Le nyoni yase-Afrika ayinakudidaniswa nezinye. Kubalulekile ukuthi ihambe ngemilenze yayo emide, inikine izimpaphe ezimnyama ngemuva kwekhanda layo, ilungisa igama elinikezwe lona - inyoni kanobhala. Ngaphezu kokubukeka kwayo okungajwayelekile, le nyoni nayo idume njengombulali ongenazwela wezinyoka. Abantu bendawo bayayazisa futhi bayayihlonipha inyoni engunobhala ngalokhu, beyihlonipha ngenhlonipho yokuhlobisa amajazi ezikhali zaseSudan naseNingizimu Afrika.
Efanekiselwa ngamaphiko amakhulu asabalele ngokumangalisayo, inyoni engunobhala, ngokungathi kunjalo, ivikela izwe futhi ifanekisela ukuphakama kwesizwe saseNingizimu Afrika kunezitha zaso. Inyoni engunobhala yachazwa okokuqala ngusosayensi wezilwane uJohann Hermann ngo-1783. Le nyoni ibizwa nangokuthi "odla izinyoka", "herald" no "hypogeron".
Incazelo yenyoni kanobhala
Inyoni kanobhala ukuphela kwelungu lomndeni kanobhala weFalconiformes... Ithathwa njengenyoni enkulu ngenxa yamaphiko ayo amakhulu - ngaphezu kwamamitha amabili. Ngasikhathi sinye, isisindo sentaka sikanobhala asigudluli umcabango - ngu-4 kg kuphela, futhi nobude bomzimba abumangalisi - 150 cm.
Kuyathakazelisa! Kunezinguqulo ezimbili zemvelaphi yegama elingaziwa lenyoni. Ngokusho kokunye, okuvame kakhulu, "unobhala" wale nyoni yase-Afrika wateketiswa ngenxa yokuhamba kwayo okunamandla nezimpaphe ezinde ezimnyama ezinamathela ngemuva kwekhanda.
Onobhala nabasizi besikhonzi sekupheleni kweminyaka eyi-18-19 bathande ukuhlobisa ama-wigs abo ngokufana, okufana nehansi kuphela. Futhi, umbala ojwayelekile wezimpaphe zale nyoni ufana nezingubo zonobhala besilisa bangaleso sikhathi. Ngokwenye inguqulo, inyoni kanobhala yathola igama layo esandleni sokukhanya sabakholoni baseFrance, abezwa igama lesiFulentshi elithi "secrétaire" - "unobhala" egameni lesi-Arabhu elithi "inyoni yokuzingela" - "sakr-e-tair".
Ukubukeka
Unobhala wenyoni unombala wezimpaphe onesizotha. Cishe konke okumpunga, kuphenduka kube mnyama kusondele emsileni. Izindawo eziseduze kwamehlo nomlomo zibukeka ziwolintshi, kepha hhayi ngenxa yezimpaphe, kepha, kunalokho, ngenxa yokungabikho kwazo. Lesi yisikhumba esibomvu esingamboziwe ngophaphe. Ingathathi umbala, inyoni kanobhala ivelele ubukhulu bayo obungavamile: amaphiko amakhulu nemilenze emide ezacile. Izimpiko ziyamsiza akhuphuke emoyeni, azulazule ngokoqobo endaweni ephakeme. Futhi imilenze yokubopha imilenze iyadingeka ukuze kusukwe ukugijima. Yebo! Unobhala inyoni umgijimi omkhulu. Ingafinyelela ngejubane elifinyelela kuma-30 km ngehora nangaphezulu.
Kuyathakazelisa! Izimpaphe ezinde ezimnyama ezihlobisa ngemuva kwekhanda lenyoni kanobhala futhi ziyisici sayo sangaphandle esihlukanisayo, zinika abesilisa phakathi nesikhathi sokukhwelana. Zivuka ngemuva kwekhanda bese zinamathela ngaphezulu kwekhanda, zihambisane nemisindo eklabalasayo nokubhonga okwenziwa owesilisa, kubizwe insikazi.
Inyoni kanobhala nayo inentamo ende, eyenza ibukeke njengendlala noma ukhwekhwe, kodwa uma ukude. Lapho ihlolisiswa, kusobala ukuthi ikhanda likanyoni kanobhala lifana kakhulu nekhanda lokhozi. Amehlo amakhulu nomlomo onamandla we-crochet ukhaphela umzingeli ongathí sina kuye.
