I-Waxwing - inyoni encane edlulayo engatholakala enkabeni yeRussia zombili ehlobo nasebusika. Yize ethanda ukuhlala ehlathini, angaya nasezindaweni zokuhlala, kwesinye isikhathi alimaze izitshalo ezingadini. Kepha lokhu kulinganiswa izinzuzo ezilethwa yi-waxwing - ibulala izinambuzane eziningi, kufaka phakathi eziyingozi.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Waxwing
Izinyoni zokuqala zavela ezihuquzelayo - ama-archosaurs. Kwenzeka eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-160 eyedlule, ososayensi banemibono eyahlukene ngokuthi imaphi ama-archosaurs aba okhokho bawo. Lokhu kuzokwenzeka ukusungula ngokunembile kuphela ngemuva kokuthi amafomu esikhashana aseduzane etholakale ngesimo semivubukulo.
Kuze kutholakale ukutholwa okunjalo, i-Archeopteryx efanayo edumile, ebithathwa njengefomu yesikhashana, empeleni, isivele ikude kakhulu nama-archosaurs angakwazi ukundiza, okusho ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane kufanele ukuthi zazikhona phakathi kwazo. Kunoma ikuphi, izinyoni ezindala kakhulu zazihlelwe ngendlela ehluke ngokuphelele uma kuqhathaniswa nalezo ezihlala emhlabeni namuhla.
Ividiyo: Waxwing
Lezo zinhlobo ezisindile kuze kube yilolu suku zaqala ukuvela kamuva, ePaleogene - okungukuthi, ngemuva kokuphenduka kweminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-65 BC, lapho kwaba khona ukuqothulwa okukhulu. Ikhuthaze ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, kufaka phakathi lokho kwezinyoni - umncintiswano waba buthakathaka kakhulu, ukukhululwa okuphelele kwaqala ukugcwala izinhlobo ezintsha.
Ngasikhathi sinye, kwavela abadlulayo bokuqala - okungukuthi, ukuxhunywa kungokwabo. Izinsalela ezindala kakhulu zabantu abadlulayo zitholakala eningizimu yezwe, cishe zineminyaka engama-50-55 million ubudala. Kucatshangwa ukuthi isikhathi eside babehlala eningizimu yezwe kuphela, ngoba izinsalela zabo zihlala enyakatho ye-hemisphere zibuyele emuva eminyakeni yokuqala eyizigidi ezingama-25-30.
I-waxwing yavela ngemuva kokuba abadlulayo benze lokhu kuthutha, futhi manje bahlala e-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika kuphela. I-waxwing ejwayelekile ichazwe nguK. Linnaeus ngo-1758 ngaphansi kwegama elithi Bombycilla garrulus.
Sekukonke, izinhlobo ezi-9 ze-waxwing zazikhonjwa phambilini, zihlanganiswe emndenini wegama elifanayo, kodwa-ke kwatholakala ukuthi umehluko phakathi kwazo mkhulu kakhulu, futhi zahlukaniswa kabili: ama-waxwings nama-silky waxwings.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Inyoni ekhukhumezayo
Le nyoni incane kakhulu: 19-22 cm ubude, futhi inesisindo esingu-50-65 amagremu. Kugqame ngoshova olukhulu. Ithoni yezimpaphe iyimpunga ngombala obomvana, amaphiko amnyama, aveze imivimbo emhlophe nephuzi. Umphimbo nomsila wale nyoni nakho kumnyama. Kukhona umugqa ophuzi onqenqemeni lomsila, futhi omhlophe emaphethelweni ephiko.
Le migqa emincane, ihambisana nombala obomvana, inika le nyoni ukubukeka okuhlukahlukene futhi okungajwayelekile esimweni sezulu esipholile. Uma ubheka izimpaphe zesibili buqamama, uzobona ukuthi amathiphu azo abomvu. Amachwane ayi-chestnut ephuzi, kanti izinyoni ezincane ezingakancibiliki zinezimpaphe ezinsundu ngokumpunga.
