugqa omnyama wesifazane ungadlula izigidi ezingama-40 ngenhlanzi ngayinye.
I-marlin enemigqa ifinyelela ebusheni lapho ineminyaka engu-2-3. Abesilisa bavuthwa ngaphambi kwabesifazane. Ukuzalela kwenzeka ehlobo. Ama-marlins anemigqa yizilwane ezinokuhlangana okuningi abesifazane babo abakhipha amaqanda njalo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, ngemicimbi yokuzala engu-4-41 eyenzeka ngesikhathi sokuzala. Abesifazane bangakhiqiza amaqanda afika ezigidini eziyi-120 ngesikhathi ngasinye sokuzala. Inqubo yokuzala imarlin emhlophe ayikacwaningisiswa ngokuningiliziwe. Kuyaziwa kuphela ukuthi ukuzala kwenzeka ehlobo emanzini asolwandle ajulile anezinga lokushisa eliphakeme.
Izitha zemvelo zemarins
Isithombe: Big Marlin
AmaMarlins awanazo ezinye izitha zemvelo ngaphandle kwabantu abazivuna ngokuhweba. Enye yezindawo zokudoba ngomkhumbi ezihamba phambili emhlabeni zenzeka emanzini afudumele oLwandlekazi iPacific azungeze iHawaii. Mhlawumbe ama-marlin aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka abanjwe lapha kunanoma iyiphi enye indawo emhlabeni, kanti amanye ama-marlins amakhulu kunawo wonke ake abhalwa abanjwe kulesi siqhingi. Idolobha lasentshonalanga iKona lidume umhlaba wonke ngokudoba kwalo ngemikhumbi, hhayi nje kuphela ngenxa yokuvama kwezinhlanzi ezinkulu, kodwa nangenxa yekhono kanye nolwazi lwabaphathi balo abakhulu.
Kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaMashi kuya kuJulayi, imikhumbi yokuqasha esebenza eCozumel naseCancun ihlangana nenqwaba yolwandle oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomhlophe, kanye nezinye izinhlanzi ezimhlophe njengezikebhe ezingena emanzini afudumele eGulf Stream ziya endaweni. IBlue marlin ngokuvamile incane lapha kunasenkabeni yePacific. Kodwa-ke, uma inhlanzi incane, iba ngumsubathi ngokwengeziwe, ngakho-ke umdobi usazozithola esempini ethokozisayo.
U-marlin wokuqala omnyama owake wabanjwa kulayini futhi isondo labanjwa ngudokotela waseSydney owayedoba ePort Stephens, eNSW ngo-1913. Ugu olusempumalanga ye-Australia manje sekuyi-mecca yokudoba yasolwandle, enombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomnyama ovame ukubanjwa kumashadi okudoba kule ndawo.
IGreat Barrier Reef ukuphela kwendawo eqinisekisiwe yokuzalisela abamnyama abamnyama, okwenza empumalanga ye-Australia enye yezindawo ezithandwa kakhulu ngabadobi abamnyama emhlabeni.
I-marlin enemigqa ngokwesiko iyinhlanzi enkulu yomkhomo eNew Zealand, yize ama-anglers kwesinye isikhathi ebamba i-marlin eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lapho. Eqinisweni, ukubanjwa kwe-blue marlin oLwandlekazi iPacific kuye kwanda eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Manje zitholakala njalo emachwebeni eziqhingi. I-Waihau Bay neCape Runaway yizindawo zokudoba zasolwandle ezaziwa kakhulu ikakhulukazi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Indlela i-marlin ebukeka ngayo
Ngokuya ngo-2016 ukuhlolwa, i-Pacific blue marlin ayidobi ngokweqile. Ukuhlolwa kwesibalo sabantu sePacific blue marlin kwenziwa yiBillfish Working Group, uphiko lweKomidi Lezesayensi Lomhlaba wonke lwezinhlobo ze-tuna nezinhlobo ze-tuna eNyakatho Pacific.
I-marlin emhlophe eyigugu ingenye yezinhlanzi ezixhashazwa kakhulu olwandle oluvulekile. Kuyindaba yemizamo emikhulu yokwakhiwa kabusha komhlaba. Ucwaningo olusha manje selukhombisa ukuthi uhlobo olufanayo, izinhlanzi eziyindilinga zamanzi anosawoti, lubala inani eliphakeme kakhulu lezinhlanzi elaziwa njenge "white marlin." Ngakho-ke, ulwazi lwamanje lwezinto eziphilayo mayelana nolwandle olumhlophe kungenzeka lusitshekelwe yizinhlobo zesibili, futhi ukulinganiselwa okwedlule kwabantu base-marlin abamhlophe okwamanje akuqinisekile.
