IBurbot nguyena kuphela omele ukuhleleka kwe-codfish (Gadiformes), ehlala imizimba yamanzi emisha kuphela. Abadobi bakubiza ngokufanelekile ukuthi i-burbot ngokuthi "umfowabo omncane" we-catfish - yize bevela kuma-oda ahlukile, lezi zinhlanzi ziyafana ngendlela yabo yokuphila nokuziphatha. Inyoka eyi-burbot ibhekwa njenge- "aerobatics" phakathi kwalabo abathanda ukudoba phansi - okuncane kukhombisa izimangaliso zokusebenzisa izinto ngobuhlakani, ukudla isicupho nokushiya abadobi bengenakubanjwa.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Burbot
Ngokwesigaba sanamuhla, lo burbot ungowomndeni omncane uLotinae (empeleni, uyakha le taxon. Izazi ze-Russian ichthyologists zibeka i-burbot njengomndeni ohlukile we-burbot.) Ngokuqondene nezinhlobo zezinhlobo zemvelo, imibono yososayensi lapha iphambukile, ngoba abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lolu hlobo lungumuntu oyedwa, abanye - ngokuphambene nalokho.
Nika ama-subspecies ama-2 - 3:
- burbot ovamile ohlala emizimbeni yamanzi e-Eurasia;
- umsila omuhle - ohlala emadamini ase-Alaska naseMpumalanga Ekude;
- ILota lota maculosa iyi-subspecies etholakala ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeNyakatho Melika.
Zonke izinhlobo ezingezansi ze-burbot zisebenza kuphela ebusuku - ukuzingela, ukufuduka, ukuzala kanye nokunye ukubonakaliswa komsebenzi kwenzeka cishe ngo-22: 00 kuye ku-6: 00. Ngakho-ke, ukudoba ama-burbot kwenzeka kuphela ebusuku.
Ividiyo: IBurbot
Njengesilwane esidla ubusuku bonke, i-burbot ayihlali icathama, ilinde inyamazane yayo, kepha iyazingela futhi iyinyonyobele, inqume indawo yokudla okungaba khona ngokuzwa, ukuhogela nokuthinta. Kepha i-burbot ayinciki ngempela ku-analyzer yayo ebonakalayo - lokhu kuyaqondakala impela. Zicabangele - yini oyibonayo ebusuku, ngaphansi komfula? Ngakho-ke, sigubha amehlo ethu futhi asithembi ngempela.
Manje kunokuthambekela kokwehla okujwayelekile ngosayizi omaphakathi wabantu kanye nokwehla kwesibalo sale nhlanzi ngenxa yokwehla okuhlelekile kwezimo zokuphila (phakathi kwazo, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi nokudoba ngokweqile, kufaka phakathi ukuzingela ngokungemthetho, kubaluleke kakhulu).
Ukubukeka nezici ze-burbot
Isithombe: Kubukeka kanjani i-burbot
Ubude bezinhlanzi abuvamile ukudlula i-1 m, isisindo somzimba - kufika kuma-24 kg. Ngaphandle, i-burbot icishe ifane nenye inhlanzi engezansi - i-catfish. Isimo somzimba silinganisiwe, siyindilinga, sincishisiwe ngemuva, futhi sicindezelwe ngasemaceleni. Izikali ze-burbot zincane kakhulu, kepha zimboza umzimba ngokuqinile futhi yonke indawo - zimboza ikhanda, izembozo zamagill ngisho nezisekelo zamaphiko.
Isimo sekhanda sibanzi, sicabalele kancane. Umhlathi ongaphezulu mude kancane kunowaphansi. Emhlathini nasokuvula kunamazinyo amaningi amancane anezinwele. Kukhona i-eriyali engabhangwanga esilevini, eduze kwamakhala - ama-2 amafushane.
Amaphiko wepectoral mancane futhi amafushane. Imisebe yokuqala yamaphiko okhalo iyizinqubo ezinde zezintambo. Emuva kukhona amaphiko amabili, kanti owesibili umphetho ucishe ufinyelele ku-caudal, kepha akahlangani nawo. Umugqa we-lateral ufinyelela ekugcineni kwe-anal fin.
Kunezinketho eziningi zombala ze-burbot. Imvamisa, emuva kwale nhlanzi kuluhlaza okotshani noma okuluhlaza okomnqumo, okunezindawo eziningi futhi ezingasatshalalwanga ezingalingani ezimnyama nsundu, amabala nemivimbo.
