I-Merino Ingabe uhlobo lwezimvu, inani elikhulu kunazo zonke eligxile e-Australia. Ngaphandle, azifani neze nezinye izinhlobo zezimvu. Umehluko omkhulu usekhwalithi yoboya, obukuboya be-merino obunemicu eyishumi nambili futhi ithambe ngendlela eyisimanga. Uboya balolu hlobo oluthile lwezimvu luthandwa kakhulu emazweni ahlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Merino
Izimvu zingezilwane ezilandelanayo, ezihlukaniswa njengezilwane ezincelisayo, i-artiodactyl oda, umndeni wama-bovids, uhlobo lwe-ram, uhlobo lwe-merino. Lolu hlobo lwezimvu lungenye yezindala kunazo zonke ezikhona namuhla. Umlando wokubonakala kwawo ubuyela emuva emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka. Incazelo yokuqala yalolu hlobo isukela emuva eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbili eyedlule. Izwe lomlando lokhokho basendulo babamele banamuhla balolu hlobo yinsimu yeNyakatho Afrika ne-Asia Minor.
Ividiyo: Merino
Ngesikhathi sokudliwa komhlaba omusha ngama-Arabhu, izimvu zayiswa zaya endaweni yeNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia. Yilapha lapho abantu bendawo baqala ukubazalela ukuze bathole uboya obuphezulu. Esikhathini samakhulu eminyaka ayi-12-16, iSpain yayiyisifunda esiyinhloko sokuzalanisa ngobuningi kwezilwane, ukufuywa kwazo. Kwakungalelizwe elalingumhlinzeki ophambili woboya bezimvu obuthambile nobusezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kwakuphakathi nesikhathi esivela ngekhulu le-12 kuya kwele-16 lapho izimvu zalolu hlobo zazalaniswa kuphela eSpain. Kwakungavunyelwe neze ukuzithumela kwamanye amazwe. Ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nale mfuneko kwakuyisizathu sokubekwa kwesijeziso sobugebengu kuze kube yisigwebo sentambo.
Ngo-1723, iziphathimandla zaseSpain ezingeni lezomthetho zasusa ukuvinjelwa kokuthunyelwa kwezilwane ze-merino ngaphandle kwezwe lazo. Emva kwalokho, izilwane zilethwe endaweni yaseSweden, bese kuba yiFrance yanamuhla. Ngo-1788, lezi zilwane zeza e-Australia. Isifunda ngasinye lapho lezi zimvu zafuywa khona futhi zafuywa ngobuningi bazo, zazama ukuthuthukisa uhlobo, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yenyama noma izici zoboya. Ngenxa yalokho, kwavela inani elikhulu lama-subspecies. Namuhla, i-merino wuhlobo oluhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphansi kweshumi ezahlukahlukene zezimvu. Noma kunjalo, zonke zinezici ezivamile zangaphandle.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-merino
Isilwane sinokubukeka okungajwayelekile impela. Kukhumbuza wonke umuntu ngezimvu ezifuywayo ezifuywayo. Ngokubukeka, izilwane zibukeka njengezilwane ezincane, ezinamandla nezinemilenze emifushane. Umzimba wonke wesilwane umbozwe uboya obukhulu, obude. Itholakala njengokungathi igagasi noma imigoqo. Kwesinye isikhathi, ngenxa yoboya, kunzima ngisho nokubona ubuso besilwane. Isisindo somuntu wesifazane oyedwa esikhulile singama-40-50 kilograms, owesilisa oyedwa omdala angama-90-110 kilograms. Kubantu balolu hlobo, njengakubo bonke abanye, kuvezwa ukufiphala kocansi. Lokhu kubonakala hhayi kuphela ngobukhulu nangosayizi womzimba. Abesilisa banezimpondo ezinde ezinamandla ezimise okomoya. Umbala wejazi ungahlukahluka futhi kuncike kuma-subspecies.
Imuphi umbala woboya abamele lolu hlobo lwezimvu abanalo:
- okumhlophe;
- i-lactic;
- mhlophe ngombala ophuzi;
- beige;
- mhlophe ngombala ompunga omnyama;
- umbala onsundu.
Izinwele zezilwane ziyaqhubeka zikhula impilo yonke. Ubude obumaphakathi boboya obunconyelwa ukuthi bufuthwe ngamasentimitha ayi-9-10.