Abamnyama abamnyama abakahlolwa ukuthi basongelwa noma basengozini. Inyama yabo ithengiswa ifriziwe noma iqandisiwe e-United States bese ilungiswa njengama-sashimi eJapan. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izingxenye ze-Australia bavinjelwe ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwabo okuphezulu kwe-selenium ne-mercury.
I-marlin enemigqa ibhalwe kuRed Book futhi iyinhlobo evikelwe yemarlin. E-Australia, i-marlin enemigqa ibanjwa kulo lonke ugu olusempumalanga nasentshonalanga futhi iyinhlobo yezinhloso zabadobi. I-marlin enemigqa iyinhlobo ethanda amanzi asezindaweni ezishisayo, ezipholile futhi kwesinye isikhathi abandayo. I-marlin emthende ibuye idotshwe ngezikhathi ezithile ngenhloso yokuzithokozisa eQueensland, eNew South Wales naseVictoria. Lokhu kudotshwa kwezokungcebeleka kuphathwa ngohulumeni bezwe.
Umugqa onemigqa awufakiwe Ohlwini Olubomvu lwe-IUCN Lwezinhlobo Ezisengozini Yokushabalala. Kodwa-ke, iGreenpeace International yafaka lezi zinhlanzi ohlwini lwazo olubomvu lokudla kwasolwandle ngo-2010 njengoba ama-marlins ancipha ngenxa yokudoba ngokweqile. Ukudoba ngenhloso yokuhweba ngalezi zinhlanzi sekungavumelekile ezifundeni eziningi. Abantu abadobela le nhlanzi ngenjongo yokuzijabulisa bayelulekwa ukuthi bayiphonse emanzini futhi bangayidli noma bayithengise.
UMarlin unogada
Isithombe: UMarlene ovela eRed Book
Ukubanjwa kwemigqa enemigqa kuqhutshwa nge-quota. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukubanjwa kwale nhlanzi ngabadobi bezentengiselwano kulinganiselwe ngesisindo. Futhi kunqunyelwe uhlobo lwenqubo engasetshenziselwa ukubamba umugqa onemigqa. Abadobi bezentengiselwano kudingeka ukuthi bagcwalise amarekhodi abo okudoba ohambweni ngalunye lokudoba nalapho bebeka izinhlanzi abazibambile echwebeni. Lokhu kusiza ukulandela umkhondo wokuthi zingakanani izinhlanzi ezibanjiwe.
Ngoba umugqa onemigqa ubanjwa ngamanye amazwe amaningi entshonalanga nasenkabeni yePacific nolwandle i-Indian, iWestern and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission kanye ne-Indian Ocean Tuna Commission yizona zinhlaka zomhlaba ezibhekele ukuphatha i-tuna eshisayo nezinye izinhlanzi ezibanjwa ePacific. kanye noLwandlekazi lwaseNdiya kanye nomhlaba. I-Australia iyilungu lamakhomishini womabili, kanye nezinye izifundazwe ezinkulu zokudoba kanye namazwe amancane eziqhingi.
Amakhomishini ahlangana minyaka yonke ukubuyekeza imininingwane yakamuva yesayensi etholakalayo futhi abeke imikhawulo yokubamba umhlaba wonke ezinhlanzini ezinkulu ze-tuna nezinhlobo ezinjenge-marlin emthende.Bachaza nokuthi iLungu ngalinye kufanele lenzeni ukuphatha ukudotshwa kwalo kwezinhlanzi ezishisayo ze-tuna nezinhlobo ezinjenge-flounder, njengokuhambisa izingqapheli, ukushintshana ngolwazi lokudoba nokulandelela imikhumbi yokudoba ngesathelayithi.
IKhomishini ibuye ibeke izidingo kubabheki besayensi, idatha yezokudoba, ukulandelwa kwemikhumbi yokudoba ngamasathelayithi nezimpahla zokudoba ukunciphisa imithelela ezilwaneni zasendle.
UMarlin - uhlobo olumangalisayo lwezinhlanzi. Ngeshwa, kungekudala bangaba yizinhlobo ezisongelayo uma abantu beqhubeka nokuzibamba ngenhloso yezimboni. Ngalesi sizathu, izinhlangano ezahlukahlukene emhlabeni wonke zithatha imizamo yokunqanda ukusetshenziswa kwale nhlanzi. I-Marlin itholakala kiwo woke amalwandle womhlaba afuthumeleko nofuthumeleko. IMarlin iyinhlobo ye-pelagic efudukayo eyaziwa ngokuhamba amakhulu amakhilomitha emisinga yolwandle ifuna ukudla. I-marlin enezintambo ibonakala ibekezelela amazinga okushisa abandayo kangcono kunezinye izinhlobo.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/15/2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 28.08.2019 ngo-0: 00
