IPipa - elinye lamaxoxo amangalisa kakhulu atholakala ikakhulukazi eNingizimu Melika, emgodini wase-Amazon. Esinye sezici eziyingqayizivele zaleli cwecwe ukuthi lingazala inzalo emhlane walo izinyanga ezintathu. Kungenxa yalesi sici lapho izazi zezilwane zibiza i-pipu ngokuthi "umama ongcono kakhulu."
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Pipa
Inhloko yepipa inesimo esingunxantathu futhi ifana ncamashi nomzimba wonke walelixoxo elishisayo. Amehlo aphezu kwesifonyo, akanazinkophe futhi mancane ngosayizi. Esinye sezici ezithakazelisa kakhulu zomgudu wamathumbu ukungabikho kwamazinyo nolimi kulezi zilwane. Esikhundleni salokho, izitho zokugaya ukudla ziguqulwa izikhumba ezisemakhoneni omlomo. Zifana ngandlela thile nokubukeka kwetende.
Ividiyo: Pipa
Okunye umehluko ophawulekayo kuwo wonke amanye amaxoxo ukuthi imilenze yangaphambili yale amphibiya ayinazo ulwelwesi ekugcineni kwayo futhi iphelela ezinzwaneni ezinde. Futhi yini okumangalisa ngokwedlulele - azikho izipho kuwo, ezihlukanisa ipipu yeSurinamese ngokujwayelekile kuzo zonke izilwane eziphakeme. Kepha ezithweni zangemuva kukhona amafolda esikhumba, ahlukile ngamandla awo futhi atholakala phakathi kweminwe. Le mibimbi yenza ixoxo lizethembe kakhulu ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Ubude bomzimba wepipa waseSurinamese cishe abudluli ku-20 cm.Kuvame ukuthi lapho kutholakala imidondoshiya, ubude bayo bufinyelela ku-22-23 cm. Isikhumba salesi silwane sibi kakhulu futhi sishwabene ngesakhiwo, kwesinye isikhathi ungabona amabala amnyama ngemuva. Enye yezinto "impumelelo" ebaluleke kakhulu evumela i-pinam yaseSurinamese ukuthi ivumelane nezimo zemvelo ifiphele (ngokungafani nenqwaba yamaxoxo asezindaweni ezishisayo) umbala. Lamaxoxo anesikhumba esinsundu ngokunsundu nesisu esinombala okhanyayo.
Imvamisa kuba nomugqa omnyama oya emphinjeni futhi umboze intamo yesikhumba, ngaleyo ndlela wakhe umngcele kuso. Iphunga elibukhali, elingathandeki lesilwane esivele singathandeki ("iphunga" lifana ne-hydrogen sulfide) futhi lisebenza njengesithiyo kulabo abangaba yizilwane.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani ipipa
UPipa ungowesigaba sama-amphibians, umndeni wamapayipi. Izici ezihlukile zezinhlobo ziqala kakade kulesi sigaba - noma kuqhathaniswa nezihlobo zayo, ipipa inokuhluka okuningi, ngenxa yokuthi izazi eziningi zezilwane, lapho zihlangana okokuqala nalesi silo esixakile, zazingabaza ukuthi ngabe yiselesele yini. Ngakho-ke, umehluko wokuqala ophawulekayo kuzo zonke ezinye izilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini (ikakhulukazi amaxoxo) ngumzimba wayo okhethekile.
Ngemuva kokubona ixoxo eliyisicaba okokuqala ngqa, kuvela umcabango wokuthi lalinebhadi kakhulu, ngoba kubukeka sengathi lishayela i-rink skating kusuka phezulu, futhi kaningana. Umzimba wayo esimweni sayo ufana neqabunga eliwele esihlahleni esithile esishisayo, ngoba lincane futhi liyisicaba. Futhi ukungazi konke okucashile, ngisho nokuvuma ukuthi phambi kwakho akulona iqabunga eliwile, kodwa isidalwa esiphilayo esivela emfuleni wamanzi afudumele, kuyinkinga kakhulu.
