Inyoni yasebukhosini. Imvamisa umbuso noma inkosi ingumnikazi womhlaba, izikhali, amabhizinisi. INdlovukazi yaseBrithani yaqhubeka. Inhloko yeNgilandi nayo inezinyoni, futhi ikakhulukazi ama-swans. Ngakho-ke, ensimini yaseBrithani abazithinti, besaba ukungena emgodini wenkosi. Kungani ama-swans ayeyifanele inhlonipho enjalo?
Incazelo kanye nezici ze-swan
Ukuba yindlovukazi yama-swans amaNgisi akuyona into enothando njengoba kubonakala. Amalungelo ezinyoni abangwa ngokususelwa ekunambithekeni kwezinyoni. Emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, babebhekwa njengendishi enhle, enikezwa etafuleni lobukhosi.
Ngakho-ke, amakhosi aseNgilandi athatha i-swan keeper ayibeka endaweni yabo. Kwakuvamise ukuba yisicukuthwane. Ngekhulu lama-21, lesi sikhundla sanikezwa uprofesa e-Oxford University. Ubhekene nokubala izinyoni nokuhlela ukwesekwa kwezinombolo zazo.
Encazelweni yangempela yezimpaphe, kukhona nokuthandana okuncane kunamayunithi wezisho, izinganekwane. Ngokwesibonelo, kunenkulumo ethi “ingoma yeswan". Leli yigama lendalo yobuhlakani, eyadala ukuthi abalobi bathathe umhlalaphansi noma bafe. Ingoma yangempela ye-swan ifana nokukhala, futhi kubantu abasha - ukukhonkotha.
Isingathekiso esithi "swan neck" sinenhloso. Mude impela ezinyonini, ulingana nobude bomzimba. Intamo enjalo ihlukanisa ama-anseriform amaningi, okungewona ama-swans. Ngebala, zimhlophe, zimnyama futhi mpunga.
Lalela izwi likaswan
Zonke izinyoni zinkulu futhi zinamandla, ngenxa yokuthi ziphakamisa ubukhulu bazo kahle. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi esiningi, noma yikuphi i-swan uqhuba emanzini. Lapha intamo ende yesilwane iyayivumela ukuthi ikwazi ukudoba ukudla kusuka phansi. AmaSwans ahamba kanzima, ngoba anemilenze emifushane. Izitho zezinyoni, ngasendleleni, zibomvu tebhu. Umlomo unombala ophuzi, mkhulu.
I-Swan - inyoni yenkosi... Lesi sihloko sinikezwa isilwane ngenxa yomusa nobuhle baso. Ngezinyoni eziyi-15-18 kg zibukeka zinhle ngokweqile. Izinyoni nazo ziyahamba. Okuhlukile ukuhamba. Emhlabathini, izilwane ziyazulazula ngapha nangapha, njengamahansi ajwayelekile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa wonke ama-swans.
Izinhlobo zama-swans
I-Swan esithombeni sinobukhulu obumaphakathi futhi bukhulu, bumnyama futhi bukhanya, ngomlomo obomvu noma ophuzi. Umehluko ubangelwa ukwehlukahluka kwezinhlobo. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphansi ezi-7 zama-swans:
1. Tundra. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ibizwa ngokuthi incane, ngoba incane kakhulu ezihlotsheni zayo. Inyoni isisindo esifinyelela ku-6 kilograms. Amaphiko wesilwane angamasentimitha ayi-110. Izimpaphe zimhlophe qwa. Imilomo engenhla yenyoni iphuzi, ayifinyeleli emaphethelweni omkhondo wamakhala.
2. Ubani. Amagunya alo aphuzi ahlukene, afinyelela emakhaleni. Isisindo se-Whooper sisuka ku-7 kuye ku-14 kilogram. Izimpiko ezinamaphiko cishe zingamasentimitha angama-270. Uma abanye izinhlobo zama-swans ukubekezelela ukuphola, izifutho ziyi-thermophilic, ezihlala ezindaweni eziseningizimu kuphela. Umbala wesilwane umhlophe.
