Isigaxa esibukekayo (Somateria fischeri).
Izimpawu zangaphandle zomuntu obabazekayo
I-eider ebukekayo inobude bomzimba cishe obuyi-58 cm, isisindo: kusuka ku-1400 kuya ku-1800 amagremu.
Incane kunezinye izinhlobo ze-eider, kepha izilinganiso zomzimba ziyefana. I-eider ebukekayo ingabonakala kalula ngombala wezimpaphe zekhanda. Ubuningi kusuka kuqhwaku kuya emakhaleni nasezibukweni kuyabonakala noma nini onyakeni. Izimpaphe zowesilisa nowesifazane zihlukile ngombala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbala wezimpaphe nawo ungaphansi kwezinguquko zonyaka.
Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, kowesilisa osekhulile, maphakathi nomqhele nangemuva kwekhanda kuluhlaza okomnqumo, izimpaphe ziqhuqhile kancane. Idiski enkulu emhlophe enengubo emnyama ezungeze amehlo iqukethe izimpaphe ezincane eziqinile futhi ibizwa ngokuthi 'izibuko'. Umphimbo, isifuba esingenhla nesifunda esisezingeni eliphezulu simbozwe izimpaphe ezigobile, ezinde, nezimhlophe. Izimpaphe zomsila, ngenhla nangaphansi emuva zimnyama. Izimpaphe zokumboza amaphiko zimhlophe, ziqhathaniswa nezimpaphe ezinkulu zekhava kanye nezinye izimpaphe ezimnyama. Izindwangu ezingaphansi ziyashunqa ngentuthu, izindawo ezingama-axillary zimhlophe.
Izimpaphe zowesifazane zinombala onsundu ngokubomvu futhi zinemigqa emibili emikhulu ye-eider nezinhlangothi ezimnyama.
Inhloko nengaphambili lentamo zilula ukudlula ezeduna. Izingilazi zinombala onsundu ngokukhanyayo, azibonakalisi kangako, kodwa zihlala zibonakala ngenxa yokuqhamuka ezakha nebunzi elinsundu kanye ne-iris emnyama yamehlo. Iphiko elingaphezulu linombala onsundu onsundu, ingaphansi lingelincanyana ngokumpunga onsundu ngezindawo eziphaphathekile esifundeni se-axillary.
Zonke izinyoni ezincane zinombala wezimpaphe njengabesifazane. Kodwa-ke, imivimbo emincane phezulu nezibuko ayibonakali kahle, noma kunjalo iyabonakala.
Izindawo zokuhlala ze-eider ekhanyisiwe
Izidleke ze-eider ezibukekayo ku-tundra yasogwini nasendaweni maphakathi nezwe, kuze kufike ku-120 km ukusuka ogwini. Ehlobo, itholakala emanzini asogwini, amachibi amancane, imifudlana yamaxhaphozi nemifula ye-tundra. Ebusika kuvela olwandle oluvulekile, kuze kufike emngceleni oseningizimu webanga.
Ukusabalala kwe-eider ekhanyisiwe
I-eider ekhangayo isakazeka ogwini lwase-Eastern Siberia, ingabonakala kusukela emlonyeni weLena kuya eKamchatka. ENyakatho Melika, itholakala ogwini lwasenyakatho nentshonalanga ye-Alaska kuze kufike emfuleni iColville. Izindawo ahlala kuzo ebusika zisanda kutholakala, eqhweni eliqhubekayo phakathi kweSt. Lawrence nesiQhingi SikaMatthew oLwandle iBering.
Izici zokuziphatha kwe-eider ekhanyisiwe
Imikhuba yokuziphatha yensizwa ekhangayo ayifundwa kangako; ingaphezu kwenyoni efihlekile nethule. Uzijabulisa kakhulu nezihlobo zakhe, kepha ukwakheka kwemihlambi akuyona umcimbi obaluleke kangako uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo. Ezindaweni zokuzalela, i-eider ekhanyayo iziphatha njengedada emhlabeni. Kodwa-ke, ubukeka kabi kakhulu. Ngenkathi yokukhwelana, i-eider ekhanyisiwe yenza imisindo yokukhala.
Ukuzala okukhanyisayo
Umgibeli obabazekayo mhlawumbe wenza ama-pair ekupheleni kobusika. Izinyoni zifika ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke ngoMeyi-Juni, lapho amabhangqa asevele akha. Zikhetha izindawo ezihlukanisiwe zokwakha izidleke, kepha zihlala ngokukhululeka emakoloni, imvamisa zisondelene namanye ama-anatidae (ikakhulukazi amahansi nama-swans).
Isikhathi sokwakha isidleke sihambisana nokuncibilika kweqhwa.