Lawa ma-amphibian cishe awalokothi ashiye imvelo yasemanzini. Yebo, ngenkathi eyomile, bangangena emadanyini angakabi khona, futhi ngaphandle kwezimo zezulu ezishintshe kakhulu, akukho lutho oluyokwethusa la mazambane kusofa endaweni yawo. UPipa imvamisa uyisibonelo esicacile somphumela wokuvela komzimba wesilwane - ngenxa yempilo ende ngaphansi kwamanzi, amehlo ala ma-amphibian aba mancane futhi alahlekelwa izinkophe, ukuqaqeka kolimi kanye ne-tympanic septum kwenzeka.
I-pipa yaseSurinamese ehlala e-Amazon Basin ichazwa kahle kakhulu ngumlobi uGerald Durrell encwadini yakhe ethi Three Tickets to Adventure. Kunemigqa elandelayo: “Uvule izintende zezandla zakhe, kwavela isilwane esingajwayelekile futhi esibi kimi. Yebo, ngokubukeka kwayo kwakungathi iselesele elinsundu elalicindezelwe.
Imilenze yayo emifushane futhi ezacile ibimiswe kahle emakhoneni omzimba oyisikwele, obukeke ubukeka sengathi i-rigor mortis ibinqikaza ukukhumbula. Isimo sesifonyo sakhe sasicijile, amehlo akhe ayemancane, futhi ukuma kwepipa kwakufana nepancake.
Uhlala kuphi ipipa?
Isithombe: I-Pipa Frog
Indawo ethandwayo yale frog izinqolobane ezinamanzi afudumele nanodaka, angabonakali ngemisinga eqinile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusondela komuntu akumethusi - amapayipi aseSurinamese ahlala eduze nezindawo zokuhlala abantu, avame ukubonwa budebuduze namasimu (ikakhulukazi emiseleni yokunisela). Isilwane simane sithande phansi okunodaka - ngobukhulu, ungqimba lodaka yindawo yokuhlala yalo.
Izidalwa ezinjalo ezimangalisayo zihlala endaweni yaseBrazil, iPeru, iBolivia neSuriname. Lapho babhekwa "njengezilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini zonke izindawo ezihlanzekile zamanzi" - amapipi aseSurinamese aphila impilo yasemanzini kuphela. Lawa masele angabonakala kalula hhayi kuzo zonke izinhlobo zamachibi nemifula, kepha nasemiseleni yokunisela etholakala emasimini.
Ngisho nesikhathi eside sesomiso asikwazi ukubaphoqa ukuba bakhase phansi emhlabathini oqinile - amapayipi akhetha ukuhlala ngaphandle emanzini amachibi awomile. Kepha kanye nenkathi yemvula, umkhathi wangempela uqala kubo - amaxoxo ayikhipha ngokuphelele imiphefumulo yawo, ahamba nokugeleza kwamanzi emvula anqamula emahlathini agcwala iziphepho zemvula.
Okumangalisa ngokwengeziwe kuba luthando olunamandla kakhulu lwepayipi laseSurinamese lamanzi - kucatshangelwa iqiniso lokuthi lezi zilwane zinamaphaphu athuthukile kanye nesikhumba esinolaka, esine-keratinized (lezi zimpawu ziyisici sezilwane zasemhlabeni). Umzimba wabo ufana neqabunga elincane eliyisicaba elihlangothini olu-4 elinamakhona acijile ezinhlangothini. Indawo yokushintshela kwekhanda emzimbeni akuboniswa nganoma iyiphi indlela. Amehlo ahlala abheke phezulu.
Enye indawo yokuhlala ipayipi laseSurinamese ama-aquariums abantu. Ngaphandle kokubukeka okungakhangi kangako nephunga eliphumayo le-hydrogen sulfide, abantu abathanda izilwane ezingaphandle bayakujabulela ukuzala la maselesele angaqondakali ekhaya. Bavumelana ngazwi linye ukuthi kuyathakazelisa kakhulu futhi kunolwazi ukulandela inqubo yokuthwala izibungu ngowesifazane ngokuzalwa okulandelayo konoshobishobi.