3. Thulisa i-swan... Futhi kumhlophe njengeqhwa, kepha kukhona ukuqhakaza kwe-ocher ekhanda nasentanyeni. Isinda cishe amakhilogremu ayi-14. Amaphiko empiko yezimpaphe afinyelela kumasentimitha angama-240. Le nyoni inomlomo obomvu, kanti i-elytra yayo imnyama.
4. Icilongo. it I-Swan Emhlophe... Njengesimungulu, inamabhantshi entanyeni nasekhanda. Kodwa-ke, umlomo wenyoni umnyama bhuqe futhi unesisindo esingamakhilogremu ambalwa ngaphansi.
5. Inkumba yaseMelika. Inekhanda eliyindilinga nentamo emfushane kunamanye amalungu ohlobo. I-swan yaseMelika inesisindo esiphezulu samakhilogremu ayi-10. Uqhwaku lwenyoni lwaphezulu luphuzi ngokugqamile, lufinyelela emakhaleni, njenge-whooper.
6. Inkunzimalanga yentamo emnyama. Kancane kancane kune-tundra. Imvamisa isisindo sesilwane singama-6.5-7 kilograms. Umzimba wezimpaphe umhlophe, nentamo, njengoba negama lisho, imnyama. Uqhwaku lohlobo lubomvu.
7. I-Swan Emnyama. Inyoni umnyama bhuqe, umlomo wayo ubomvu ngokuphelele. Ubuningi besilwane buncane, njengasezinhlotsheni ezinentamo emnyama. Amaphiko enyoni angamamitha amabili.
I-dimorphism yezocansi ayenziwa kuma-swans. Abesifazane abahlukile kwabesilisa ngombala noma ngosayizi. Lesi sakamuva, ngendlela, singabonisa ukuthembeka kobulili obufanayo. Izinsikazi ezimnyama, ngokwesibonelo, kwesinye isikhathi ziyahlangana ngazimbili, ziqhuba insikazi ebekele amaqanda esidlekeni. Abesilisa bayafukamela futhi bakhulise inzalo ngokwabo.
Indawo yokuhlala kanye nendlela yokuphila
Wonke ama-swans ahlala eduze kwamanzi, njengoba ethola ukudla kuwo. Kodwa-ke, izindlela zokudla nezokushisa zezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinkukhu ziyahlukahluka:
- ama-tundra swans adla izinhlanzi ezincane, izilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini kanye nezitshalo, izidleke emaxhaphozini eKola Peninsula naseChukotka.
- U-Whooper ukhetha ugu olunophahla lwamachibi afudumele namakhulu nolwandle, abamba ulwelwe nezinambuzane ezincane ezingenamgogodla kuzo.
- Isimungulu esiyisimungulu sidla ama-crustaceans, ama-molluscs nezitshalo ezingaphansi kwamanzi, sizifuna emachibini ase-Europe nase-Asia.
- icilongo lithanda amachibi angajulile enkabeni nasenyakatho neMelika, ludla izimila ezingaphansi kwamanzi kanye nezimbaza.
- I-swan yaseMelika ijwayelekile ehlathini-leTundra leNew World, lapho lihlala khona osebeni olugcwele imifula, amaxhaphozi, amachibi nokudla hhayi kuphela ezitshalweni zasemanzini nasezilwaneni, kodwa nasezinhlamvwini zamabele emasimini.
- Ama-swans anentamo emnyama ahlala eNingizimu Melika, ikakhulukazi eChile nasePatagonia, ebusika eBrazil futhi akadli izitshalo nezilwane zasemanzini kuphela, kepha nezinambuzane.
- I-black swan ihlala e-Australia naseziqhingini eziseduze, ikhetha imizimba yamanzi emisha nengajulile, futhi ingumuntu odla imifino kuphela.
