I-Botia clown Ingabe inhlanzi evela emndenini oboshwe. Unokubukeka okucacile kakhulu nemibala ekhanyayo. Ungowabamele impilo yasolwandle, abakhetha ukuqala ezimeni ze-aquarium. Zingakhula zibe ngosayizi omkhulu ngokwanele, ngakho-ke awudingi i-aquarium encane. Futhi, abalimi bezinhlanzi kuzodingeka bacabangele ukuthi bathanda inani elikhulu lezindawo zokuhlala kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zohlaza. Emithonjeni ehlukahlukene yezincwadi, kuvame ukutholakala ngaphansi kwegama elithi makrakanta.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Clown Botia
Incazelo yokuqala yale nhlanzi ekhanyayo nenhle ngokungajwayelekile yayingo-1852 ngusosayensi nomhloli wamazwe waseDashi uBlecker. Ngo-1852, wayese-Indonesia futhi wabheka izinhlanzi isikhathi eside futhi eduze kakhulu. Uchaze ukuthi iziqhingi zaseBorneo naseSumatra zithathwa njengezwe lamahlaya. Ngenkathi yokuzalanisa, ziyasukuma futhi ziqongelele kakhulu emilonyeni yemifula.
Ividiyo: I-Botia clown
Baqala ukuvela njengezinhlanzi zasemanzini ngekhulu le-19. Isikhathi eside, bangeniswa njengabahlali be-aquarium abavela e-Indonesia. Namuhla zikhuliswa ngempumelelo ezindaweni zokugcina izingane ezikhethekile, noma ezimweni ezinamanzi. Ngo-2004, uMauris Kottelat walihlukanisa nohlobo lukaBotius waba uhlobo oluhlukile, oluzimele. Igama makrakantha livela olimini lwasendulo lwesiGreki. Kuhunyushelwe olimini lwesiRashiya, kusho ukuthi "ameva amakhulu". Leli gama kungenxa yobukhona bezinhlungu zokuvikela ezitholakala esifundeni se-infraorbital.
NgesiRashiya, izinhlanzi zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-clown ngenxa yombala wazo ogqamile futhi ongajwayelekile, kanye nesimo esibi futhi esisheshayo, sokudlala. Izinhlanzi zisakazeka ngokushesha cishe emhlabeni wonke njengezakhamizi zase-aquarium. Imindeni iphela iyazala.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: I-clown yokulwa ne-Rybka
I-Botia clown yinhlanzi enhle, ekhanyayo esayizi enkulu ngokwanele. Ubude bayo bufinyelela kumasentimitha angama-30-40. Ezimweni zemvelo, ezimweni zemvelo, imvamisa ayikhuli ifinyelele kusayizi. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ubukhulu bomzimba wakhe abudluli amasentimitha angama-25.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlanzi, zingama-100 eqiniso. Isilinganiso seminyaka yokuphila kwabo sidlula iminyaka engama-20. Inhlanzi inombala o-orenji okhanyayo, ocebile. Amajaji anombala o-orenji ogqamile futhi ogqamile. Kancane kancane, ngokuhamba kweminyaka, iyaphela. Ibanzi impela, imivimbo emnyama igijima emzimbeni. Umugqa wokuqala ugijima ngamehlo enhlanzi. Umugqa wesibili ugijima esifundeni se-dorsal fin. Lesi sakamuva silele ngaphambi komkhawulo we-caudal.
Inhlanzi inesiphetho esikhulu sangemuva. Imvamisa kuba mnyama, kucishe kube mnyama ngombala. Amaphiko aphansi ngokuvamile amancane ngosayizi, angaba mnyama, futhi angahle abe nombala obomvu. Amehlo ezinhlanzi makhulu impela. Abavikelwa yifilimu yesikhumba. Umlomo uhlelwe ngazimbili zamadevu aqondiswe phansi. Benza umsebenzi othintekayo. Udebe olungaphezulu lukhulu ngokubonakalayo kunolwangezansi, ngakho-ke umlomo uzizwa uphansi.