Umphimbo nesisu kuvame ukuba mhlophe. Amajita ahlala amnyama (acishe abe mnyama) ngombala. Abesilisa bamnyama kancane kunabesifazane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, owesilisa unekhanda elijiyile, kanti owesifazane unomzimba. Abesifazane bahlala bakhulu ngosayizi.
Uhlala kuphi uBurbot?
Isithombe: IBurbot eRussia
IBurbot ithanda imizimba yamanzi abandayo futhi ahlanzekile enendawo enamadwala. Imvamisa, le nhlanzi ihlala emigodini ejulile eneziphethu, ezihlahleni zemihlanga nasemhlangeni oseduze nogu, kanye nangaphansi kwezingqinamba nezimpande zezihlahla ezihamba ngaphansi kwamanzi. Yilezi zintandokazi ezichaza iqiniso lokuthi i-burbot ivame ukunyamalala emifuleni lapho izihlahla ezikhula eceleni kwamabhange zigawulwa ngokuhlelekile.
Maphakathi neRussia, ekupheleni kwesikhukhula (cishe ngoMeyi-ekuqaleni kukaJuni), isikhathi sokuhlala phansi siqala nge-burbot. Inhlanzi iyama emithambekeni emikhulu noma ishaywa ngesando ijule ematsheni, emigodini yasogwini. Emachibini, i-burbot ngalesi sikhathi ime ekujuleni okuphezulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukhetha impilo noma indawo eseduze nemithombo yamanzi, noma ngaphansi kogu olintantayo. UBurbot uhlala ngentshiseko ngaphansi kwezihlenga, ezakhelene ne-ruff. Ngaphambi kokuqala kokushisa, usaqhubeka nokukhuluphalisa ebusuku (ikakhulukazi uma kunabantu abanesifo esiseduze), kepha ngoJulayi izinhlanzi zifakwa ngokujulile emigodini nangaphansi kwamatshe, izinkuni. Uma zingekho izindawo zokukhosela zemvelo, ziyazingcwaba odakeni.
Ngokucabangela zonke izici ezibalwe ngenhla, inani lama-burbots libhekwa njengelincane - ngaphezu kwalokho, endaweni evelele ebangeni labo. Kunobudlelwano obucacile - kuhlale kunama-burbots amaningi lapho izindawo zokuzalela zisemhlabathini onamadwala nalapho imvelo inikeza isiphephelo esihle kakhulu sefry.
Manje uyazi lapho i-burbot itholakala khona. Ake sibone ukuthi le nhlanzi idlani.
Yini edliwa yi-burbot?
Isithombe: Burbot yezinhlanzi
Ubumnandi obuthandwa kakhulu yi-burbot yiminnows emincane kanye nefry yezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezinkudlwana ezihlala eduze kwaphansi. Ngokuzingela, le nhlanzi izonambitha i-crayfish ende, kodwa-ke, inani lalezi zilwane lincipha ngokushesha ngenxa yokonakala kwesimo semvelo semizimba yamanzi.
Futhi, iburbot ayikuphikisi ukudla ixoxo, unoshobishobi, isibungu sejekamanzi nezinye izinambuzane ezihlala emadamini amanzi angenasawoti. I-Roach, i-carpian crucian, i-perch nezinye izinhlanzi zasemanzini angenasawoti, ezihola impilo yansuku zonke nokubhukuda, ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni ezingenhla neziphakathi echibini, akuvamile ukuba yizisulu ze-burbot.
Isici esithandekayo ukuthi indlela edliwa yi-burbot ibhekana nezinguquko ezinkulu unyaka wonke. Isibonelo, entwasahlobo nasehlobo, isilwane esidla phansi (nganoma yisiphi isikhathi) sikhetha i-crayfish nezibungu ezihlala phansi. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo izinhlanzi zibulawa yindlala, zincamela "ukulala" ngokujula. Ngokuqala kokuthomba, i-burbot iba ngumzingeli oyingozi kakhulu - inhlanzi ingangena "kumenyu" yayo efinyelela ku-1/3 yobude bomzimba wayo.
