Idemoiselle crane Ingabe izinhlobo ezincane kakhulu zama-cranes. Le nyoni kukhulunywa kaningi ngayo ezincwadini nasezinkondlweni zaseNyakatho India nasePakistan. Ukubukeka kwayo okuhle kukhuthaza ukuqhathanisa okuningi phakathi kwabesifazane abahle nale crane. Inhloko yeDemoiselle Crane imbozwe ezimpapheni futhi ayinazo izingcezu ezibomvu zesikhumba ezingenalutho ezivamile kwamanye ama-cranes.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: I-Demoiselle crane
Ama-Demoiselle Cranes yizinyoni ezifudukayo ezizalanayo eYurophu Ephakathi nase-Asia, kanti ebusika ikakhulukazi eNyakatho Afrika, eNdiya nasePakistan. Ziyizinyoni zamadlelo awomile (afaka indawo ye-steppe kanye ne-savannah), kepha afinyelela emanzini.
Ama-cranes eDemoiselle abuthana emihlambini emikhulu ukuze afuduke. Zishiya izindawo ezizalela kuzo enyakatho ekuqaleni kwekwindla zibuye zize entwasahlobo. Izilwane zigcina imihlambi emikhulu ngenkathi ebusika, kepha ziyahlakazeka futhi zibonise indawo lapho zizalela ehlobo. Ukufuduka kwe-Demoiselle crane yinde futhi inzima kangangokuba abantu abaningi babulawa yindlala noma ukukhathala.
Ividiyo: Demoiselle Crane
Njengomthetho, ama-Demoiselle Cranes akhetha ukufuduka ezindaweni eziphansi, kepha abanye abantu bafinyelela ezindaweni eziphakeme kusuka ku-4 kuye ku-8 km, badabule ngokudlula kwezintaba ze-Himalaya baye ezindaweni zabo zobusika eNdiya. La ma-crane angatholakala ndawonye nama-cranes ase-Eurasia ezindaweni zawo zobusika, yize kulezi zingxenyana ezinkulu zisekela amaqembu ahlukene omphakathi.
Phakathi nenyanga kaMashi nango-Ephreli, i-Demoiselle crane indizela enyakatho iye ezindaweni zayo zokwakha izidleke. Umhlambi phakathi nalokhu kufuduka okubuya usuka ezinyonini ezine kuya kweziyishumi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nayo yonke inkathi yokuzalanisa, la ma-crane adla phakathi kwabantu abayisikhombisa.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani iDemoiselle Crane
Ubude be-Demoiselle crane bungaba ngu-90 cm, isisindo - 2-3 kg. Intamo nekhanda lale nyoni ikakhulu kumnyama, kanti izicucu ezinde zezimpaphe ezimhlophe zibonakala ngokusobala ngemuva kwamehlo. Izwi labo lizwakala njenge-clutch ehlekisayo, ephakeme futhi emnandi kakhulu kunezwi le-crane ejwayelekile. Ayikho i-dimorphism yezocansi (umehluko ocacile phakathi kowesilisa nowesifazane), kepha abesilisa bakhulu kancane kunabesifazane. Izinyoni ezincane zimpunga ngomlotha nekhanda elimhlophe. Izimpaphe zezimpaphe ezingemuva kwamehlo zinombala ompunga futhi zihlangene kancane.
Ngokungafani namanye ama-cranes, ama-demoiselle cranes awashintshelwa kakhulu kumaxhaphozi futhi akhetha ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinotshani obunotshani obuphansi: kuma-savanna, ama-steppes kanye nama-semi-desert ezingamamitha ayi-3000 m. ezinye izindawo eziseduze kwamanzi: imifudlana, imifula, amachibi amancane noma izindawo eziphansi. Lenhlobo ibhalwe kuRed Book.
Iqiniso elihehayo: ama-Demoiselle cranes ahlala kuma-zoo okungenani iminyaka engama-27, yize ezinye izinyoni ziphila iminyaka engama-60 noma nangaphezulu (okungenani amacala amathathu abhalisiwe). Ukuphila kwalezi zinhlobo endle akwaziwa, kepha nakanjani kufushane kakhulu.