Uma kwenzeka ukuthi, ngemuva kokufunda i-athikili, ufikelwe ukuzwelana nepipa yaseSurinamese bese unquma ngokuqinile ukuba nexoxo elinjalo ekhaya, bese ulungisa i-aquarium enkulu ngokushesha. I-amphibian eyodwa kufanele okungenani ibe namalitha ayi-100 amanzi. Kumuntu ngamunye olandelayo - ivolumu efanayo. Kepha yini okukhona - kuvela ukuthi ipipa yeSurinamese endle kuphela ijwayela noma iziphi izimo. Ekuthunjweni, ubhekana nokucindezeleka okukhulu, futhi ukuze lesi silwane sizale, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ngezimo eziningana.
Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- ukuqinisekisa ukuphefumula okuqhubekayo kwe-aquarium;
- izimo zokushisa njalo. Ukushintshashintsha kwamanani kuvunyelwe ebangeni kusuka ku-28C kuye ku-24C;
- ukudla okuhlukahlukene. Kuyadingeka ukuthi ondle lawa masele hhayi kuphela ngokudla okomisiwe kwezilwane zasolwandle, kodwa futhi nezibungu zomhlaba, izibungu zezinambuzane zasemanzini kanye nezicucu zezinhlanzi ezintsha.
Ukuze i-pipa yaseSurinamese ehlala e-aquarium izizwe ikhululeke ngangokunokwenzeka, isihlabathi esinamatshe amnandi kanye ne-algae bukhoma kufanele sithelwe phansi.
Idla ngani ipipa?
Isithombe: Pipa emanzini
Ngeminwe yayo enamandla futhi emide etholakala ezinqeni zayo zangaphambili, leli cwecwe lixegisa inhlabathi bese lifuna ukudla, bese liyithumela emlonyeni wayo. Uyazisiza enqubweni enhle kangaka ngokukhula kwezidladla zakhe. Ukubheka iqiniso lokuthi zifana nezinkanyezi, lelixoxo livame ukubizwa "ngezinzipho zezinkanyezi". Ukudla kwexoxo laseSurinamese kuqukethe izinsalela ezahlukahlukene zemvelo ezisezansi kakhulu kwedamu, emhlabathini.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ipipa iyadla:
- inhlanzi encane kanye nefry;
- izibungu;
- izinambuzane zezinyoni zasemanzini.
Amaxoxo kaPipa cishe awazingeli ngaphezulu. Ngokungafani namaxoxo ajwayelekile, esijwayele ukuwabona, awahlali edamini futhi awabambi izinambuzane ezindizayo ngolimi lwabo olude. Yebo, banesikhumba esinolaka, amandla amakhulu amaphaphu, kepha iPipa yaseSurinamese iphakela ngokujulile kuphela odakeni, noma imane isemanzini.
Mayelana nenkathi yemvula, abanye abacwaningi baqaphele ukuthi, ngesikhathi semvula, izilwane zasolwandle zaseMelika zivela ogwini futhi zinqobe amakhulu amakhilomitha amaningi ukuze zithole iziziba ezifudumele nezigcwele udaka eziseduze kwamahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo. Kakade sebeyafudumala futhi bathamele ilanga.
Manje uyazi ukuthi ungondla kanjani ixoxo lepipu. Ake sibone ukuthi uhlala kanjani endle.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Pipa weSurinamese
Njengamanye amaxoxo amaningi asezindaweni ezishisayo, lapho imizimba yamanzi iba buthaka noma yomile, ipipa yaseSurinamese ihlala isikhathi eside emadamini angcolile, angajulile noma emifuleni, ilinde ngesineke izikhathi ezingcono. Yethukile, i- amphibian icwila phansi ngokushesha, igxumele phakathi odakeni.
Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ungagxili kokukhethekile kokuziphatha kwamathisipopo achanyuselwe. Isibonelo, onoshobishobi abanamandla balwela ukufinyelela ebusweni bamanzi ngokushesha okukhulu futhi bathathe igwebu lomoya osekela impilo. "Izizukulwane" ezibuthakathaka, kunalokho, ziwela phansi bese zintanta phezulu kuphela ngemuva kwemizamo emi-2-3.