Insikazi ingabuyisa isidleke esidala noma iqale ukwakha esisha. Inesimo sebhola, esinikezwa esidlekeni izitshalo ezomile ne-fluff. Ngaphambi kokuchanyuselwa, abesilisa bashiya izinsikazi bese befudukela kolwandle iBering.
Ekubambaneni kwe-eider ekhanyisiwe kunamaqanda ama-4 kuye kwangama-5, insikazi ewafukamela yodwa cishe izinsuku ezingama-24. Uma le nzalo ifa ekuqaleni kwesizini, ngenxa yokudliwa izimpungushe, iminki, ama-skuas noma ama-seagulls, insikazi yenza i-clutch yesibili.
Amachwane we-eider ekhanyayo azimele. Usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili ngemuva kokuphuma eqandeni, ziyakwazi ukulandela unina. Kodwa inyoni endala ihola amaphuphu amanye amasonto amane, aze aqine ngokuphelele. Abesifazane bashiya izindawo zokwakha izidleke nezinyoni ezincane ngemuva kokuba sebethathe iphiko. Bachitha kude nolwandle.
Ukudla okubabazekayo
I-Spideracled eider iyinyoni ekhiqiza omnivorous. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, ukudla kwe-eider ekhangisiwe kuqukethe:
- izinambuzane,
- izimbaza,
- ama-crustaceans,
- izitshalo zasemanzini.
Ehlobo, ibuye idle izitshalo zasemhlabeni, amajikijolo, imbewu, futhi igcwalise ukudla kwayo ngama-arachnids. Umgibeli obukelwayo akavamile ukucwila, ikakhulukazi uthola ukudla kungqimba lwamanzi angaphezulu. Ebusika, olwandle oluvulekile, izingela ama-mollusk, ewafuna ekujuleni okukhulu. Izinyoni ezisencane zidla izibungu ze-caddis.
Inani lama-eider akhanyisiwe
Inani labantu emhlabeni le-eider ekhonjisiwe lilinganiselwa kubantu abangama-330,000 kuya ku-390,000. Yize kwenziwe imizamo yokuvimbela ukwehliswa okukhulu kwezinyoni ngokuzala okuthumekile kwama-eider, lesi silingo asivelanga nemiphumela emincane. Ukwehla okufanayo kwenani lama-eider akhanyisiwe kwaphawulwa eRussia. Ebusika ngo-1995, kwabalwa abangu-155,000.
Inani labahlaseli ababukiwe eRussia lisanda kulinganiselwa ku-100,000-10,000 lokuzalisa ngababili kanye nabantu abangaphezu kuka-50 000 kuya ku-10 000 abangaphezu kwamandla abo, yize kunezinga elithile lokungaqiniseki kulezi zilinganiso. Izibalo ezenziwa eNyakatho Alaska ngesikhathi sika-1993-1995 zikhombisa ukuba khona kwezinyoni ezingama-7,000-10,000, kungabikho zimpawu zokwehla.
Ucwaningo lwamuva luthole ukugxilwa okukhulu kwe-eider ekhanyisiwe oLwandle iBering eningizimu yeSt. Lawrence Island. Okungenani izinyoni ezingama-333,000 zasebusika kulezi zindawo emihlambini yohlobo olulodwa eqoqweni leqhwa loLwandle iBering.
Isimo sokongiwa kwesidalwa esibukwayo
I-Spideracled eider iyinyoni engajwayelekile, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yendawo yayo encane yokwabiwa. Esikhathini esedlule, lolu hlobo lwalunokwehla kwamanani. Esikhathini esedlule, ama-Eskimo ayezingela ama-eider akhazimulayo, ebheka inyama yawo njengesibiliboco. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakusetshenziswa amagobolondo aqinile wesikhumba namaqanda. Enye inzuzo yesilwane esibukekayo, esidonsela ukunaka kwabantu, uhlelo lwemibala olungavamile lwezimpaphe zale nyoni.
Kwenziwe imizamo yokufuya izinyoni ekuthunjweni ukugwema ukwehla, kepha lokhu kwaba nzima ehlobo lase-Arctic elifushane futhi elinzima. Ama-eider abukekayo aqala ukukhishwa ekuthunjweni ngo-1976. Inkinga enkulu yokusinda kwezinyoni emvelweni indawo enembile yezindawo zokwakha izidleke. Kubalulekile ukukuthola futhi ukurekhode lokhu, ngoba indawo yokuhlala yale nyoni ingabhujiswa ngengozi, ikakhulukazi uma izidleke ze-eider ezikhanyayo zakha isidleke endaweni elinganiselwe.
Ukuze kulondolozwe umgibeli ongavamile, ngo-2000, i-United States yakhetha ama-62.386 km2 endawo ebucayi yasogwini lapho kwabonwa khona ama-eider abukekayo.
