igalikuni - izinkukhu ezinkulu, ezihlobene eduze nama-pheasants namapigogo. Ngokuyaziwa njengesidlo seholide sokubonga e-United States, abaseMelika nabo basidla kaningi ngezinye izinsuku. Akuthandeki kangako kithi, yize njalo ngonyaka izinkumbi zabantu ziya ngokwanda. Kepha leli likhaya - futhi amahlathi aseMelika nawo ahlala endle.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Turkey
Imvelaphi nokuvela kokuqala kwezinyoni sekuyisikhathi eside kungenye yezingxoxo ezixoxwa kakhulu emphakathini wesayensi. Kwakukhona imibono ehlukahlukene, futhi ngisho namanje, yize kukhona inguqulo esungulwe kahle, eminye imininingwane yayo isengumbango. Ngokwenguqulo yendabuko, le nyoni ingelinye lamagatsha ama-theropods, nawo ahlobene nama-dinosaurs. Kukholakala ukuthi basondelene kakhulu nama-maniraptor. Isixhumanisi sokuqala sesikhashana esithembekile sezinyoni yi-Archeopteryx, kepha kunezinguqulo eziningi zokuthi ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwahamba kanjani ngaphambi kwalokho.
Ividiyo: Turkey
Ngokusho komunye wabo, ukundiza kuvele ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwekhono lokugxumela phansi ezihlahleni, ngokusho komunye, okhokho bezinyoni bafunde ukusuka phansi, okwesithathu bathi baqale bagxuma ezihlahleni, okwesine - ukuthi bahlasela inyamazane beqamekele besuka egqumeni, njalonjalo. Lo mbuzo ubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ngokususelwa kuwo, unganquma okhokho bezinyoni. Kunoma ikuphi, inqubo kwakudingeka yenzeke kancane kancane: amathambo aguqukile, kwakhiwa imisipha edingekayo yokundiza, izimpaphe zathuthukiswa. Lokhu kwaholela ekubonakaleni kwezinyoni zokuqala ngasekupheleni kwesikhathi seTriassic, uma lokhu sikuthatha njengeprotoavis, noma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi - ekuqaleni kwesikhathi seJurassic.
Ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezinyoni eminyakeni eyizigidi eziningi kwenzeka emthunzini wama-pterosaurs ayebusa amazulu ngaleso sikhathi. Ihambe kancane, futhi izinhlobo zezinyoni ebezihlala emhlabeni wethu ngezikhathi zeJurassic naseCretaceous azikasinda kuze kube namuhla. Izinhlobo zanamuhla zaqala ukuvela ngemuva kokuqothulwa kweCretaceous-Paleogene. Zimbalwa izinyoni ezihlupheke enkambweni yazo ezinikezwe ithuba lokuhlala emazulwini - nasemhlabeni, futhi, imicengezi eminingi yemvelo yaphuma, lapho kwahlala khona izinhlobo ezingenamaphiko.
Ngenxa yalokho, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwaqala ukuqhubeka ngokuzikhandla, okwaholela ekuveleni kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezinyoni zanamuhla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iqembu lezinkukhu lavela, okuyi-turkey, khona-ke umndeni we-peacock kanye ne-turkey uqobo. Incazelo yabo yesayensi yenziwa nguKarl Linnaeus ngo-1758, kanti lolu hlobo lwanikezwa igama elithi Meleagris gallopavo.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani u-turkey
Ngaphandle, iTurkey ibukeka njengepigogo - yize ingenazo izimpaphe ezinhle ezifanayo, kodwa icishe ilingane ngokulingana komzimba: ikhanda lincane, intamo yinde nomzimba unesimo esifanayo. Kepha imilenze yeTurkey yinde ngokwedlulele, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, inamandla - lokhu kuyivumela ukuthi ithuthukise isivinini esikhulu sokugijima. Inyoni iyakwazi ukukhuphukela emoyeni, kepha indiza iphansi futhi isondele, ngaphandle kwalokho, isebenzisa amandla amaningi kuyo, ngakho-ke ngemuva kokundiza kufanele uphumule. Ngakho-ke, bakhetha ukuhamba ngezinyawo zabo. Kodwa indiza iyasiza futhi: ngosizo lwayo, i-turkey yasendle ingagcina esihlahleni, esisiza ukubalekela kwezinye izilwane noma ukuhlala kahle ebusuku.