Izikali zezinhlanzi cishe azibonakali. Incane kakhulu futhi ifihliwe esikhunjeni. Njengoba izinhlanzi ziphila impilo engezansi, zinezindlala eziningi ezivuleka esifundeni samathumbu futhi zenza ukuhamba kwezinhlanzi ezansi kube nohlaza olunothile, amatshe, kanye nezimbambo. Leli khono lomzimba livikela umzimba wezinhlanzi ekulimaleni okungenzeka. Amazinyo awekho emlonyeni. Esikhundleni salokho, kukhona umugqa owodwa wamazinyo amaningi abukhali emathanjeni aphansi wepharyngeal.
Futhi, izinhlanzi zinemiqolo etholakala ngaphansi kwamehlo. Zingasongwa, noma zinganwetshwa. Banomsebenzi wokuvikela.
Kuphi ukulwa ne-clown?
Isithombe: Clown Botia emanzini
Izwe lomlando wezinhlanzi liyindawo eseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Izindawo ze-makracanth fish habitat:
- I-Indonesia;
- ISumatra;
- Iziqhingi zaseBorneo;
Ezimweni zemvelo, zingabantu abahlala emifuleni enobukhulu obuhlukahlukene. Ngokuvamile bahlala phansi. Ngenkathi yokuzala, zivame ukufuduka, kepha ngokuphela kwayo zibuyela ezindaweni zazo ezijwayelekile. Inhlanzi ingahlala emifuleni ngamanzi amile, nalapho kukhona umsinga khona. Ngesikhathi sesiphepho, bathuthela ezindaweni eziyizicaba ezigcwele imifula. Ingahlala yomibili imizimba yamanzi ahlanzekile, futhi ngasikhathi sinye lezo ezingcolisiwe.
Izinhlanzi zijwayela ngokushesha izimo ezintsha zokugcina, kufaka phakathi i-aquarium. Azidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, okusebenza kanzima. Ukwakha izimo ezikahle, bazodinga i-aquarium ebanzi, kucatshangelwa iqiniso lokuthi izinhlanzi zikhula zifike kumasentimitha angama-20-35. Kungcono ukubala i-aquarium ngokwesilinganiso yabantu abayi-3-6, ngoba ukulwa kwamahlaya kuthanda ukuhlala eqenjini.
Umthamo wamanzi ngesilwane ngasinye ungama-80-100 amalitha. Umbandela oyinhloko ukungabikho kwama-nitrate nokungcola okungeziwe emanzini. Ukuba khona kwama-nitrate kungaholela ekufeni kwezinhlanzi ezikhanyayo. Enye yezinqubo ezidingekayo yi-aeration nokuhlunga, izinga lokushisa lamanzi ngama-25-28 degrees. Kungcono ukumboza iphansi le-aquarium ngesihlabathi esigaxekile, noma ingxenyana encane yegravel, ngoba ukulwa kwamahlaya kuthanda ukuthinta phansi ngamadevu.
Kukhona nezidingo ezithile zokukhanyisa. Kungcono uma uhlakazekile futhi unqotshwe ngandlela thile. Lapho ukhetha uhlaza, kungcono ukukhetha izinhlobo ezinamahlamvu aqinile ukuze zingazidli. Kungaba izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-aquern fern, i-cryptocorynes, i-echinodorus, i-anibuas. Kunconywa ukumboza i-aquarium ngesembozo ukuze izakhamuzi zayo zingakwazi ukuphuma kuyo. Isinye sokubhukuda kwempi yamahlaya sehlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili ngohlobo lokwahlukanisa. Ingxenye engaphambili iboshwe kufakwe iphilisi lamathambo, ingxenye engemuva cishe ayikho.
Manje wazi konke ngokuqukethwe nokuhambisana kwempi yamahlaya. Ake sibone ukuthi yini oyidingayo ukondla izinhlanzi.
Ngabe ukulwa ne-clown kudlani?
Isithombe: Clown Botia
IMacracanthus ikhetha ngokuphelele ngokunakekelwa nangokondleka komzimba. Bangabizwa ngokuphepha ngokuthi izinhlanzi ezi-omnivorous. Lapho behlala ezimweni zemvelo, bakhetha ukudla okuvela ezitshalweni, kanye nezinambuzane, izibungu. Ukuzigcina ezimeni ze-aquarium ngeke kube nzima.
Okusebenza njengesisekelo sefolishi:
- zonke izinhlobo zokudla okuphilayo nokweqhwa kwenhlanzi;
- umbungu wegazi;
- ishubhu;
- umnyombo;
- izikelemu zomhlaba;
- izinhlobo zesibungu sezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene.