Ama-swans amhlophe - abesifazane nabesilisa
Ukufuduka kwe-swan bird noma cha? Umbuzo ubalulekile, ngoba abanye abantu ngisho nabantu abasuswa emakhaya abo ebusika. Lokhu kwenzeka ezindaweni ezifudumele. Ngakho-ke, ama-swans anentamo emnyama awasuswa eningizimu yezwekazi minyaka yonke. Izindiza ezinde zivame ukwenziwa ngabantu basenyakatho. ERussia, ngokwesibonelo, zonke izinhlobo zezinyoni ezine ezihlala ezweni ziyasuswa emakhaya azo:
- Tundra.
- Thulisa
- Whooper.
- WaseMelika.
Izindiza ezindizayo kwenzeka ngephethini yesigaxa. Umuntu oqinile uhamba ekhanda lakhe. Imisinga enamandla yomoya evela ngaphansi kwamaphiko ayo idluliselwa kulabo abandiza ngemuva. Ngakho-ke ama-swans abuthakathaka ekugcineni kokhalo athola ukwesekwa, ngaphandle kwesigameko bafika ezindaweni zobusika.
Sebefikile kule ndawo futhi bahlala phansi echibini, izinyoni zimangaza izethameli ngomusa wazo. Akuvezwa kuphela ekubonakaleni kwezinyoni, kodwa nangendlela yokuhamba. Aziphuthumi, zibushelelezi. Kukhona ukuzola nokuzethemba ekuhambeni kwama-swans.
Uma ingozi ifika ngesimo sokhozi olusagolide noma umfula i-osprey, ama-swans angena ngaphansi kwamanzi noma, eshesha kuwo, avuke ngephiko. Into enzima kakhulu kuma-Anseriformes ukucasha ngenkathi usemhlabathini. Ukusheshisa okude kuyadingeka. Emanzini, izigwedlo ezinjengezigwedlo zisiza ukukhipha umzimba ngaphandle. Emhlabathini, kunzima kakhulu ngezinyoni ukuphakamisa umzimba ongamakhilogremu ayi-15.
AmaSwans yizinyoni zendawo, azithandi abantu ongabazi emazweni ahlala kuwo. Ama-anseriform awo ahlukaniswe ngababili. Akusizi ngalutho ukuthi i-epithet "swan swan" ikhona. Izinyoni azithembekile kuphela kubalingani bazo, kepha azihlukani nazo, zihlala njalo emndenini.
Ukushayela abantu ongabazi, ama-swans agobisa izintamo zawo futhi ahonye njengezinyoka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyoni zazelula amaphiko azo anamandla. Amandla okushaywa kwabo, ngasendleleni, akwanele ukuphula amathambo omuntu omdala.
Inkolelo yokuthi inyoni yasebusika ebusika ehlotshaniswa nokunamathiselwa kwezilwane emakhaya abo. Uma kubanda kuzo, izinyoni zihlehlisa ukukhwelana nokuzala izingane kuze kube izikhathi ezingcono.
Uma kungekho kudla, ama-anseriformes alamba ukukhathala, kepha angahambi. Lesi ngesinye sezizathu zokufakwa kwazo zonke izinhlobo zama-swans eRed Book. Ukucekela phansi uhlobo, kwanele ukubhubhisa izindawo ezikhethwe yilo. Izinyoni azikwazi ukujwayela ezintsha.
Ukudla kwe-Swan
Intamo yeswan ivumela ukuthi yehlise ikhanda layo liye ekujuleni kwemitha. Emizimbeni yamanzi engajulile, lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi uthwebule udaka ngomlomo, futhi kufihlwe kuwo:
- ama-crustaceans
- izimbaza
- izibungu
- izimpande zezitshalo
Ngaphandle kokufinyelela ezansi, izinyoni zibamba iziqu zotshani ne-algae, izinhlanzi ezincane. Ezinye izinhlobo zama-swans nazo zondla uhlaza lwasemhlabeni. Ngakho-ke, utshani buvame ukukhiwa bezungeze izidleke zezinyoni. Emasimini, izinyoni zazithanda okusanhlamvu, ikakhulukazi okusanhlamvu kwazo.