Isifiso sesilwane sanda ngokulingana ngqo nokwehla kwezinga lokushisa kwamanzi kanye nokwehla kobude bamahora emini. Ebusika, ukudla kwe-burbot kuqukethe ama-minnows, ama-ruffs nama-loach, aphelelwa ukuqapha. Kodwa i-crucian ebucayi ayikaze iwele emlonyeni wesilwane esidla ebusuku. I-Autumn zhor ihlala kuze kufike ukuqala kobusika (ngesikhathi - cishe izinyanga ezintathu), ngezikhawu ezincane. Ngokuqala kobusika, isifiso sesilwane esidla inyama siyancipha.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Burbot ebusika
Ukushisa kwehlobo kuyayicindezela le nhlanzi - i-burbot ayisasebenzi. Kepha lapho izinga lokushisa kwamanzi liphola lize lifike ku-12 ° C, i-burbot iqala ukusebenza, iya kozingela futhi ichithe ubusuku bonke ifuna inyamazane. Kepha lapho nje amanzi efudumala ngaphezu kwe-15 ° C, inhlanzi icasha ngokushesha emigodini, emigodini engezansi, nangaphansi kwamatshe, izinkuni ezikhukhulayo nezindawo zokukhosela emabhange amakhulu, kanye nakwezinye izindawo ezifihlekile ezikufihla ekushiseni. Futhi ubashiya kuphela ukufuna ukudla okudingekayo ukugcina impilo.
I-Burbot iya ekuzingeleni ekushiseni kuphela lapho isimo sezulu sinamafu, futhi ebusuku kuphela. NgoJulayi-Agasti, lapho kushiswa kakhulu, i-burbot ilala ubusuku futhi iyeke ukudla. Inhlanzi iba buthakathaka futhi ingakwazi ukuzivikela kangangokuba ngalesi sikhathi ungayibamba kalula ngezandla zakho! Indlela elula yokwenza lokhu okwamanje lapho i-burbot ifakwa emgodini (okungukuthi, ngokungafani nombono ongamanga, akalokothi ambumbe). Yebo, nangaphansi kwezihibe, amatshe nakwezinye "izindawo zokukhosela" ezifihla i-burbot nakho kulula ukubamba.
Ngempela, okwamanje lapho beqala ukuyithatha, inhlanzi ayizami nokuzama ukujika ibaleke, ibhukuda ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngokuphambene nalokho, wenza isinqumo esingalungile ngokuyisisekelo, efuna ukusindiswa esiphephelweni sakhe, kepha ngokujulile. Ubunzima kuphela ukugcina i-burbot, ngoba iyashelela kakhulu. Ubusika, ekwindla nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo yizikhathi ezisebenza kakhulu ze-burbot. Ngokuqala kokubanda okubandayo, le nhlanzi iqala ukuhola indlela yokuphila yokuzulazula. Kunobudlelwano obucacile - lapho amanzi eba abandayo, kukhuphuka umsebenzi nokuqina kwe-burbot kuba (kudla izinhlanzi ezincane ezingenakubalwa).
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Burbot emanzini
Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi ku-burbot kuqala lapho uneminyaka engama-3-4, lapho isisindo somzimba sifinyelela ku-400-500 g. Kepha ngaphansi kwezimo zokuphila ezinhle, kuyenzeka ukuthi abesilisa bavuthwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
NgoNovemba-Disemba (kuya ngezimo zezulu zesifunda), ngemuva kokuthi amachibi embozwe uqweqwe lweqhwa, ama-burbots aqala ukufuduka kwawo - ukunyakaza okukhulu kwama-burbots ezindaweni zokuzalela (ngaphezu kwalokho, ohlangothini olungenhla lomfula). Lezi zinhlanzi ziya kozala ezikoleni ezincane, okubandakanya eyodwa enkulu yabesifazane kanye nabesilisa abayi-4-5. Kusukela emachibini ezikhukhula, ama-burbots angena emibhedeni yemifula. Emachibini amakhulu futhi ajulile anamanzi abandayo, i-burbot ayishiyi, isuka ekujuleni isondele ezindaweni, lapho kunendawo engezansi futhi enamadwala.
Isikhathi sokuzalela sisukela eminyakeni eyishumi edlule kaDisemba kuya ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari. Le nqubo icishe yenzeke ngaphansi kweqhwa, lapho izinga lokushisa kwamanzi lizungeze u-1-3 ° C. UBurbot uthanda ukubanda, ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi samakhaza amaningi, ukuzala kusebenza kakhulu kunangesikhathi sokubamba - esimweni sokugcina, inqubo yokuzala iyandiswa. Amaqanda anedonsi elinamafutha (ubukhulu bawo bungu-0.8-1 mm) ayagezwa emanzini angajulile ngenzansi nangamadwala nangomsinga osheshayo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamafry kwenzeka kusendlalelo esingezansi sedamu. Esinye sezici zempilo ye-burbot ukuzala kwayo okukhulu - abesifazane abakhulu bazalela amaqanda angaphezu kwesigidi.
