U-Leiopelma hamiltoni ungowekilasi lama-amphibians.
ILeiopelma Hamilton inebanga elincane kakhulu lendawo, okubandakanya kuphela iStephens Island, esiseMarlborough, ngasogwini lwesiqhingi esiseningizimu yeNew Zealand. Indawo yesiqhingi icishe ibe ikhilomitha elilodwa lesikwele, kanti lolu hlobo lwezilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini luhlala endaweni engamamitha-skwele angama-600. m ekugcineni kweseningizimu. Izinsalela zexoxo likaHamilton, elatholakala eWitoma, eMartinborough naseWyrarapa esiqhingini esisenyakatho seziqhingi zaseNew Zealand, zikhomba ukuthi loluhlobo lwalukade lubanzi ngokwendawo.
Izindawo ze-leamilopelma kaHamilton.
Amaxoxo kaHamilton anamahlathi asogwini ngokomlando, kepha manje le ndawo isikhawulwe ngamamitha-skwele angama-600 wezindawo ezinamadwala ezaziwa ngokuthi "ibhange lamaxoxo" eStephens Island Peak. Le ndawo ekuqaleni yayimbozwe uhlaza oluminyene, kepha ngokwandiswa kwamadlelo ezilwane zasemapulazini eziklabile, le ndawo yalahlekelwa yizindawo zayo zehlathi. Izingxenye zale ndawo zibuyiselwe esimweni sazo sangempela ngemuva kokwakhiwa kocingo lokuvimba ukuhamba kwemihlambi yezimvu.
Le ndawo imbozwe kakhulu izitshalo ezinotshani nemivini emincane. Imifantu eminingi ejulile edwaleni inikeza indawo yokuhlala epholile futhi enomswakama efanele amaxoxo. I-Leiopelma kaHamilton ihlala emazingeni okushisa asukela ku-8 ° C ebusika kuya ku-18 ° C ehlobo. Lolu hlobo lwama-amphibian alutholakali ngaphezu kwamamitha angamakhulu amathathu ngaphezu kogu lolwandle.
Izimpawu zangaphandle ze-leamilopia kaHamilton.
I-Leiopelma kaHamilton iningi layo linombala onsundu. Umugqa omnyama onsundu noma omnyama uwela ngaphesheya kwamehlo kulo lonke ubude bekhanda ohlangothini ngalunye. Ngokungafani namaxoxo amaningi, ahlukanise abafundi, iselesele likaHamilton linabafundi abayindilinga, okungajwayelekile kubantu basemanzini. Ngemuva, ezinhlangothini nasemilenzeni, imigqa yezindlala eziyimbudumbudu iyabonakala, okukhipha uketshezi olunuka kabi oludingekayo ukwethusa izilwane ezidla ezinye. Abesifazane bavame ukuba bakhulu kunabesilisa, nobude bomzimba obungu-42 kuye ku-47 mm, kanti abesilisa basuka ngosayizi kusuka ku-37 kuye ku-43 mm. Njengezinye izinhlobo zomndeni weLeiopelmatidae, zinezimbambo ezingahlangani nama-vertebrae. Amaxoxo amancane amakhophi amancane abantu abadala, kodwa anemisila kuphela. Ngesikhathi sokuthuthuka, le misila iyanyamalala kancane kancane, futhi ixoxo likaHamilton liqala ukuvela isigaba sokukhula somuntu omdala.
Ukuzalela ixoxo likaHamilton.
Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo ezihlobene, amaxoxo kaHamilton awahehi umlingani ngemisindo emikhulu. Azinazo ulwelwesi kanye nezintambo zezwi, ngakho-ke azilokothi zikhale. Kodwa-ke, izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini ziyakwazi ukukhipha ukukhala nokuncipha okuncane phakathi nenkathi yokuzalanisa.
Njengamaxoxo amaningi, ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, isele i-Hamilton lesele limboza insikazi ngemuva ngemilenze yayo.
Amaselesele kaHamilton azala kanye ngonyaka, phakathi kuka-Okthoba noDisemba. Amaqanda abekwa ezindaweni ezipholile, ezinomswakama, imvamisa ngaphansi kwamatshe noma izingodo ezikhona ehlathini. Zibekwe ezinqwabeni eziningana, ezivame ukuhlangana. Isibalo samaqanda sisuka kweziyisikhombisa kuya kweziyishumi nesishiyagalolunye. Iqanda ngalinye line-yolk elizungezwe i-capsule eminyene enezingqimba ezintathu: ulwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwe-vitelline, ungqimba oluphakathi lwe-gelatinous, nohla lwangaphandle oluvikelayo.