I-dimorphism yezocansi kuma-turkeys ibizwa: abesilisa bakhulu kakhulu, isisindo sabo siba ngu-5-8 kg, futhi kwabesifazane kube ngu-3-5 kg; isikhumba esisekhanda lowesilisa sishwabene, nesikhonyane esilenga ngenhla komlomo, kowesifazane siyashelela, bese kuthi ukuphuma kwayo kube kohlobo olwehluke ngokuphelele - kunamathela njengophondo oluncane; owesilisa unamafolda futhi angakwazi ukuwafaka; kowesifazane mancane futhi awakwazi ukufutheka. Futhi, owesilisa unamahlumela abukhali angekho kowesifazane, futhi umbala wezimpaphe zakhe ucebile. Izimpaphe ezikude zivela ikakhulu zimnyama, kepha zinemigqa emhlophe. Uma ukude, kuyabonakala ukuthi anombala onsundu - kubantu abahlukahlukene angaba mnyama noma abe lula. Inyoni ivame ukuba nombala oluhlaza. Inhloko nentamo akuzona izimpaphe.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ebangeni le-turkey yasendle, kwesinye isikhathi liyazalana nabantu abafuywayo. Abanikazi bokugcina bazuza kuphela kulokhu, ngoba inzalo iyaphikelela futhi inkulu.
Uhlala kuphi u-turkey?
Isithombe: American Turkey
Izwekazi kuphela lapho kuhlala khona izingulube zasendle iNyakatho Melika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, engxenyeni enkulu zivamile e-United States, ezifundazweni ezisempumalanga nasenkabeni. Kuzo, lezi zinyoni zingatholakala kakhulu cishe kuwo wonke amahlathi - futhi zikhetha ukuhlala emahlathini. Bahlala kusuka emingceleni esenyakatho kakhulu ye-United States kuya eningizimu - eFlorida, eLouisana, njalonjalo. Entshonalanga, ukusatshalaliswa kwabo kabanzi kunqunyelwe ezifundazweni ezinjengeMontana, iColorado neNew Mexico. Ngaphezu kwalokho entshonalanga, ajwayelekile kakhulu, njenge-foci ehlukile. Abantu babo abahlukene, ngokwesibonelo, base-Idaho naseCalifornia.
Ama-turkeys asendle nawo ahlala eMexico, kepha kuleli zwe awasakazeki njengase-United States, ububanzi bawo bukhawulelwe ezindaweni eziningana enkabeni. Kepha eningizimu yeMexico kanye nasemazweni aseMelika Ephakathi eseduzane nayo, olunye uhlobo lusakazekile - i-eye turkey. Ngokuqondene ne-turkey ejwayelekile, emashumini eminyaka amuva nje uhla lwayo lwandiswe ngobuqili: kwenziwa iphrojekthi yokuhambisa izinyoni eCanada ukuze zizalele lapho. Kwaphumelela kakhulu, ama-turkeys asendle athuthukise ngempumelelo izindawo ezintsha, futhi manje kunezinombolo ezinkulu eduze komngcele wase-US.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umngcele wokusabalalisa kwabo uhamba kancane kancane uye enyakatho - indawo lapho lezi zinyoni zihlala khona emvelweni isivele idlule okulindelwe ososayensi. Ngokuvamile ama-turkeys ahlala emahlathini noma eduze kwezihlahla. Bancamela indawo eseduze nemifula emincane, imifudlana noma amaxhaphozi - ikakhulukazi akamuva, ngoba kunama-amphibian amaningi kuwo, adliwa yiTurkey. Ngokuqondene nama-turkeys afuywayo, asakazeke kabanzi emhlabeni wonke, ancintisana ngempumelelo nezinkukhu: angatholakala kunoma yiliphi izwekazi.
Udlani u-turkey?
Isithombe: Home turkey
Ukudla kwezitshalo kugqame ekudleni kwama-turkeys, njenge:
- amantongomane;
- umjunipha namanye amajikijolo;
- ama-acorn;
- imbewu yotshani;
- ama-bulb, izilimo eziyizigaxa, izimpande;
- imifino.
Bangadla cishe noma iyiphi ingxenye yezitshalo, ngakho-ke abanakho ukudla emahlathini aseMelika. Kuyiqiniso, okuningi kwalokhu okungenhla kungukudla okunama-calories amancane, futhi ama-turkeys kufanele azifunele ukudla cishe usuku lonke. Ngakho-ke, bakhetha lokho okunikeza ama-calories amaningi, ikakhulukazi amantongomane ahlukahlukene. Bathanda namajikijolo amnandi. Kusuka kotshani clover, imifino izaqathe, u-anyanisi, u-garlic - okungukuthi, onamanzi amaningi noma onambitheka okhethekile. Kepha hhayi ngezitshalo zodwa - ama-turkeys nawo angabamba futhi adle izilwane ezincane, okunomsoco kakhulu. Imvamisa kuhlangana:
- amasele namaxoxo;
- izibankwa;
- amagundane;
- izinambuzane;
- izibungu.