Umnikazi kufanele anakekele ukuhlanzeka kokuphakelayo, ngoba izinhlanzi zizwela kakhulu ekudleni, futhi zingagula kalula noma zitheleleke nge-helminths. Ukuze kuthembeke, izinhlobo eziphakelayo eziphilayo zinconywa ukuthi zifriziwe futhi ziphathwe ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate. Kodwa-ke, ukudla kwezilwane kukodwa akwanele. Izinhlanzi zithanda ukudla okwahlukahlukene, okulinganiselayo. Njengesengezo, ungangeza imifino ekudleni - i-zucchini, amazambane, ukhukhamba, ulethisi, isipinashi, imbabazane noma i-dandelion.
Ukudla kwemifino - imifino namakhambi kufanele kuqala kushiswe ngamanzi abilayo. Kuyadingeka ukwakha umbuso othile wokudla, kucatshangelwa iqiniso lokuthi umsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu wokudla ezinhlanzini ugcinwa ebusuku. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ngokuntuleka kokudla okunomsoco, izinhlanzi zokuzingela izinhlanzi, gazinga, imfanzi.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Clown wesilisa nowesifazane uBotia
Ama-clown wokuhamba ngesikebhe awazona nhlobo izinhlanzi ezizodwa, ahlala ngokukhethekile njengengxenye yeqembu, noma ngabe ahlala ezimweni zemvelo noma e-aquarium. Njengengxenye yeqembu, izinhlanzi zizizwa zikhululekile futhi zivikelekile. Babodwa, bavame ukwesaba ngokweqile, bangadli lutho futhi imvamisa bafa ekugcineni.
Uma inhlanzi ihlala yodwa e-aquarium ngaphandle kwama-congener ayo, ikhombisa ubudlova obungenacharacteristic kwabanye abamele lolu hlobo. Uma i-makrakanha ihlala eqenjini, ikhombisa ubumnandi, injabulo, nobungane kwabanye abantu bayo. Abanikazi balolu hlobo lwezinhlanzi bayazi ukuthi babonakala ngobuhlakani obuthile, banomlingiswa odlalayo futhi bamane bakhonze zonke izinhlobo zemidlalo. Bavame ukudlala ngokufihla omunye nomunye.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukulwa kwama-clown kwenza imisindo ethile efana nokuchofoza. Izazi ze-Zoologists zithi le misindo iyadingeka ukuvikela indawo yabo noma ngenqubo yokuzala kabusha. Endaweni ye-aquarium, imisindo enjalo ingazwakala ngenkathi udla. Ngaphandle kokuthi izinhlanzi zibhekwa njenge-benthic, zingabhukuda ngokuphepha ezinhlakeni ezahlukahlukene zamanzi, nasezinkomba ezahlukahlukene. Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezibuthuntu, ezihamba kancane azifanele ukugcina izinhlanzi emanzini.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Clown yokulwa nezinhlanzi
Ngesikhathi sokuzala ezimweni zemvelo, izinhlanzi zifudukela emachwebeni amadamu ezihlala kuwo. Ngalesi sikhathi, inqwaba yezinhlanzi inqwabelana lapho, hhayi lolu hlobo kuphela. Ngokwezibalo, kweminye imifula kuqoqwa izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-3-4 zezilwane zasolwandle.
Inqubo yokuzala yenzeka ngokubeka amaqanda. Izinhlanzi zizalela amaqanda phansi odakeni echibini abahlala kulo. Abantu bobulili besifazane bazalela amaqanda amakhulu, ubukhulu bawo obungu-3-4 mm. Izinhlanzi azifihli noma yiziphi izinto zokunamathisela nezicubu ze-adipose kanye ne-caviar, ngakho-ke zinamandla amancane futhi ngokushesha ziyacwila phansi. ICaviar inombala oluhlaza okotshani, owenza umsebenzi wokuvikela futhi uyifihle kahle phakathi kwezimila zolwandle.
