Uma ukhuluma ngezinyoni ezidla inyama, umuntu ubabaza amandla abo, isivinini, ubuhlakani nokubona kwabo okubukhali. Zindiza esibhakabhakeni phezu kwamahlathi, amasimu, imifula, amachibi nolwandle, zishaya ngosayizi namandla azo. Ngaphezu kokubukeka, lezi zinyoni zinezinzuzo eziningi, futhi namuhla sizokhuluma ngokuningiliziwe ngomunye wabamele i-hawk - ukhozi.
Ukubukeka kokhozi
Ukhozi ingeyomndeni omncane wama-buzzard, ahunyushwe ukusuka esiGrekini, igama lawo lisho ukhozi lwasolwandle. Njengawo wonke amalungu ohlobo, ukhozi inyoni enkulu enobude bomzimba obungamasentimitha angama-75-100, amaphiko kuze kube ngamamitha ayi-2,5 nesisindo esingu-3-7 kg.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izinhlobo "zasenyakatho" zinkulu kunezinhlobo "zaseningizimu". Umsila futhi amaphiko okhozi ububanzi. Izinyoni zinemilenze eqinile enezinzipho ezicijile ezigobile, ezinzwaneni ezinde (ezingaba ngamasentimitha ayi-15) kunemikhono emincane yokwenza kube lula ukubamba inyamazane, ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi ezishelelayo.
ITarsu linqunu, alinazimpaphe. Uqhwaku olukhulu luyakhonkwa, luphuzi. Ngaphezulu kwamehlo aphuzi abona ngokucijile, imengamo ephezulu iyaphuma, ngenxa yalokho kubonakala sengathi le nyoni ikhophozele.
Okufanekisiwe ukhozi olunomsila omhlophe
Umbala wezimpaphe ubomvu kakhulu, ukufakwa okumhlophe kutholakala ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene ngezindlela ezihlukile. Kungaba yikhanda elimhlophe, amahlombe, i-torso, noma umsila. I-dimorphism yezocansi ayivelwanga kakhulu; ngababili, owesifazane angahlukaniswa ngosayizi wawo omkhulu.
Indawo yokuhlala yokhozi
Lezi zinyoni ezidla inyama zisabalele, cishe yonke indawo, ngaphandle kwase-Antarctica naseNingizimu Melika. Izinhlobo ezi-4 zokhozi zitholakala eRussia. Okuvame kakhulu ukhozi olunomsila omhlophe, oluhlala cishe yonke indawo lapho kunamanzi ahlanzekile noma anosawoti. Ukhozi olunomsila omude lungolwezinhlobo zama-steppe, ezihlala kakhulu eCaspian ziye eTransbaikalia. Ukhozi olwandle lwaseSteller itholakala ikakhulukazi ogwini lwasePacific.
Ukhozi lwasolwandle lwaseSteller lufanekiselwa
Ukhozi olunempandla uhlala eNyakatho Melika, kwesinye isikhathi endizela olwandle lwasePacific, kubhekwa uphawu USA futhi ukhonjiswe ejazini lezingalo nezinye izimpawu zombuso.
Esithombeni kunokhozi olunempandla
Ukhozi iScreamer luhlala eningizimu ye-Afrika futhi luyinyoni kazwelonke yamanye amazwe lapho. Izindawo zokuhlala ezinkulu kunazo zonke zitholakala ezindaweni eziphansi zeVolga naseMpumalanga Ekude, ngoba lezi zindawo zicebile ngezinhlanzi - ukudla okuyinhloko kwalezi zidliwayo.
Zonke izinkozi zihlala eduze nemithambo emikhulu yamanzi, ogwini lolwandle, izizalo zemifula, imifula namachibi. Bazama ukungandizeli ezinzulwini zomhlaba. Zivame ukufuduka, kepha uma imizimba yamanzi lapho ithola ukudla iqanda khona, khona-ke izinyoni zifudukela ngaseningizimu ebusika.