Imvamisa bahlala eduze kwemizimba yamanzi: ngakho-ke bona ngokwabo abadingi ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi endaweni yokunisela, ngaphandle kwalokho, kunezilwane eziningi kakhulu eziseduze kwabo, futhi ama-turkeys ayithanda kakhulu. Ama-turkeys asekhaya ahlinzekwa kakhulu ngama-pellets, ukwakheka okukuvumela ukuthi ungakhathazeki ngokudla okunomsoco - seziqukethe zonke izinto ezidingwa yile nyoni. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ngokuhamba, zingasekelwa ngotshani, izimpande, izinambuzane nokunye ukudla abajwayele.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ukunambitheka, njengokuzwa, kuhle kuma-turkeys, kepha umuzwa wokuhogela awukho nhlobo, okubavimbela ekunukeleni izidlo noma abazingeli ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Manje uyazi ukuthi ungayondla kanjani i-turkey yakho. Ake sibone ukuthi bahlala kanjani endle.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: I-Wild Turkey
AmaTurkeys ahlala phansi, abesifazane kanye nezingane ezinemihlambi, imvamisa ibalelwa kwabayishumi nambili, nabesilisa ngabodwa, noma ngamaqembu abantu abambalwa. Ziyaphuma ziyofuna ukudla kusuka entathakusa bese zibahola kuze kuhlwe, imvamisa zithatha ikhefu emini bebade uma kushisa. Cishe sonke isikhathi bahamba emhlabathini, yize kaningana ngosuku iTurkey ikwazi ukukhuphukela emoyeni - imvamisa uma ibone okuthile okumnandi ngokukhethekile, noma uma isengozini. Yize esimweni sesibili, inyoni iqala izama ukubaleka - igijima ngokushesha, ngesivinini esifinyelela ku-50 km / h, ngakho-ke ivame ukuphumelela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-turkeys aqinile futhi ayakwazi ukugijima isikhathi eside, noma ngabe umhlaseli esevele ephelelwe amandla, futhi futhi bayakwazi ukushintsha ngokushesha okukhulu indlela yokugijima, edida lowo obalandelayo: ngakho-ke, kunzima ngisho nangomgibeli wehhashi ukubamba. Zithatha kuphela lapho sekucaca ukuthi obalandelayo ucishe wabadlula, futhi ngeke bakwazi ukuhamba. I-turkey ingandiza amamitha ayikhulu, kuyaqabukela ibe ngamakhulu amaningana, ngemuva kwalokho izithole isesihlahleni noma iqhubeke nokugijima. Kepha noma engazange abe nethuba lokundiza, uyakwenza okungenani kanye ngosuku - lapho elala khona esihlahleni ubusuku bonke.
Emini, le nyoni ihamba amabanga amade, kepha imvamisa ayisuki endaweni yayo ejwayelekile, kepha ihamba izungeza. Bangakwazi ukuhamba kuphela lapho izimo zokuphila ziba zimbi, ngokuvamile neqembu lonke ngasikhathi sinye. Ukuxhumana, ama-turkeys asebenzisa imisindo ehlukile, futhi isethi yawo ibanzi impela. Lezi zinyoni ziyathanda "ukukhuluma" futhi uma kuthulekile, uzwe ukuthi zishintshana kanjani ngemisindo. Kepha lapho umhlambi uzolile, lokhu kusho ukuthi bayaqapha futhi balalele ngokucophelela - lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka uma kuzwakala umsindo ongaphandle.