Ukuthuthuka kuthatha amasonto ayi-7 kuye kwayi-9 kubo, amanye amaviki ayi-11-13, ukuguqulwa kwexoxo kube yinto yabantu abadala, kuyilapho umsila umuncwa nezitho zomzimba zikhula. Intuthuko iqonde ngqo, njengoba onoshobishobi bengakhiwa, amaxoxo amancane angamakhophi amancane amaxoxo abantu abadala. Lonke ushintsho luthatha isikhathi esisukela eminyakeni emi-3 kuye kwengu-4 ngaphambi kokufinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi, ngalesi sikhathi amaxoxo amancane anobude obungu-12-13 mm.
Iduna lihlala endaweni lapho amaqanda abekwa khona, livikela i-clutch kusuka esontweni kuya kwinyanga eyodwa. Ngemuva kokubekwa kwamaqanda, kuvikela isidleke esinamaqanda, kugcina indawo ezinzile ekuthuthukiseni inzalo. Ukunakekelwa okunjalo kwenzalo kukhulisa amathuba okusinda kumaxoxo amancane ngokunciphisa i-predation futhi, mhlawumbe, nokuthuthuka kwezifo zefungal.
Impilo yamaxoxo kaHamilton ilinganiselwa eminyakeni engama-23.
Izici zokuziphatha kwexoxo likaHamilton.
Amaxoxo kaHamilton ahlala phansi, bonke abantu bahlala eduze komunye nomunye endaweni efinyelelekayo futhi ababonisi isimilo somphakathi.
Amaxoxo kaHamilton asebusuku. Zibonakala lapho kuhwalala futhi zivame ukusebenza ebusuku obunemvula nomswakama ohlobene kakhulu.
Amaxoxo kaHamilton anamehlo alungiselelwe kahle ukubona izithombe ezimeni zokukhanya okuphansi ngenxa yokuba khona kwenani elikhulu lamaseli e-receptor.
Umbala wesikhumba uyisibonelo sokuzivumelanisa nesizinda semvelo. Amaxoxo kaHamilton anombala onsundu ngokuluhlaza okotshani, okuwavumela ukuba azifihle phakathi kwamatshe azungezile, izingodo kanye nohlaza. Uma kuvela izilwane ezidla ezinye, izilwane eziphila ezweni nasemanzini ziba yiqhwa endaweni yazo, zizame ukuhlala zinganakwa, futhi zingahlala isikhathi eside, zifriziwe endaweni eyodwa, kuze kudlule usongo lokuphila. Amaselesele kaHamilton asabisa izilwane ezidla ezinye ezinesimo somzimba oqondile ngemilenze eyeluliwe. Ziyakwazi ukukhipha izinto ezinuka kabi ezisuka kwizindlala eziyimbudumbudu ukuze zigweme ukuhlaselwa yizilwane ezizingelayo.
Ukudla okunomsoco kwe-leamilopia kaHamilton.
I-Leiopelmas kaHamilton iyizinambuzane ezidla izinambuzane ezidla izinhlobonhlobo zezilwane ezingenamgogodla, kufaka phakathi izimpukane zezithelo, amakhilikithi amancane, ama-springtails namabhu. Amaxoxo amancane anama-20mm kuphela ubude futhi awanamazinyo, ngakho-ke adla izinambuzane ngaphandle kwesembozo esiqinile, njengemikhaza nezimpukane zezithelo.
Ukuziphatha kokudla kwamaxoxo kaHamilton kwehlukile kwamanye amaxoxo amaningi. Iningi lamaxoxo libamba inyamazane ngolimi olunamathelayo, kepha njengoba izilimi zamaxoxo kaHamilton zikhula ngaphakathi emlonyeni, lawa masele ase-amphibian kumele ahambise ikhanda lawo lonke phambili ukubamba isisulu.
Isimo sokulondolozwa kwe-leiopelma kaHamilton.
I-Leiopelma Hamilton iyisilwane esisengozini yokuqothulwa, esisohlwini lweRed Book nesigaba se-ICUN. Izibalo zakamuva zikhomba ukuthi sekusele amaxoxo angaba ngu-300 kuphela eStephens Island. Izinsongo zenani lama-amphibians angavamile zivela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye - i-tuatara negundane elimnyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona amathuba okufa uma ungenwe yisifo esiyingozi sefungal esibangelwa yi-chytrid fungus.
UMnyango Wezokongiwa waseNew Zealand uqapha izibalo zabantu ngabanye futhi uqala uhlelo lokubuyisela inani lamaxoxo aseHamilton ezingeni lawo langaphambilini. Izindlela zokuvikela izinhlobo zezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zibandakanya ukwakha uthango oluzungeze indawo evikelekile ukugcina izilwane ezidla ezinye zingasabalali, kanye nokuhambisa amanye amaxoxo esiqhingini esiseduze ukuze zizale ngokwengeziwe.