Ngemuva kokuvuleka kwamaphaphu abo, onoshobishobi bayakwazi ukubhukuda baye phezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulesi sigaba, bakhombisa ukuhlangana - kulula ngale ndlela ukubalekela izilwane ezidla ezinye bese uthola ukudla. Ixoxo, ebelikade lithwele amaqanda emhlane, ligcoba ematsheni ngemuva kokuvela kooshobishobi, lifuna ukususa izinsalela zamaqanda. Ngemuva kwe-molt, owesifazane ovuthiwe uphinde alungele ukukhwelwa.
Ondadane badla kusuka osukwini lwesibili lokuphila kwabo. Ukudla kwabo okuyisisekelo (njengokuzwakala kungazwakala) ngama-ciliates nama-bacteria, ngoba ngohlobo lokudla kwabo bangabahlinzeki bokuhlunga (njengezimbaza). Okondliwe ngabathunjwa, i-nettle powder ilungile. Ukukhiqizwa nokukhuliswa kwepayipi laseSurinamese kwenzeka ku-T (ezimweni zemvelo) kusuka ku-20 kuye ku-30 ° C nobulukhuni obungadluli amayunithi ama-5.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Ixoxo laseSurinamese pipa
Owesilisa owenza ucansi wenza imisindo ethile yokuchofoza, ekhomba ngokungangabazeki kowesifazane ukuthi ukulungele ukumenza isikhathi esimnandi nesijabulisayo. Abesilisa nabesifazane benza imidanso yokukhwelana ngaphansi kwamanzi (phakathi nale nqubo, omunye nomunye "uyahlolwa"). Insikazi izalela amaqanda amaningana - ngokuhambisana nalokhu, "okhethiweyo wayo" uwanisela ngamanzi akhe oketshezi.
Ngemuva kwalokho, insikazi iyacwila phansi, lapho amaqanda avundisiwe awela khona ngqo emhlane wakhe bese enamathela kuyo ngokushesha. Eyeduna nayo ibamba iqhaza kule nqubo, icindezela amaqanda kumlingani wayo ngemilenze yakhe yangemuva. Ngokubambisana, bayakwazi ukusabalalisa ngokulinganayo kumaseli atholakala kuwo wonke umgogodla wesifazane. Isibalo samaqanda ku-clutch eyodwa enjalo sihluka kusuka ku-40 kuye ku-144.
Isikhathi ixoxo elizothela ngalo inzalo yaso cishe izinsuku ezingama-80. Isisindo "semithwalo" enamaqanda ngemuva kowesifazane cishe ngama-gramu angama-385 - ukuthwala ubusuku nemini i-pipa clutch kungumsebenzi onzima kakhulu. Inzuzo yale fomethi yokunakekela inzalo futhi iseqinisweni lokuthi lapho kuqedwa inqubo yokwakhiwa kwe-clutch, imbozwe ulwelwesi olujiyile oluvikela, olunikeza ukuvikelwa okuthembekile. Ukujula kwamaseli lapho kubekwa khona i-caviar kufinyelela ku-2 mm.
Ukuhlala, empeleni emzimbeni kamama, imibungu ithola emzimbeni wakhe zonke izakhamzimba ezizidingayo ukuze zikhule ngempumelelo. Izingxenye ezihlukanisa amaqanda komunye nomunye zigcwala kakhulu ngemikhumbi - ngazo umoya-mpilo kanye nezakhamzimba ezincibilikisiwe ekusikeni kungena enzalweni. Ngemuva kwamasonto angaba ngu-11-12, kuzalwa amapipi amancane. Ukufinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi - kuphela ngeminyaka eyi-6. Isikhathi sokuzalisa siqondana nesikhathi semvula. Lokhu akumangazi, ngoba ipipa, njengamanye amaxoxo, iyawathanda amanzi.
Izitha zemvelo ipayipi
Isithombe: I-Surinamese pipa toad
I-pipa yaseSurinamese iyindlela yokwelapha yangempela yezinyoni ezishisayo, izidalwa ezisemhlabeni kanye nezilwane ezinkulu eziphila ezweni. Ngokuphathelene nezinyoni, abamele imindeni yama-corvids, idada nama-pheasants bavame ukuzitika ngala maselesele. Kwesinye isikhathi zidliwa onogolantethe, ibises, izindwandwe. Imvamisa, lezi zinyoni ezibabazekayo nezihloniphekile zikwazi ukubamba isilwane endizeni.