Isikhathi sokufukamela amaqanda siyahluka kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-28 kuye ezinyangeni ezi-2.5 - ubude bale nqubo bunquma izinga lokushisa kwamanzi echibini. Ubude befry obubone ukukhanya ngu-3-4 mm. Fry hatch out kungekudala ngaphambi kokuqala kweqhwa noma ngesikhathi sezikhukhula. Lesi sici sinomphumela omubi ngokweqile ezingeni lokusinda kwamafry, ngoba lapho umfula ugcwala, gazinga kuvame ukuhanjiswa endaweni enezikhukhula, lapho, ngemuva kokudonsa ezingeni lamanzi, zoma ngokushesha zife.
Izitha zemvelo ze-burbot
Isithombe: Burbot fish fish
Ukuzala okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-burbot akwenzi lolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi lube luningi. Ngaphezu kokufa kwamafry amaningi ngesikhathi samanzi amaningi, inqwaba yamaqanda ithathwa yimanje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinhlanzi azikwenqeni ukudla i-burbot caviar ("ababulali bezingane" abayinhloko, i-ruff, i-roach, futhi ngezinga elikhulu - i-gudgeon "ethandekayo" yi-burbot). Okuxakayo ukuthi amanye amaqanda ahlala ezindaweni eziphansi futhi adliwe yi-burbot uqobo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ekupheleni kobusika, akusekho ngaphezu kwama-10-20% amaqanda ayizinkulungwane.
Uma sithatha umuntu omdala, i-burbot evuthiwe ngokocansi, khona-ke unezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo. Bambalwa abalinga ukuhlasela inhlanzi ubude obuyi-1 m. Ukuphela kwento okuthi, ehlobo (ngesikhathi sokushisa, okuyisibhulu, okuyinhlanzi ejwayelekile yasenyakatho, engakubekezeleli nakancane), lapho noma i-burbot yabantu abadala ingakhombisi umsebenzi omningi, ingaba ukudla i-catfish enkulu kakhulu kunayo.
Ingozi enkulu ilele ekulindeleni ama-burbot amancane futhi angakazalwa. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi kuphela ama-burbots ambalwa asinda kuze kube seminyakeni yokuthomba. I-Burbot caviar, ngasendleleni, "iyisibiliboco" sezinhlanzi nasebusika. Kepha ama-ruffs, i-silver bream nama-perches athanda ukuzitika ngamafry, kanye nezinye izinhlanzi ezisebenza njengokudla kwama-burbots avuthiwe ngokocansi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Kubukeka kanjani i-burbot
Ububanzi be-burbot bukhulu ngokwanele - inhlanzi itholakala emizimbeni yamanzi angenasawoti ezifundeni ezisenyakatho zeYurophu, e-Asia naseNyakatho Melika. EYurophu, i-burbot ibanjwa eNew England (inhlanzi ayitholakali eScotland nase-Ireland), eFrance (ikakhulukazi esigodini saseRhone, cishe kaningi kakhulu eSeine naseLoire), e-Italy (ikakhulukazi emfuleni iPo), kanye nase ama-canton asentshonalanga eSwitzerland, echibini laseDanube (cishe yonke indawo) nasemizimbeni yamanzi eselwandle lwaseBaltic. Akutholakalanga (kusukela maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule) ogwini olusentshonalanga yamazwe aseScandinavia, kanye nasezinhlakalweni zase-Iberia, e-Apennine naseBalkan.
ERussia, i-burbot isakazeke yonke indawo - emizimbeni yamanzi egeleza ezindaweni ezi-Arctic nezipholile, kanye nasemabhodini emifula yaseSiberia - kusukela e-Ob kuya e-Anadyr, nangobude bawo bonke. Engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia, i-burbot ayitholakali eCrimea, eTranscaucasia (ngaphandle kwezindawo eziphansi zeKura neSefidrud), kwesinye isikhathi le nhlanzi ibanjwa eNyakatho Caucasus - emgodini womfula. Kuban. Umngcele osenyakatho webanga ugu lolwandle i-Arctic Ocean.