I-Demoiselle Crane inenhloko enezimpiko ngokuphelele futhi ayinazo izindawo ezibomvu zesikhumba esingenalutho ezivame kakhulu kwezinye izinhlobo zamaCranes. Umuntu omdala unomzimba ofanayo ompunga. Emaphikweni kunezimpaphe ezinesihloko esimnyama. Ikhanda nentamo kumnyama. Ingaphambili lentamo likhombisa izimpaphe ezimnyama ezinde ezilenga esifubeni.
Ekhanda, umqhele ophakathi nendawo umhlophe-mpunga kusuka ebunzini kuye komqhele wangemuva. Izindlebe zezindlebe ezimhlophe, ezisuka esweni ziye e-occiput, zakhiwa izimpaphe ezimhlophe ezinde. Umlomo oqondile ufushane, u-grey phansi futhi unethiphu ebomvu. Amehlo abomvu ngokusawolintshi, izidladla zimnyama. Izinzwani ezimfushane zivumela inyoni ukuba igijime kalula emhlabathini owomile.
Iqiniso elijabulisayo: I-Demoiselle Crane yenza umsindo ohoshozelayo, ongacacisi, ofana nomsindo wamacilongo, ongalingiswa njengo "krla-krla" noma "krl-krl".
Ihlala kuphi iDemoiselle Crane?
Isithombe: I-Demoiselle crane
Kunezindawo eziyisithupha eziyinhloko zesibalo seDemoiselle Crane:
- inani elinciphayo labantu abangama-70,000 kuya ku-100 000 litholakala eMpumalanga Asia;
- I-Asia Ephakathi inenani elandayo labantu abangu-100 000;
- IKalmykia yindawo yokuhlala yesithathu esempumalanga enabantu abangama-30,000 kuya kwabangama-35,000, futhi lesi sibalo okwamanje sizinzile;
- eNyakatho Afrika ethafeni lase-Atlas, inani labantu abangama-50 liyancipha;
- isibalo sabantu abangama-500 oLwandle Olumnyama naso sehla;
- I-Turkey inabantu abancane abazalanayo abangaphansi kwekhulu.
I-Demoiselle crane ihlala emahlathini avulekile futhi ivame ukuvakashela amathafa, ama-savanna, ama-steppes namadlelo ahlukahlukene asondele emanzini - imifudlana, amachibi noma amaxhaphozi. Lezi zinhlobo zitholakala ezingwadule nasezingwadule uma kukhona amanzi lapho. Ebusika, lesi silwane sisebenzisa izindawo ezitshaliwe eNdiya nezindawo zasebusuku ezindaweni ezimanzi eziqinile. Ezindaweni zobusika e-Afrika, uhlala endle eyi-savanna enama-acacias, amadlelo nezindawo ezingamaxhaphozi eziseduze.
Ama-cranes eDemoiselle ayizinhlobo zomhlaba wonke ezitholakala ezindaweni eziningi zokuhlala. Izidleke ze-Demoiselle crane eCentral Eurasia, kusukela oLwandle Olumnyama kuya eMongolia nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina. Ubusika e-Indian subcontinent nase-sub-Saharan Africa. Abantu abahlukanisiwe batholakala eTurkey naseNyakatho Afrika (Izintaba ze-Atlas). Le nyoni ibonakala kumamitha angama-3000 e-Asia.
Manje uyazi lapho kuhlala khona i-Demoiselle crane. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
UDemoiselle Crane udlani?
Isithombe: I-Demoiselle crane indiza
Ama-demoiselles ayasebenza emini. Ziklaba ikakhulu ekuseni emadlelweni nasemasimini avulekile, bese ziyama ndawonye usuku lonke. Zondla imbewu, utshani, ezinye izinto zokutshala, izinambuzane, izibungu, izibankwa, nezinye izilwane ezincane.
Ama-crane ama-Demoiselle adla kokudla kwezitshalo nezilwane. Ukudla okuyinhloko kufaka izingxenye zezitshalo, okusanhlamvu, amakinati, imidumba. Ama-demoiselle crane akhiqiza kancane, adla kakhulu kwimikhiqizo yezitshalo, kepha futhi adla izinambuzane ehlobo, kanye nezikelemu, izibankwa kanye nama-vertebrate amancane.
Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, imihlambi emikhulu iyama ezindaweni ezilinyiwe, njengezindawo zobusika eNdiya, lapho zingalimaza khona izitshalo. Ngakho-ke, ama-cranes e-belladonna anomnivorous, adla inani elikhulu lezinto zokutshala unyaka wonke futhi enezela ukudla kwawo nezinye izilwane.