Umbhangqwana ngamunye ohlanganisiwe unensimu yawo, ahlala kuyo iminyaka. Imvamisa lokhu okungenani amahektha ayi-10 obuso bamanzi. Engxenyeni yabo yogu, bakha isidleke, baphile, bondle futhi bazalele amatshwele. Ngokuvamile izinkozi zichitha amahora azo okuphumula ehlathini elixubekile.
Esithombeni, ukhozi luyamemeza
Isimo nendlela yokuphila yokhozi
Izinyoni ziyashintsha, zizingela futhi ziqhuba ibhizinisi lazo ngezikhathi zasemini. Endizeni, kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokuziphatha - ukuhambisa phezulu, indiza esebenzayo nokudilika.
Ukuze indize izungeze indawo yayo futhi ihlole inyamazane ehlosiwe, le nyoni isebenzisa indiza endizayo, ishibilika ngemisinga yomoya ehambisa (ekhuphuka) ebambe amaphiko ayo abanzi. Lapho ukhozi selukubonile ukudliwa kwalo, lungasondela ngokushesha kulo, lushaye ngamandla amaphiko alo lukhule ngesivinini esifinyelela ku-40 km / h.
Lezi zinyoni ezinkulu azitshuzi kaningi, kepha uma zifunwa, ziwela phezulu, ziba nesivinini esifinyelela ku-100 km / h. Uma insimu yezindawo zokuzingela ingekho enkulu kakhulu, ukhozi lukhetha ipulatifomu yokubuka elungele lona futhi luhlole indawo ezungezile, lifuna inyamazane.
Ukudla kokhozi
Uma kubhekwa insimu okhethwe izinkozi kuyo yonke impilo, kulula ukucabanga ukuthi imizimba yamanzi iyimithombo eyinhloko yokudla kwabo. Izinyoni ezidla inyama zidla izinhlanzi nezinyoni zamanzi. Banikeza okuthandwa yizinhlanzi ezinkulu, ezinesisindo esingaba ngu-2-3 kg, njenge-coho salmon, i-pike, i-salmon ephinki, i-carp, i-sockeye salmon, i-carp, i-catfish ehlukahlukene, i-Pacific herring, i-mullet ne-trout.
Lokhu kubangelwa hhayi kuphela ukuthanda ukudla okuhle, kodwa futhi neqiniso lokuthi ukhozi alukwazi ukugcina inhlanzi encane ngezinzipho zayo ezinde. Isidlakela sibuye sondle nezinyoni ezihlala eduze kwemizimba yamanzi - idada, i-crested grebe, izinkukhu, izindwandwe, ama-coots.
Izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane nazo zifakiwe kwimenyu, lezi zingamadlwane, ama-raccoon, izingwejeje, amagundane. Ukhozi futhi lungabamba izinyoka ezahlukahlukene, amaxoxo, ama-crustaceans, izimfudu nezinye, kepha azithandi kangako kuye.
I-Carrion nayo ilungele ukudla, izinyoni azideleli imikhomo, inhlanzi, izidumbu zezilwane ezahlukahlukene eziphonswe ogwini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengesilwane esikhulu esidla ezinye, ukhozi alukuboni kuyihlazo ukuthatha inyamazane kubazingeli abancane nababuthakathaka, noma luze lutshontshele abanye abafo.
Ukhozi luthanda ukuzingela emanzini angajulile, kulezo zindawo lapho kunezinhlanzi eziningi khona futhi akunzima ukulithola. Njengoba isibonile isisulu, le nyoni iwela phansi njengetshe, ibambe inyamazane inyukele nayo emoyeni.