Ngokuya ngama-subspecies, ukubukeka kwe-merino kuhlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko:
- kulungile. Ungahluki ngosayizi omkhulu kakhulu womzimba. Akunamafolda emzimbeni wabo;
- okulingene. Zingezokwakhiwa okulingene futhi zinamafolda ama-2-3 esiqwini;
- eqinile. Zihlukaniswa nomzimba omkhulu kakhulu, omkhulu futhi onesiqu.
Ihlala kuphi imerino?
Isithombe: Merino yase-Australia
Izwe lomlando we-merino lithathwa njenge-Australia. Kodwa-ke, izilwane zafuywa ngokushesha futhi zasakazeka cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba. Amapulazi amakhulu kakhulu asebenza ngokuzalanisa izimvu ngezinga lezimboni atholakala esifundeni iVolga, eUral, eSiberia, nasezindaweni ezimaphakathi zeRussian Federation.
Ukufuya izimvu ekhaya, kufanele unakekele ukudala izimo ezithandekayo zezilwane. Badinga ishede nakanjani. Kumele lome futhi lifudumale. Qiniseka ukuthi akukho okusalungiswa. Ngenxa yokuthi izilwane ziyesaba ngezikhala ezivalekile, ukuphakama kophahla kufanele okungenani kube amamitha amabili. Indawo yesiphala inqunywa ngesilinganiso samamitha-skwele ayi-1.5-2 kumuntu ngamunye. Ehlobo, inqolobane akufanele igcwale, ebusika akufanele ibande.
Kuhle uma isibaya sinompheme. Kufanele kube lula ukufaka umoya. Izinga lokushisa elinethezekile kakhulu lokugcina izilwane lisukela kuma-degree ayi-6 kuye kwayi-13. Isheduli kufanele ihlanganiswe ne-corral, indawo yayo ezoba cishe kabili indawo yeshedi uqobo. Izinkomishi zokuphuza kanye nama-feeder kufanele kube khona. Ukutholakala kwamanzi kuyadingeka ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Idlani imerino?
Isithombe: Merino Sheep
Ama-Merino yizilwane ezidla imifino. Phakathi nezinyanga ezifudumele, umthombo wokudla oyinhloko utshani obusha obuluhlaza, obudliwa izilwane ngesikhathi sokudla. Abazalisi balolu hlobo kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi bangachitha isikhathi esanele emadlelweni ngotshani obuluhlaza obuluhlaza. Ngemuva kokukhuluphalisa emadlelweni, kufanele kunikezwe amanzi ukuqeda ukoma kwezilwane. Ngokwesilinganiso, umuntu omdala oyedwa udinga amalitha ayi-15-20 wamanzi ngosuku. Umfuyi wezilwane kufanele abheke iqiniso lokuthi kufanelekile ukuzikhiphela emadlelweni lapho utshani bomile kahle. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izilwane zingamanzi futhi zibambe amakhaza. Uma ihlobo lishisa kakhulu futhi izinga lokushisa lenyuka, kuyadingeka ukushayela izilwane esitebeleni ukuze zikwazi ukucasha ekushiseni okukhulu ngesikhathi sekhefu. Ngemuva kwamahora amahlanu, ungathumela izilwane zibuyele emadlelweni. Lapho kuqala isimo sezulu esibandayo, kufanelekile ukunakekela ukudla okugcwele nokuhlukahlukene.
Okusebenza njengesisekelo sefolishi ye-merino:
- ama-oats;
- hay;
- bran;
- okuphakelayo okuhlanganisiwe;
- imifino;
- ufulawa wepea;
- ibhali.
Abafuyi beMerino kufanele banake ngokukhethekile ukwenziwa kotshani. Kulungele ukuvunwa ezindaweni eziyizicaba, hhayi emahlathini noma emaxhaphozini. Uhhoyi ovunwa ehlathini noma emaxhaphozini awunazo izakhamzimba ezanele. Kuzoba yize ngalutho ezimvwini. Ukuze isilwane singaguli futhi sibe nekhwalithi enhle kakhulu yoboya, kubalulekile ukwengeza amavithamini namaminerali ekudleni ngendlela yezithasiselo ezikhethekile noma izingxube ezenzelwe ukudla. Ehlobo, ngaphezu kwamakhambi amasha, kunconywa ukuthi ungeze ukudla okushoki, amazambane nosawoti wedwala. Ngenkathi ebandayo, kunconywa ukondla izilwane cishe izikhathi ezingu-2-4 ngosuku. I-Merino iyazithanda kakhulu izaqathe ze-nibbling nama-apula amnandi.