Ama-cranes eDemoiselle angathathwa njenge:
- abadla inyama;
- izilwane ezinambuzane;
- abadla izimbaza;
- izilwane ezinqamulelayo;
- abadla izitshalo ezithela izithelo.
Ngokuqondile, ukudla kwabo kufaka: imbewu, amaqabunga, ama-acorn, amantongomane, amajikijolo, izithelo, udoti wokusanhlamvu, izilwane ezincelisayo, izinyoni, izinambuzane, izikelemu, iminenke, izintethe, amabhungane, izinyoka, izibankwa, namagundane.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-Demoiselle crane eRussia
Ama-cranes eDemoiselle angaba yedwa futhi abe nomphakathi. Ngaphandle kwemisebenzi emikhulu yokudla, ukulala, ukuhamba, njll., Zihlala zodwa lapho kwenziwa ukuxubha, ukuxukuza, ukugeza, ukuklwebha, ukunweba, ukucasula nokudaya izimpaphe. Ziyasebenza emini lapho zondla, zondla, zakha izidleke futhi zinakekela izingane lapho kufika isikhathi sokuzala. Ngenkathi engazalanisi, axhumana ngemihlambi.
Ebusuku, ama-Demoiselle Cranes ancike ngokuthembekile emlenzeni owodwa, futhi ikhanda nentamo kufihlwe ngaphansi noma ehlombe. La ma-crane yizinyoni ezifudukayo ezihamba amabanga amade zisuka ezindaweni ezizalela kuzo ziye ezindaweni zobusika. Kusukela ngo-Agasti kuya kuSepthemba, babuthana ngemihlambi yabantu abangama-400, bese befudukela ebusika. NgoMashi nango-Ephreli, zindiza zibuyela enyakatho ziye ezindaweni zazo zokwakha izidleke. Umhlambi ezinombolweni zokufuduka ubuya kuphela izinyoni ezi-4 kuya kwezingu-10. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, zondla kanye nezinye eziyisikhombisa.
Njengazo zonke izinhlobo zama-cranes, i-Demoiselle crane yenza amasiko nemidlalo emihle, ngokuqomisana nasekuziphatheni komphakathi. Le midlalo noma imidanso iqukethe ukunyakaza okuhlelekile, ukugxuma, ukugijima nokuphonsa izingxenye zezitshalo emoyeni. Imidanso ye-demoiselle crane ivame ukuba namandla kakhulu kunezinhlobo ezinkulu futhi ichazwa ngokuthi "ifana ne-ballet," enezimo eziningi zemidlalo yaseshashalazini.
I-Demoiselle crane iyathutha futhi idabule ezintabeni eziphakeme ze-Himalaya, kuyilapho abanye abantu beqa izingwadule ezibanzi zase-Middle East naseNyakatho Afrika ukufinyelela ezindaweni zabo zobusika. Inani elincane labantu baseTurkey libonakala lihlala ngaphakathi kwebanga lalo. Ekuqaleni, imihlambi efudukayo ingaba nezinyoni ezingafika ku-400, kodwa lapho zifika ezindaweni zasebusika, zihlangana ngemihlambi emikhulu yabantu abayizinkulungwane eziningana.
I-Demoiselle crane, njengezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni, kufanele iqale igijime phansi ukuze ithole isivinini futhi isuke. Indiza ngemivimbo yamaphiko ejulile, enamandla futhi ikhuphukela phezulu ngemuva kokusondela ngemilenze elengayo, amaphiko esabalele nomsila. Lapho ihamba phezu kwezintaba eziphakeme, ingandiza ebangeni elingamamitha angu-5 000 kuya kwangu-8 000.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: I-Demoiselle crane chick
Isikhathi sokuzalisa senzeka ngo-Ephreli-Meyi kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJuni ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho zebanga. Izidleke ze-Demoiselle crane emhlabathini owomile, emadwaleni, otshanini obuvulekile noma ezindaweni ezilashwa. Lezi zithandani ziba nolaka nendawo, futhi zivikela izindawo zazo zokwakha izidleke. Bangakwazi ukukhipha izilwane ezidla ezinye izidleke ngohlobo "lwephiko eliphukile".