Izimpaphe azimanzi ngesikhathi sokuzingela okunjalo. Kwesinye isikhathi umhlaseli uvele ahambe phezu kwamanzi, acoshe izinhlanzi ezincane lapho. Kepha imvamisa inyamazane enkulu kakhulu, ukhozi luyakwazi ukubamba isisindo esifinyelela ku-3 kg. Uma isisindo kuvela ukuthi sisinda kakhulu, umhlaseli angabhukuda naso siye ogwini, lapho sizodla khona isidlo sasemini esiphephile.
Kwesinye isikhathi izinkozi ezimbili zizingela ndawonye, ikakhulukazi izilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu nezisheshayo nezinyoni. Esinye sezilwane esiphikisayo siphazamisa isisulu, kanti esesibili sihlasela ngokuzumayo. Ukhozi lukwazi ukubamba izinyoni ezincane emoyeni. Uma isisulu sikhulu, umhlaseli uzama ukundizela kuso esuka ngezansi bese, ephenduka, ehlaba isifuba ngozipho.
Ukhozi luphoqa izinyoni zamanzi ukuba zitshube, zizungeze phezu kwazo futhi zesabe. Lapho idada likhathala futhi libuthakathaka, kuzoba lula ukulibamba ulidonsele ogwini. Ngesikhathi sokudla, ukhozi lucindezela ukudla emagatsheni ezihlahla noma emhlabathini ngonyawo olulodwa, kuthi ngolunye umlomo nomlomo walo kudabule izicucu zenyama.
Imvamisa, uma kunezinyoni eziningana eziseduze, umzingeli ophumelela ngokwengeziwe uzama ukuthatha umhlalaphansi, ngoba ukuhlangana kwakhe okulambile kungahle kumphoqe ukuthi abelane. Izilwane ezinkulu zihlala isikhathi eside, cishe ikhilogremu elilodwa lokudla lingahlala ku-goiter, linikeze le nyoni izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Ukuzala nokuphila kokhozi
Njengezinye izinyoni zalolu hlobo, izinkozi zodwa. Kepha, uma inyoni eyodwa ifile, eyesibili ithola enye esikhundleni sayo. Kwenzeka okufanayo uma "umndeni" ungakwazi ukukhiqiza inzalo. Umbhangqwana wakhiwa usemncane, lokhu kungenzeka entwasahlobo nasebusika. Isikhathi sokuzalisa siqala ngoMashi-Ephreli. Ukhozi olusothandweni luzungeza esibhakabhakeni, luziphoza futhi lucwile kakhulu.
Esithombeni kunesidleke sokhozi olunemisila emhlophe
Ngemuva kokulungela isimo esifanele, abazali besikhathi esizayo baqala ukwakha isidleke, noma, uma abashadikazi sebekhulile, babuyisele unyaka odlule. Owesilisa uhlinzeka owesifazane ngezinto zokwakha, azibeka phansi. Isidleke soKhozi inkulu kakhulu, imvamisa iba cishe imitha ububanzi futhi ifike kutani ngesisindo.
Isakhiwo esinzima kangaka sibekwa esihlahleni esidala, esomile, noma edwaleni elizimele. Into esemqoka ukuthi ukwesekwa kufanele kumelane, futhi izidalwa ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba azikwazanga ukufika emaqanda nasemaphuphu.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-1-3, insikazi izalela amaqanda ama-1-3 amhlophe, amhlophe. Umama ozobeletha ufukamela i-clutch izinsuku ezingama-34-38. Izingane ezichanyuselwe azikwazi ukuzisiza ngokuphelele, futhi abazali bazondla ngemicu emincane yenyama nenhlanzi.
Esithombeni, ukhozi lutsho
Imvamisa kuphela iphuphu eliqine kakhulu elisindayo. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu, amaphuphu aqala ukundiza aphume esidlekeni, kepha ezinye izinyanga ezi-1-2 zihlala eduze kwabazali bazo. Izinkozi zivuthwa ngokocansi kuphela lapho zineminyaka engama-4 ubudala. Kodwa lokhu kuvamile, uma kubhekwa ukuthi lezi zinyoni ziphila cishe iminyaka engama-20.