Manje uyazi ukuthi uzondla ngani i-merino. Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izimo ezidingekayo ekuzalaneni kwezimvu ngempumelelo.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Merino eRussia
I-Merino yizilwane ezifuywayo ezihlala emphakathini. Endaweni yabo yemvelo, nabo bahlala njengengxenye yeqembu. Inani lamaqembu anjalo emvelweni lifinyelela kubantu abayi-15 kuye kwabangu-30. Kukuzimo ezinjalo lapho izilwane zizizwa zivikelekile. Ama-Zoologists asungule ukuthi uma umuntu oyedwa ehlukaniswe neqembu lonke, uzothola ukucindezeleka okumangazayo, okuzozibonakalisa ngokuntula ukudla, ukwehla kwezimoto, njll.
Ngaphambi kokuba ube ngumfuyi wezilwane ekhaya, kufanelekile ukutadisha izici zomlingiswa wazo. Izici eziyinhloko zalezi zinhlobo zezilwane zinenkani, amahloni ngisho nobuwula. Izimvu zalolu hlobo, ezigcinwa ezimweni zokufakelwa, zingahlangana ngamaqembu amakhulu futhi zilandelane kalula, okudala ubunzima obukhulu lapho usedlelweni.
Izazi zezilwane zithi izimvu zalolu hlobo zinamahloni kakhulu futhi zinama-phobias amaningi. Bayesaba kakhulu imisindo ephezulu, ukumemeza, ukungqongqoza. Zibonakala ngokwesaba indawo emnyama futhi evalekile. Lapho usongelwa, wonke umhlambi wezimvu ungabaleka ngejubane eliphakeme kakhulu.Eqenjini elikhulu, kuvame ukuba nomholi. Lona owesilisa omkhulu kunabo bonke. Ukugwema ukusatshalaliswa kwezimvu okungagunyaziwe ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, kunconywa ukuphatha imvu ebaluleke kakhulu futhi evelele. IMerino ithathwa njengezilwane eziqinile impela futhi ziyakwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Merino Cub
I-Merino yizilwane ezivundile kakhulu. Isikhathi sokuthomba kwabesifazane senzeka eneminyaka yonyaka owodwa. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, isikhathi sokukhwelana senzeka ngenkathi yasentwasahlobo. Ekhaya, umfuyi wezimvu unquma yedwa ngasiphi isikhathi ukuletha abantu besilisa nabesifazane. Isikhathi esivumayo kakhulu ukuphela kobusika nezinsuku zokuqala zentwasahlobo.
Kulesi simo, amawundlu asanda kuzalwa awasongelwa amakhaza. Abesifazane beMerino abavumi ngaso sonke isikhathi abesilisa abanikezwa ngumfuyi. Uma, emhlanganweni wokuqala, insikazi ingadluli ukumboza, izilwane zobulili obuhlukile ziyahlanganiswa futhi ngemuva kwamasonto ambalwa. Uma umzamo wehluleka, akusizi ngalutho ukuwaxuba.
Uma kwenzeka ukuthi ukuletha izimvu kusenokwenzeka, kwenzeka ukukhulelwa. Kuthatha isilinganiso samaviki angama-21-22. Ngalesi sikhathi, owesifazane okhulelwe udinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile nokudla okunomsoco. Owesifazane oyedwa ovuthiwe ocansini angazala ngasikhathi sinye kusuka kwewundlu elilodwa kuya kwamathathu amancane. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-20 izelwe, izingane ezizalwayo zidinga ubisi lukanina futhi ziluncele ngenjabulo. Ayaqina futhi athole amandla ngokushesha okukhulu. Amawundlu adla ubisi lukamama ezinyangeni zokuqala ezi-2-3.
Ngemuva kwalokho, baqala ukudla kancane ukudla kokutshala okudliwa ngabantu abadala. Cishe isikhathi esingangonyaka, bakulungele ukuphila impilo engayedwa, yokuzimela futhi, lapho sebethomba, bahlukaniswe ngokuphelele nabazali babo. Abantu abasha bakulungele ukukhwelana nokuzala izingane, kanye nesizukulwane esidala. Isikhathi sokuphila esilinganiselwe cishe siyiminyaka eyi-7. Amanye ama-subspecies aphila ngokwesilinganiso seminyaka eyi-12-15.