Insikazi izalela amaqanda amabili ngasikhathi sinye emhlabathini. Amanye amadwala amancane noma izimila kwesinye isikhathi ziqoqwa ngabantu abadala ukuhlinzeka ngokufihla nokuvikela, kepha isidleke sihlala sincane. Ukufukamela kuthatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-27-29, ezihlukaniswe phakathi kwabantu abadala. Amachwane eDowny ampunga ngekhanda elinsundu ngokunsundu nangaphansi okumhlophe okumpunga ngaphansi.
Zondliwa ngabazali bobabili futhi ngokushesha zilandela abadala ngemuva kokuchamisela ezindaweni eziseduzane zokuzingela. Baqala ukundiza cishe ezinsukwini ezingama-55 kuya kwezingama-65 ngemuva kokuchamisela, isikhathi esifushane kakhulu sezinyoni ezinkulu. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-10, ziyazimela futhi zingaqala ukuzala eminyakeni engama-4-8 ubudala. Imvamisa ama-Demoiselle Cranes angazala kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili.
Iqiniso elihehayo: ama-Demoiselle cranes angabodadewabo, amapheya abo ahlala nabo impilo yabo yonke.
Izinyoni zichitha cishe inyanga zibeka isisindo ukulungiselela ukufuduka kwazo ekwindla. AmaDemoiselle Cranes amancane ahamba nabazali bawo ngesikhathi sokufuduka ekwindla futhi ahlala nawo kuze kube sebusika bokuqala.
Ekuthunjweni, isikhathi sempilo yama-Demoiselle cranes okungenani siyiminyaka engama-27, yize kukhona ubufakazi bama-cranes athile ahlala iminyaka engaphezu kwengama-67. Ukuphila kwezinyoni endle okwamanje akwaziwa. Njengoba impilo emvelweni iyingozi kakhulu, kucatshangwa ukuthi impilo ye-crane imfushane kunaleyo yalabo abahlala ekuthunjweni.
Izitha zemvelo ze-Demoiselle crane
Isithombe: I-Demoiselle crane
I-cranes encane kunazo zonke, ama-Demoiselles asengozini enkulu yezilwane ezidla ezinye kunezinye izinhlobo. Ziyazingelwa futhi nakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Ezindaweni lapho zilimaza khona izitshalo, ama-cranes angabhekwa njengezilokazane futhi angabulawa noma afakwe ubuthi ngabantu.
Kuncane okwaziwayo ngezidlakela zeDemoiselle Cranes. Imininingwane emincane iyatholakala maqondana nezitha zemvelo zalesi silwane ngaphandle kwalezo zinhlobo ezisongela indawo yokuzalanisa yalezi zinhlanya.
Phakathi kwezidlakela ezaziwayo zeDemoiselle Cranes kukhona:
- i-bustard;
- izinja ezifuywayo;
- izimpungushe.
Ama-Demoiselle cranes angabavikeli abanolaka bezidleke zawo, ayakwazi ukuhlasela izinkozi nama-bustard, angajaha izimpungushe nezinja. Abantu nabo bangathathwa njengezilwane ezidliwayo ngoba, ngenkathi kungekho emthethweni ukuzingela lolu hlobo, okuhlukile kwenziwa ezindaweni ezingenazinsiza.
Iqiniso Elimnandi: Ama-cranes we-Demoiselle anezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuxhumana ezizisiza ukuthi zizivikele ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye, ezinjengokuma okuhlukahlukene okusongelayo, ukuzwakalisa amagama, ukubona ngamehlo, uqhwaku kanye nokuzipholela izinguquko ukondla nokusebenza kahle, kanye nombala ompunga wesilivere wabantu abadala futhi amaqanda aluhlaza-ophuzi anezindawo ze-lavender, ezisiza ngempumelelo ukufihla ezitheni.
Ama-omnivores ahlukahlukene futhi angaba yisisulu, ama-Demoiselle Cranes ahlangana nezinye izinhlobo eziningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, la ma-crane angosokhaya bama-parasites ama-nematode ahlukahlukene anjenge-tracheal red worm noma i-roundworm, okuyizinambuzane zamathumbu. ICoccidia ngesinye isinambuzane esithelela amathumbu nezinye izitho zangaphakathi zale nyoni, njengenhliziyo, isibindi, izinso namaphaphu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani iDemoiselle Crane
Abantu balezi cranes okwamanje abekho engozini. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izingxenye zobubanzi bazo, zithathwa njengezilokazane zezitshalo zezolimo, ngoba zilimaza izitshalo futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu zingafakwa ubuthi noma zibulawe. Izinhlelo eziningana zokuvikela sezivele zikhona kwamanye amazwe ukulawula ukuzingela nokuvikela inyoni nendawo ehlala kuyo.