Indlela Yokuphila
Izinyoni zikanobhala zihlala ngazimbiliukuhlala uthembekile komunye nomunye impilo yonke... Kunezimo lapho lezi zinyoni zihlangana khona ngamaqembu, kepha hhayi isikhathi eside - kuphela emgodini wokunisela kuze kufike ukuphela kwenala yokudla. Ukuba khona noma ukungabi bikho kokudla okwenza inyoni kanobhala ihambe isuke kwenye indawo iye kwenye. Uncamela ukukwenza lokhu phansi, ehamba kwesinye isikhathi aze afike kumakhilomitha angama-30 ngosuku. Kungase kubonakale sengathi le nyoni ayikwazi ukundiza - ngakho ayivamile ukukwenza.
Khonamanjalo, inyoni kanobhala indiza kahle. Ukusuka kuphela kudinga ukugijima okuhloniphekile. Futhi akakutholi ukuphakama ngokushesha, kepha kancane kancane, ngokubonakala kusinda. Kodwa lapho inyoni kanobhala iphakama, isakaza amaphiko ayo amamitha amabili, kukhulisa umbukwane ngokukhazimula okukhulu. Ungabuka inyoni kanobhala emoyeni ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, lapho iduna lindiza phezu kwesidleke salo, ligade indawo.
Lezi zinyoni zichitha isikhathi esiningi emhlabathini, kodwa zithanda ukulala zichamisele amachwane ezihlahleni nasezidlekeni. Bazakhela imiqhele yama-acacias, bakhe amapulatifomu amakhulu (angaphezu kwamamitha amabili ububanzi) ngotshani, amaqabunga, umquba, izinsalela zoboya nezinye izinto zemvelo. Kuvele isakhiwo esihle esisongela ukuwa ngaphansi kwesisindo saso.
Kuyathakazelisa! Isidleke asakhiwanga unyaka owodwa. Zisuka kuye ziyofuna ukudla, izinyoni ezingunobhala zihlala zibuyela kuye lapho sekuyisikhathi sokuchamisela amaqanda.
I-secretary bird ingumzingeli ohlakaniphile. Ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene nezinhlobo zomdlalo, inamaqhinga namasu wayo esitolo. Isibonelo, ukuze abambe inyoka, lo mdli ohloniphekile odla izinyoka wenza ama-run ngobuqili ngokushintsha njalo kokuqondisa. Inyoka, ekhohliswe ukunyakaza okungazelelwe okunjalo, ikhanda layo liyajikeleza futhi, lapho liphazamiseka, liba isisulu esilula.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho isempini nenyoka, inyoni engunobhala isebenzisa iphiko layo elikhulu njengehawu, iphindisela ukuhlasela kwesitha. Imilenze yenyoni, idonswe yaqina futhi yemisipha, nayo iyizikhali ezinamandla. Ukhahlela nabo ngesikhathi sokulwa kokulingana nezimbangi. Baphindisela kalula kalula ukuhlaselwa yinyoka, bayicindezele phansi. Imilenze yomuntu odla izinyoka ivikeleke ngokuthembekile ekulunweni okunoshevu ngezikali eziminyene. Futhi uqhwaku luqinile kangangokuba ngokushaya kwalo lungagaya hhayi kuphela ikhanda lenyoka, umgogodla wegundane, kodwa futhi negobolondo lofudu.
Kumdlalo omncane ocashe otshanini obukhulu, inyoni kanobhala isebenzisa le ndlela elandelayo: izungeza indawo, ishaya amaphiko ayo amakhulu otshanini, idale umsindo omangalisayo wamagundane asabekayo. Uma befihle emigodini, unobhala uqala ukugxoba imimese yakhe eceleni kwezindunduma ezincane. Akekho ongamelana nokuhlaselwa okunjalo ngemilingo. Isisulu sishiya indawo yokukhosela yethukile, futhi yilokho kuphela okudingwa ngumzingeli!
Ngisho nangesikhathi semililo, okungajwayelekile endaweni yase-Afrika, inyoni kanobhala iziphatha ngendlela ehlukile kwabanye abamele izilwane.... Akandizi futhi akabaleki emlilweni, kepha usebenzisa ukwethuka okujwayelekile ukuvula ukuzingela. Ngemuva kwalokho undiza phezu komugqa womlilo futhi aqoqe ukudla okuthosiwe emhlabeni oshile.