I-turkey ihlala endle isikhathi seminyaka emithathu. Kepha empeleni, isikhathi esifushane sokuphila singenxa yokuthi sibhekene nezingozi eziningi, futhi cishe asikaze siphumelele ukufa ngokuguga. Izinyoni ezinobuqili, eziqaphelayo nezinenhlanhla zingaphila iminyaka eyi-10-12.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: amatshwele ase-turkey
Umhlambi ngamunye wama-turkeys uhlala endaweni yawo, futhi ubanzi - cishe amakhilomitha-skwele angama-6-10. Ngemuva kwakho konke, bahamba ibanga elide ngosuku, futhi kubalulekile ukuthi endleleni yabo amanye ama-turkeys angadli konke okumnandi kakhulu - kulokhu badinga umhlaba wabo. Lapho kuqala isikhathi sokukhwelana, abesilisa, ababevame ukugcina ngamunye ngamunye - babizwa nangokuthi "ama-toms", baqala ukubiza abesifazane ngemisindo ephezulu. Uma bethanda, khona-ke kufanele baphendule ngokufanayo. Izimpaphe ze-toms ziyakhanya kakhulu futhi ziqala ukucwebezela ngemibala ehlukene, bese umsila uphuma uphume. Lesi sikhathi sifika ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ama-Turkeys pout, azama ukubonakala emakhulu (yingakho isisho esithi "pout like a turkey), futhi sihamba ngokubalulekile, sikhombisa abesifazane izimpaphe zabo ezinhle. Kwesinye isikhathi kuqubuka izimpi phakathi kwabo, yize zingahlukani ngesihluku esedlulele - inyoni ehluliwe imane iye kwenye indawo.
Lapho izinsikazi ziseduze, izinsumpa ezisezintanyeni ze-toms ziphenduka zibe bomvu futhi zivuvuke, ziqala ukukhipha umsindo wokuxokozela, zizama ukuheha insikazi. Ubuhle bezimpaphe nokusebenza kwale nyoni kudlala indima ebalulekile - izinyoni ezinkulu nezinomsindo kakhulu ziheha abesifazane abaningi. Ama-turkeys anesithembu - ngesikhathi esisodwa sokukhwelana, owesifazane angakhwelana nabesilisa abaningana. Ngemuva kwenkathi yokukhwelana, isikhathi sokuzalela siyafika, owesifazane ngamunye ngokwehlukana ufuna indawo yesidleke sakhe bese eyihlela. Yize kwenzeka ukuthi ngasikhathi sinye benza i-clutch esidlekeni esisodwa. Isidleke uqobo lwaso siyimbobo embozwe ngotshani emhlabathini. I-turkey ayihlanganyeli kule nqubo nganoma iyiphi indlela, kanye nasekufukameleni, bese ekuphakeleni amaphuphu - insikazi ikwenza konke lokhu yodwa. Uvame ukubeka amaqanda ayi-8-15 bese uwafukamela amasonto amane. Amaqanda makhulu ngosayizi, ukwakheka kwawo kufana nepheya, umbala uphuzi-ubheme, uvame kakhulu kucezwana olubomvu.
Ngesikhathi sokufukamela, imibala ephaphathekile ilungele ama-turkeys: kunzima kakhulu ezilwaneni ezizibonayo ukuyibona. Ukuhlala zinganakwa, zizama nokwakha izidleke ezindaweni ezimbozwe uhlaza. Ngesikhathi sokufukamela, bona ngokwabo badla okuncane, bezama ukuchitha sonke isikhathi emaqandeni, kepha isidleke sabo asikwazi ukuzivikela: iTurkey uqobo ayikwazi ukuphikisa noma yini ezilwaneni ezinkulu. Bayakwazi ukuxosha abancane kude nesidleke, kepha bangalinda ize ihambe ayodla futhi ayonakalise.
Ukube zonke izingozi bezigwenywe, namachwane echanyuselwa, akudingeki ukuthi baphathe ukudla: cishe bakulungele masinyane ukulandela unina emhlambini bazicofele ngokwabo. Amachwane anokuzwa okuhle kusukela ezalwa futhi ahlukanisa izwi likanina kwabanye. Zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi sezineminyaka engamasonto amabili ziqala ukufunda ukundiza, futhi lapho sezineminyaka emithathu ziyakwazi ukundiza - kuze kufike lapho kutholakala khona iTurkey. Ekuqaleni, umama uchitha ubusuku emhlabathini nezinkukhu, futhi lapho nje befunda ukundiza, bonke baqala ukuhamba ndawonye ebusuku esihlahleni esisodwa. Lapho amaphuphu enenyanga eyodwa ubudala, umama ubuyela nawo emhlambini wakhe. Iqembu, elihlakazeke kancane kancane entwasahlobo, lihlangana futhi ehlobo bese likhula kakhulu. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zokuqala, amaphuphu ahamba nonina, bese ezimela ngokuphelele. Ngenkathi elandelayo yokukhwelana, sezivele zinamachwane azo.
Izitha zemvelo zama-turkeys
Isithombe: Ubukeka kanjani u-turkey
Ukubamba ama-turkeys noma amatshwele abantu abadala, kanye nokonakalisa izidleke zabo, kunga:
- izinkozi;
- izikhova;
- ama-coyotes;
- amasofa;
- i-lynx.