Zisongelwa futhi ngamapayipi amanzi kanye nokulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala, futhi bahlushwa ingcindezi yokuzingela. Abanye babulawelwa umdlalo noma ukudla, kanti kukhona nokushushumbiswa kwezilwane ngokungemthetho ePakistan nase-Afghanistan. Ukuwohloka kwendawo okuhlala kuyo kwenzeka emaqeleni asezintabeni kulo lonke uhla, nasezindaweni zobusika nasemizileni yokufuduka.
Ngakho-ke, kungabonakala izinsongo ezilandelayo ezithinta inani labantu baseDemoiselle Cranes:
- ukuguqulwa kwezimfunda;
- izinguquko ekusetshenzisweni komhlaba wezolimo;
- ukuphuza amanzi;
- ukunwetshwa kwamadolobha nokuthuthukiswa komhlaba;
- ukutshalwa kwamahlathi;
- izinguquko ezimileni;
- ukungcoliswa kwemvelo;
- ukushayisana nolayini bensiza;
- ukudoba ngokweqile kwabantu;
- ukuzingela ngokungemthetho
- isicupho esiphilayo sokuhweba kwasekhaya nokuhweba;
- ubuthi.
Inani eliphelele lamaDemoiselle Cranes cishe ngabantu abayi-230,000-261,000. Okwamanje, eYurophu, inani lalezi zinhlobo lilinganiselwa phakathi kwamabhangqa angama-9 700 no-13,300 (abantu abangu-19,400-26,500 abavuthiwe). Kunezimbhangqwana ezizalanayo ezibalelwa ku-100 kuya ku-10 000 eChina, lapho izinyoni ezingama-50-1,000 zifuduka. Ngokuvamile, lezi zinhlobo njengamanje zihlukaniswa njengezincane kakhulu ezisengozini, futhi izinombolo zayo ziyanda namuhla.
Ukuvikelwa kweDemoiselle Crane
Isithombe: I-Demoiselle crane evela eRed Book
Ikusasa lama-Demoiselle Cranes lizinzile futhi liphephe kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zama-cranes. Kodwa-ke, kuthathwa izinyathelo zokunciphisa izinsongo ezibalwe ngenhla.
Izindlela zokonga ezihlomulise la ma-crane kuze kube manje zifaka:
- ukuvikelwa;
- ukwakhiwa kwezindawo ezivikelekile;
- izinhlolovo zasendaweni nezifundo zemizila yokufuduka;
- ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokuqapha;
- ukutholakala kokushintshaniswa kolwazi.
Njengamanje, izinhlelo zikahulumeni zokufundisa ziyathuthukiswa ezindaweni zokuzalela nezokufuduka zeDemoiselle Cranes, kanye nezinhlelo ezikhethekile zemfundo ngokubandakanya abazingeli e-Afghanistan nasePakistan. Lezi zinhlelo zizohlinzeka ngokuqwashisa okukhulu komphakathi ngalezi zinhlobo futhi ngethemba lokuthi ekugcineni zizohlinzeka ngokweseka okukhulu ukongiwa kweDemoiselle Cranes.
Ama-Cranes: Ukubuyekezwa Kwesimo kanye noHlelo Lokusebenza Lokonga kubuyekeze isimo sokonga sabantu ezifundeni eziyisithupha lapho kutholakala khona iDemoiselles.
Ukuhlola kwabo kumi kanjena:
- inani labantu base-Atlas lisengozini;
- inani labantu boLwandle Olumnyama lisengozini;
- Inani labantu baseTurkey lisengozini;
- inani labantu baseKalmykia - ingozi encane;
- Abantu baseKazakhstan / Asia Ephakathi - ubungozi obuncane;
- abantu baseMpumalanga Asia basengozini.
Ama-cranes ngokujwayelekile abelokhu egqugquzela abantu ngobuciko, izinganekwane, izinganekwane nezinto zakudala, ezihlala zivusa ukusabela okuqinile kwemizwa. Babephethe nenkolo futhi bevela ezithombeni, kuma-petroglyphs nakubumba. Emathuneni asendulo aseGibhithe Idemoiselle crane iboniswa abaculi bangaleso sikhathi kaningi.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 08/03/2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 28.09.2019 ngo-11: 50