Isikhathi sokuphila
Isikhathi sokuphila kwenyoni kanobhala asiside - ubuningi beminyaka eyi-12.
Indawo yokuhlala
Inyoni kanobhala itholakala kuphela e-Afrika futhi kuphela ezimfundeni zayo nasezindaweni ezingama-savanna... Izindawo ezinokhuni nezindawo eziwugwadule zaseSahara azikulungele ukuzingela, ukubuyekeza nokusebenza ngaphambi kokuhamba. Ngenxa yalokhu, indawo yokuhlala yabantu abadla izinyoka ibekelwe indawo esukela eSenegal kuya eSomalia futhi iqhele kancane ngaseningizimu, eCape of Good Hope.
Unobhala wezinyoni odlayo
Imenyu yenyoni kanobhala yehluke kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwezinyoka zayo yonke imivimbo, kufaka phakathi:
- izinambuzane - izicabucabu, izintethe, amantombazane akhulekayo, amabhungane nawofezela;
- izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane - amagundane, amagundane, ama-hedgehogs, ama-hares nama-mongooses;
- amaqanda namachwane;
- izibankwa nezimfudu ezincane.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukuminza kwale nyoni kuyinganekwane. Kwake kwatholakala izinyoka ezintathu, izibankwa ezine nezimfudu ezincane ezingama-21 ku-goiter wakhe!
Izitha zemvelo
Izinyoni zikanobhala wabantu abadala azinazo izitha zemvelo. Kodwa amaphuphu asezidlekeni ezivulekile asengozini yangempela evela kwizikhova zase-Afrika namagwababa.
Ukuzala nenzalo
Isikhathi sokuzala sezinyoni zikanobhala sincike enkathini yemvula - Agasti, Septhemba. Kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhwelana, owesilisa ubheka owesifazane ngenkuthalo: uyamdansela, amculele izingoma, akhombisa ubuhle bendiza enjengegagasi futhi aqaphe aqaphe ukuthi akekho owesilisa ongena endaweni yakhe. Ukukhwelana, njengomthetho, kwenzeka emhlabathini, kaningi esihlahleni. Lapho konke sekwenziwe, owesilisa akayishiyi intombi yakhe, kepha uhamba yonke indlela yokulungisa isidleke, afukamele amaphuphu futhi awondle ndawonye "nomlingani", kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekugcineni. Ngenkathi insikazi ihleli emaqandeni, okuyizinsuku ezingama-45, uyinika ukudla, izingela yodwa. Ku-clutch yenyoni kanobhala, imvamisa, awekho ngaphezu kwamaqanda ama-3, amise okwamapheya futhi amhlophe okwesibhakabhaka.
Amachwane aqandusela kuwo kancane kancane, ngokulandela ukulandelana kwamaqanda - ngesikhawu sezinsuku ezimbalwa. Iphuphu lokugcina, elishiywe isikhathi ukufika kubafowethu / odade asebekhulile, linamathuba amancane okuphila futhi livame ukubulawa yindlala. Amachwane ezinyoni zikanobhala akhula kancane. Kubathatha amaviki ayisithupha ukuvuka ngezinyawo zabo kuthi amasonto ayi-11 ukuvuka ophikweni. Sonke lesi sikhathi, abazali babo bayabondla, okokuqala ngenyama egaywe kancane, bese kuba nezicucu zenyama eluhlaza.
Kwenzeka ukuthi iphuphu elingakakhuli liyeqa esidlekeni, likopishe indlela yokuziphatha kwabazali bayo. Kulokhu, ingane inezitha eziningi phansi futhi, yize abazali beqhubeka nokuyondla, amathuba okusinda mancane. Iphuphu elinjalo livame ukufa. Kwenzeka ukuthi kumatshwele amathathu, kusinda eyodwa kuphela, okungekho okuningi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Ngaphandle kokuthi abantu bendawo bayayihlonipha inyoni kanobhala ngokusiza ekuqothulweni kwezinyoka, noma kunjalo, kwesinye isikhathi abanankinga ngokucekela phansi izidleke zabo. Ukwengeza kulokhu izinga eliphansi lokusinda kwamantshontsho nokuncipha kwendawo okuhlala kuyo ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi nokulinywa kwabantu ngabantu - kwavela ukuthi le nyoni yayisongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Ngo-1968, i-African Convention on the Conservation of Nature yathatha le nyoni engunobhala.