Ziyizidlakela ezisheshayo nezinobuciko, okunzima ukuncintisana nazo ngisho ne-turkey enkulu, futhi ayikwazi ukubalekela izinyoni ngisho nasesihlahleni. Kokungaphezulu kwalokhu okungenhla, i-turkey isidlo esihlwabusayo, ngakho-ke bayizitha zayo ezimbi kakhulu. Kepha unabaphikisi abancane - imvamisa abazingeli izinyoni ezindala, kepha bangadla amaphuphu noma amaqanda.
It:
- izimpungushe;
- izinyoka;
- amagundane;
- izidumbu;
- ama-raccoons.
Kunokuningi kakhulu kunezilwane ezinkulu ezidla ezinye, ngakho-ke kunzima kakhulu ukuthi amaphuphu aphile, noma ngabe ekuqaleni unina uhlala enabo njalo. Amachwane angaphansi kwengxenye asinda emasontweni okuqala - isikhathi lapho engakwazi ukundiza nhlobo futhi asengozini enkulu. Ekugcineni, phakathi kwezitha zeTurkey, abantu akufanele bakhohlwe - bazingele le nyoni isikhathi eside, ngisho namaNdiya akwenza, kwathi ngemuva kokuba abaseYurophu bexazulule leli zwekazi, ukuzingela kwaqala ukusebenza kakhulu, okwaholela ekuqothulweni kwalezi zinhlobo. Lokho wukuthi, abanye abantu babulala ama-turkeys amaningi ukwedlula zonke ezinye izidumbu zihlangene.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: AbaseSpain baletha ama-turkeys eYurophu, futhi kancane kancane basakazekela nakwamanye amazwe. Abantu babevame ukungazi nokuthi zavelaphi lezi zinyoni. Ngakho-ke, eNgilandi, wathola igama elithi turkey, okungukuthi, iTurkey, ngoba kwakukholelwa ukuthi uvela eTurkey. Futhi abafuduki baseNgilandi ababehamba ngomkhumbi baya eMelika bahamba namakarishi - babengazi ukuthi baya ngomkhumbi ezweni labo elingokomlando.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ama-turkeys
Ngaphandle kokuthi ama-turkeys asekhaya akhuliswa kakhulu eMelika, abantu abaningi bahlanganyela ekuzingeleni izilwane zasendle. Ngakho-ke, e-United States, ukuzingelwa kwabo kuvunyelwe yonke indawo ngezikhathi zonyaka ezikhethekile, ngoba inani lalezi zinhlobo likhulu, akukho okusongela lokho. Inani eliphelele lalezi zinyoni lingaba yizigidi eziyi-16-20. Kepha lokhu bekungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi: ngenxa yokudoba okusebenzayo ngama-1930s, ama-turkeys asendle acishe aqedwa. Kwakungekho ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-30 kuyo yonke iNyakatho Melika. Ezifundazweni eziningi, seziyekile ukutholakala ngokuphelele, futhi ziye zasinda kuphela ezindaweni ezinabantu abambalwa kakhulu e-United States.
Kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwathathwa izinyathelo zokuvikela lezi zinhlobo, kanti ama-turkeys uqobo lwawo kwaba yizinyoni eziphindaphindeka ngokushesha ezimweni ezifanele. Ngo-1960, uhla lwawo lwabuyiselwa emlandweni, kwathi ngo-1973 kwase kunezigidi eziyi-1.3 zazo e-United States. Isibalo sabantu manje sesibakhulu kunanini ngaphambili ngenxa yobubanzi obunwetshwe ngasenyakatho. Futhi-ke, ukuze isimo engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20 singaziphindi, manje kukhona ukulawula ngokucophelela inani lale nyoni, umuntu ngamunye obulewe ekuzingeleni ubhalisiwe. Baningi abazingeli minyaka yonke, futhi bazingela ngosizo lwezibhamu nangezicupho.Ngasikhathi sinye, kuthiwa inyama yama-turkeys asendle ingcono kunenyama yasekhaya ngokunambitha.
igalikuni futhi manje usaqhubeka nokuphila njengakuqala. Ukoloni lwaseMelika ngabantu baseYurophu balushaya kakhulu lolu hlobo, kangangokuba bacishe bafa. Ngenhlanhla, lolu hlobo manje seluphephile futhi seludlange kakhulu kunakuqala, kanti nokuzingelwa kweTurkey kusathandwa eNyakatho Melika.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 07/31/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 31.07.2019 ngo-22: 12