Eningizimu, i-burbot itholakala esitsheni se-Ob-Irtysh basin, futhi ithatha uhla olubanzi kakhulu - kusuka ezindaweni eziphezulu (iLake Teletskoye neZaysan) kuze kufike e-Ob Bay. Azikho izinhlanzi ezinjalo e-Asia Ephakathi, yize ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye le nhlanzi yayidotshwa ngenkuthalo echibini lase-Aral Sea. E-Yenisei naseBaikal, i-burbot ibanjwa cishe yonke indawo. Esigodini saseSelenga, le ndawo yehlela eningizimu, ifike eMongolia. IBurbot itholakala kulo lonke leli bheshi lomfula. I-Amur nemithamo yayo eyinhloko - Ussuri neSungari. Kutholakala ezindaweni ezingenhla zoMfula iYalu.
Ngokuphathelene nogu lwasePacific, i-burbot itholakala eSakhalin naseziQhingini zaseShantar, futhi ize ingene nasezindaweni ezinamanzi olwandle (lapho usawoti wamanzi ungeqi ku-12).
Unogada weBurbot
Isithombe: Burbot ovela kwiRed Book
I-Burbot ingeyesigaba sokuqala sokuqothulwa - izinhlobo zisengozini eMoscow, ngakho-ke zifakwe kusithasiselo 1 seRed Data Book yesiFunda saseMoscow. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-burbot ayikho kwi-International Red Book.
Ukuze kulondolozwe inani lama-burbot, izazi zemvelo zenza imisebenzi eminingi, okuyi:
- ukuqapha inani labantu (okuhlelekile, noma ngezikhathi zokuziphatha okuphansi);
- ukulawulwa kokuhlanzeka kwemvelo kwezindawo zokuhlala zasehlobo nezindawo zokuzalela ama-burbot;
- ukuhlonza izindawo ezintsha ezingabhekwa njengokufanelekile ukuzala i-burbot;
- ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuqaliswa kwezinyathelo ezihlose ukuvimbela ukuwohloka kwesimo semvelo semizimba yamanzi esifundeni saseMoscow nokwanda kokushisa kwamanzi, okuvusa izimbali zakuqala nezisebenzayo. Indawo lapho ukunakwa okuphezulu kunakwa khona kusuka eMoscow Ring Road kuya endaweni yezikhukhula iFilyovskaya;
- ukwethulwa kokuvinjelwa kokuqiniswa kwamabhange emifula kanye nezindawo zokugcina amanzi kuma-PA akhona njengamanje navelayo ngokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zikakhonkolo, ama-gabion nezindonga zezingodo. Uma kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokuqinisa ibhange, kuvunyelwe ukuhlela kwebhange mpo nokutshalwa kwezihlahla kuphela;
- ukubuyiselwa kwemvelo yendawo esogwini etholakala eduze kwezindawo zenani elikhulu kakhulu le-burbot, kanye nokwenza lula ukusetshenziswa kwazo ngezinjongo zokuzijabulisa;
- ukwakhiwa kwezindawo zokukhosela ehlobo kanye nezindawo ezikahle zokufaka ama-burbot. Ngale njongo, kubekwa “amakhushini” anesihlabathi ezindaweni ezinomoya ophakeme emizimbeni yamanzi;
- ukubuyiselwa kwabantu okufakelwayo nokwengezwa okwengeziwe kwe-crayfish enezinzwane ezinde emanzini - le arthropod, kanye ne-gudgeon, iyinto yokudla oyithandayo ye-burbot;
- Ukuqaliswa kokulawulwa okuqinile mayelana nokugcinwa kokuvinjelwa kokubanjwa kwe-burbot (ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzala) njengezinhlobo ezibalwe eRed Book of Moscow.
Sicela uqaphele futhi ukuthi lezi zinyathelo ezingenhla zifanele kuphela maqondana nesifunda saseMoscow.
IBurbot Isidalwa esiphansi esihola indlela yokuphila yasebusuku kuphela. Ukhetha amachibi ngamanzi abandayo, ukushisa kunomthelela ocindezelayo kuye. Izinhlobo zinendawo yokuhlala ebanzi, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ubuningi bayo abuphakeme ngenxa yezimpawu zayo zokuziphatha, kanye nokucaciswa kwezinqubo zokukhiqiza nokuzuza ukuthomba.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08.08.2019
Idethi yokubuyekeza: 09/28/2019 ngo-23: 09