Abamele bezinhlobo zaseMelika abanandaba nokudla ummbila namazambane. Ngaphandle kokushiya amanzi, izilwane zikha amahlamvu eminyezaneni yasogwini, zigobise amagatsha emifudlaneni.
AmaSwans athola ukudla ngokufaka amakhanda emanzini
Ebusika, amahlamvu ayandiza, futhi amadamu ambozwe yiqhwa. Swans - izinyoniukuxazulula inkinga, ukundizela ezifundeni ezifudumele noma ukushintsha indlela odla ngayo. Ukujabulela izipho zamasimu emakhazeni, isibonelo, cishe zonke izinhlobo zama-anseriformes aziphikisi. Usuku olulodwa, iqhawe le-athikili lidla cishe ikota yesisindo sakhe. Ekuthunjweni, izinyoni azivunyelwe ukunikela:
- Isinkwa esimnyama. Uhlelo lokugaya ukudla lwezinyoni alulugxilisi, olugcwele izifo.
- Ukudla okonakele. Ukusetshenziswa kwabo kuholela ekufakeni ubuthi ekudleni.
- Isinkwa esimhlophe. Kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile kokudla kwezinyoni emachibini epaki. Kodwa-ke, umkhiqizo uyingozi kuma-swans.
Ukudla okuphelele okuhambisanayo ekuthunjweni yikho:
- irayisi elishubile, amabele
- ukudla okuhlanganisiwe ngaphandle kasawoti
- okusanhlamvu
- imifino
- imifino ehlutshiwe
Ukudla kwezilwane kwama-swans kuthathelwa indawo yimfucuza yokukhiqiza, amaqanda. Esikhundleni samanzi, izinyoni zithanda ukuthambisa ubisi. Njengesengezo sokudla sonyaka obandayo, ama-swans abona imvubelo. Ngesisindo, kufanele babe uhhafu wephesenti wokudla.
Le yindlela amatshwele ahamba ngayo kumama
Ukuzala kanye nesikhathi sokuphila
Ama-Anseriformes akha izidleke ngamamitha ayi-2-3 ububanzi. Njengonogolantethe, ama-swans abelokhu esebenzisa izitsha iminyaka eminingi, ebafaka minyaka yonke. Yakha ngamahlamvu nyakenye, amahlumela, amakhambi owomile. Ikakhulukazi abesifazane abakha isidleke. Emva kwalokho, izalela amaqanda amathathu kuye kwayisi-5 bese iyawafukamela, ishintsha neyesilisa izinsuku ezingama-40.
Ama-swans wesilisa afukamela amaqanda kakhulu, angahlala eduze, noma akhohlwe ukuvula i-clutch. Uma ukushiyeka kuvumela amaphuphu ukuba aphile, inzalo ikhula kuphela lapho ineminyaka engu-4. Esikalini sempilo yama-swans, isibalo sincane.
Ubudala bezinyoni okungenani buyiminyaka engama-20. Ama-swans amaningi ahlala ku-30-40. Izinganekwane zilandisa ngezilwane ezineminyaka engu-150 ubudala. Impilo ende enjalo ayiqinisekisiwe ngokwesayensi.
Isidleke Swan ngenzalo
Noma kunjalo, ezingxoxweni ngesihloko, inyoni enjani, izinganekwane ezengeziwe. "Zondliwe" ngezinganekwane nezinganekwane. Kukhona ama-swans kanye namaphasela kaBaba Yaga, namakhosana athakazelisayo, namakhosazana azelwe kabusha.