Izitha zemvelo zemerino
Isithombe: Ibukeka kanjani i-merino
Lapho izilwane ze-merino zihlala ezimweni zemvelo, zinezitha ezimbalwa. Ingozi enkulu ezilwaneni imelwe yizingwenya ezinkulu ezinosawoti, ezihlasela izilwane ngesikhathi sokunisela. Ngaphezu kwezingwenya, izimvu zivame ukuzingelwa yizinja zasendle zase-Australia, iDingoes, kanye nezimpungushe namakati asendle.
Kumele uqaphele ukuthi izilwane zizwela kakhulu futhi zithinteka ezifweni ezithile. Isibonelo, zingafa kalula yingcindezelo yamabele ngoba zidukile emhlambini. Bayeke ukudla, bahambe kancane, ngenxa yalokho bafa ngenxa yokukhathala. Izilwane zizwela kakhulu ebumanzi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, bavame ukuthola i-pneumonia. Izimvu ziqala ukukhwehlela, cishe ziyeke ukudla, zinenkinga yokuphefumula futhi izinga lokushisa lomzimba liyakhuphuka. Uma lesi sifo singatholakali ngesikhathi esifanele futhi kungaqalwa ukwelashwa, isilwane sizokufa. Kuyadingeka ukunakekela izinselo zezilwane, uzihlanze ngezikhathi ezithile ukuvimbela ukubonakala kwezinselo zokubola.
Wonke umfuyi we-merino kufanele aqonde ukuthi kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka izilwane ngemithi yokwelashwa, lapho ingahlanza khona ijazi futhi isuse izimuncagazi. Imvamisa ngesikhathi sokudla, izilwane zingadla izitshalo ezinobuthi, ezingadleki kubo. Kulesi simo, isilwane singafa ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa kuphela. Esinye isizathu sokufa kwezimvu ukunakekelwa okungafanele, ukungalingani, ukudla okungafanele. Lezi zinto ziholela ekushodeni kwamavithamini, izifo zomgudu wamathumbu.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Merino Sheep
Namuhla, izilwane ze-merino zisatshalaliswa kabanzi njengezilwane ezifuywayo ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba. Zihlukaniswa ngokuzala okuphezulu kanye nokuvuthwa kokuqala kobulili. Abantu abanawo umthelela omubi kubukhulu besibalo sabantu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, bakha amapulazi ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba futhi bazalele lezi zilwane lapho ngezinga lezimboni. Ezifundeni eziningi, zikhiqizwa ukukhiqiza uboya bekhwalithi ephezulu. Yilolu hlobo loboya obubiza kakhulu emhlabeni wonke.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ukuthengwa okukhulu kakhulu futhi okubiza kakhulu koboya be-merino kwenziwa ngonyaka we-2006 ngenye yezindlu zemfashini. Ngemuva kwalokho kwathengwa cishe i-100 kilograms yoboya nge-420,000 USD.
Lo boya obumangalisayo busetshenziselwa ukwenza izinto zokuhlobisa, okokugqoka namakhaphethi. Ngokwemvelo, uboya balezi zilwane ezithile bunezimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu: kuyasiza ukufudumala ebusika futhi kuvikela ekushiseni ngokweqile ehlobo. Kubhekwa njenge-hypoallergenic ne-hygroscopic eluhlaza. Inzuzo ukuthi kusuka kukhilogremu elilodwa loboya be-merino, ungathola izinto zokusetshenziswa eziphindwe kathathu kunoboya bezimbuzi. Okunye okubalulekile yikhono lokususa umswakama, eligcina isilwane somile ezimeni zomswakama ophezulu, ubumanzi noma imvula. Ngokufanayo, umuntu ogqoka izingubo ezenziwe ngoboya uzovikelwa kumswakama.
I-Merino Ingabe uhlobo olumangalisayo lwezimvu, uboya bazo obugugu kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Abazithobeki ezimeni zokuphila futhi abadingi ukudla okunomsoco. Umuntu omdala ngamunye ukhiqiza amakhilogremu ayi-7 kuye kwayi-15 woboya minyaka yonke.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 26.07.2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 09/29/2019 ngo-21: 10