Isikhathi sokufukamela ekushiseni okuphezulu, okungama-27-28 degrees, ngamahora angama-20-23. Izinhlanzi zama-Clown azivundisi kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi. Inani elijwayelekile lamaqanda liyizinkulungwane ezingama-3.5-5. Ukuthosa kuvela emaqandeni, akhula ngokushesha okukhulu, akhule futhi afane nabantu abadala. Ezimweni ze-aquarium, izinhlanzi azivamile ukukhiqizwa. Izikhathi eziningana bazama ukuzalanisa ngezinga lezimboni, kodwa le mizamo ayiphumelelanga. Kwamanye amazwe, kwenziwa amapulazi akhethekile lapho kukhuliswa futhi kukhuliswe khona ama-clown.
Izitha zemvelo zempi yamahlaya
Isithombe: Clown Botia emanzini
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, izinhlanzi zinezitha ezingaphikisani nokudla izinhlanzi ezikhanyayo, ezinemibala. Lokhu kufaka izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezilwane ezinkulu kunezimpi zama-clown. Zivame nokuzingelwa izinyoni zasemanzini. Kodwa-ke, izinhlanzi zinendlela yokuzivikela ephawuleka kakhulu - imicu ebukhali. Lapho kuvela ingozi, inhlanzi idedela ameva angalimaza umhlaseli ngendlela eyingozi. Amacala achazwa lapho izinyoni zibulawa ukungcola kwesisu lapho zihlatshwa ngameva abukhali enhlanzi.
Izinhlanzi zihlukaniswa ngomzimba oqinile ngokwanele futhi ozinzile, inqobo nje uma zigcinwa kahle futhi zinokudla okugcwele, okunomsoco. Kodwa-ke, kunezifo eziningi ezingabulala izinhlanzi.
Izifo zempi yamahlaya:
- izifo fungal;
- ukuhlulwa yi-helminths;
- izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane;
- ichthyophthyriosis.
Izimpawu zezifo ezivame kakhulu - ichthyophthyriosis ukubonakala ebusweni bomzimba wokuqubuka okumhlophe okufana ne-semolina. Izinhlanzi ziqala ukuklwebha amatshe amatshe, inhlabathi kanye namagquma ahlukahlukene okusiza. Ziyi-lethargic futhi entula isinyathelo.
Uma ungazinaki izimpawu futhi ungabasizi laba bantu base-aquarium, kungenzeka bafe. Ukwelashwa kuqukethe ukusebenzisa indlela ye-hyperthermia - ukukhuphuka kancane kancane kwezinga lokushisa lamanzi ku-aquarium kufika kuma-30 degrees. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, kudingeka ukuthi ushintshe amanzi kaningi futhi wenze i-aeration.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Clown yokulwa nezinhlanzi
Okwamanje, inani labantu abalwa ne-clown alikho engozini. Ngaphandle kokuthi azivundile kakhulu, izinombolo zazo azibangeli kukhathazeka. Izinhlanzi zitholakala emizimbeni eminingi yamanzi. Ngenxa yokuthi sebethuthukise ukuphefumula kwesikhumba namathumbu, bangaba semanzini anganothisiwe nge-oxygen. Inani labantu lihlala lizinzile ngenxa yokuntuleka kwama-clown akhethiwe ezimweni zokuboshwa.
Bangazizwa benethezekile emanzini angcolile. Inani lezinhlanzi alihlushwa yilokhu. Kwamanye amazwe, kuvele amapulazi akhethekile lapho lezi zinhlanzi zikhuliswa futhi zikhuliswe khona ngokungeyikho. Ukukhuthaza ukuzala ezimweni zokufakelwa, ichthyologists zisebenzisa izidakamizwa zehomoni.
Esinye isici ngenxa yokuthi inani lalaba bameleli lingahlupheki ukumelana komzimba nezifo ezahlukahlukene zezifo ezahlukahlukene. Kwezinye izifunda, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi yokuzala, izinhlanzi zibanjwa ngezinga lezimboni. Kodwa-ke, lolu hlobo lokuthwebula alinawo umthelela omkhulu kusayizi wabantu bonke.
I-Botia clown kungaba yindlela enhle yezilwane ezifuywayo ze-aquarium. Uma ubakhela izimo ezifanele zokuphila futhi ubanakekele kahle, nakanjani bazonikeza injabulo enkulu.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 23.07.2019
Usuku lokuvuselela: 09/29/2019 ngo-19: 21