Kepha ingozi enkulu kakhulu ngepayipi laseSurinamese izinyoka, ikakhulukazi ezasemanzini (njengawo wonke amanye amasele ahlala kunoma yiliphi izwekazi). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho nokufihla okuhle kakhulu akubasizi lapha - ekuzingeleni, izilwane ezinwabuzelayo ziqondiswa kakhulu yimizwa ethintekayo nokuzimisela kokushisa okukhishwa yizinto eziphilayo. Izimfudu ezinkulu zemashi nazo ziyathanda ukuzitika ngexoxo elinjalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma abantu abadala okungenani benamathuba athile okusindisa izimpilo zabo ngokubaleka ngokushesha noma ukufihla kulabo ababalandelayo, onogada abanakho ukuzivikela nakancane. Izinombolo ezingenakubalwa zazo ziyafa, ziphenduka ukudla kwezinambuzane zasemanzini, izinyoka, izinhlanzi ngisho nojekamanzi. Ngokuvamile, wonke umuntu ohlala echibini elishisayo "uzokubheka njengelungelo" ukuzitika ngonochwane.
Imfihlo kuphela yokusinda ubuningi - kuphela iqiniso lokuthi uma insikazi ye-pinam yaseSurinamese izalela amaqanda angaba ngu-2000, isindisa izinhlobo zezilwane ekuqothulweni futhi ivumele inani labantu ligcinwe lizinzile.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani ipipa
IPipa isatshalaliswa ikakhulu emgodini waseNingizimu Melika. La maxoxo angabonakala cishe kuwo wonke amazwe aleli zwekazi. Ezinye izazi zezilwane ziye zaphawula ukuba khona kwala maxoxo eTrinidad naseTobago. Umkhawulo oqondile wobubanzi ufinyelela kumamitha angu-400 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle (okungukuthi, ngisho nasendaweni ephakeme kangaka, kutholakala amaphayiphu aseSurinamese).
Ngaphandle kokuthi i-pipa yaseSurinamese ibalwa ngokusemthethweni phakathi kwama-amphibians, lelixoxo libhekwa njengezinhlobo zezilwane zasemanzini - ngamanye amagama, zihlala emanzini, okunciphisa kakhulu ukusatshalaliswa kwezinhlobo zezilwane. IPipa Surinamese ithanda amadamu anamanzi amile noma anomsinga onensayo - le ndawo imboza amanzi amaningi asemifuleni, kanye namachibi nezindawo zokugcina amahlathi ezincane. Amaxoxo acasha ngobuciko emaqabungeni awile amboza ngobuningi phansi kwedamu. Ngenxa yokuthi bahamba kabi kakhulu emhlabathini futhi (ngokungafani namanye amaxoxo amaningi) abakwazi ukweqa amabanga amade, abantu abangaphandle kwedamu baba yizisulu ezilula.
Ngokuphathelene nesimo sezinhlobo zemvelo, namuhla ubuningi be-pipa yaseSurinamese namandla ayo kubhekwa njengokuzinza. Naphezu kwenani elikhulu lezitha zemvelo kanye nomthelela wezici ze-anthropogenic, izinhlobo zivame ukutholakala ebangeni lazo. Akukho songo enanini lalezi zinhlobo, yize kwezinye izindawo kuncipha inani labantu ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu yezolimo kanye nokuqothulwa kwamahlathi okuphawulekayo kwezindawo. Ipipa yaseSurinamese ayifakiwe kuhlu lwezinhlobo ezisongelwayo, itholakala ezindaweni ezigcinwayo.
IPipa I-Surinamese ihluke kubo bonke abanye abamele ama-amphibian ngezindlela eziningi - kuphela yena kuphela akanalo ulimi olude olwenzelwe ukubamba izinambuzane, azikho ulwelwesi nozipho kumadladla alo. Kepha uzifihla ngokuphelele futhi ungcono kunabo bonke izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini ukunakekela inzalo, ethwele amaqanda emhlane wakhe.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/10/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/29/2019 ngo-12: 51