I-waxwing inomlomo obanzi futhi omfushane, imilenze enezinzipho ezigobile - zisetshenziselwa ukunamathela emagatsheni, kodwa kuyaphazamisa ukuba inyoni ihambe phezu kwazo. Ngesikhathi sendiza, ikwazi ukuthuthukisa isivinini esikhulu, imvamisa indiza iqonde, ngaphandle kwezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi nokujika okucijile.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Lezi zinyoni zingagcinwa ekhaya, yize kunzima ukuzithambisa, ngaphandle uma zisengamachwane. Kepha awukwazi ukuwagcina ngamunye ngamunye noma emakheji aminyene: aqala ukuzizwa edabukile futhi aphele amandla. Ukuze i-waxwing izizwe ijabule futhi ijabulise ngama-trill, udinga ukulungisa okungenani izinyoni ezimbili ndawonye bese uzinika ithuba lokundiza uzungeze ikheji.
Ihlala kuphi i-waxwing?
Isithombe: I-waxwing ejwayelekile
Ehlobo, ama-waxwings ahlala esiqeshini esibanzi sendawo yetaiga nasendaweni ezungezile, esukela eYurophu iye eMpumalanga Siberia e-Eurasia, nasezindaweni ezinezimo zezulu ezifanayo eNyakatho Melika. Bahlala ikakhulu emahlathini, bathanda ama-conifers noma axubekile.
Zingabonakala futhi ekuhlanzeni noma ezintabeni, uma zigcwele izimila. I-Waxworms ihlala endaweni enkulu: ayikhethi ngesimo sezulu, ingahlala ezindaweni eziphakeme ezahlukahlukene, kusuka ezindaweni eziphansi kuya ezintabeni. Ngaphezu kwakho konke bathanda lawo mahlathi lapho kukhona khona ama-spruces nama-birches.
Isici esibaluleke kakhulu lapho ukhetha indawo yokuhlala yale nyoni ukuba khona kwenani elikhulu lamajikijolo. Yingakho ethanda amahlathi ama-taiga acebile kuwo. Ingandizela ezingadini kanye namajikijolo akhiwe, kuyilapho ngisho nenyoni eyodwa encane ikwazi ukudala umonakalo omkhulu, ngoba inesifiso esihle kakhulu sokudla.
Ebusika, kubanda ama-waxwings asogwini, ngakho bathatha uhambo olufushane olubheke eningizimu. Ngokungafani nalabo abafudukayo, abathatha uhambo olude isikhathi eside, i-waxwing ibizwa ngokuthi inyoni emizulane. Undiza asondele kakhulu - imvamisa amakhilomitha angamakhulu ambalwa.
Lokhu ikwenza kuphela ngemuva kokuwa kweqhwa, noma amakhaza isikhathi eside - ngakho-ke, noma ngoDisemba, kwesinye isikhathi angatholakala ethola amajikijolo afriziwe. Zindiza ngemihlambi emikhulu, zibuya lapho kufika intwasahlobo, kepha ngamaqembu amancane abantu aba-5-10.
Izindiza zenziwa kuphela yilezo zingwe ezihlala engxenyeni esenyakatho yebanga, "abantu baseningizimu" bahlala endaweni yize ubusika obuneqhwa bufika nasezindaweni zabo zokuhlala.
Manje uyazi lapho le nyoni ixwing ihlala khona. Ake sibone ukuthi udlani.
Yini edla i-waxwing?
Isithombe: Waxwing ebusika
Ukudla kwale nyoni kuhlukahlukene futhi kuqukethe ukudla kwezilwane nezitshalo. Okokuqala kunqoba ehlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-waxwing izingela ngenkuthalo, ikakhulukazi izinambuzane.
Kungaba:
- omiyane;
- ojekamanzi;
- izimvemvane;
- amabhungane;
- izibungu.
I-Waxworms inamandla kakhulu, ngaphezu kwalokho, ivame ukundiza njengemihlambi, futhi enye yazo iyakwazi ukubulala iningi lezinambuzane eziyingozi endaweni, ngemuva kwalokho indizela endaweni entsha. Ngakho-ke ama-waxwings alusizo kakhulu - uma ehlala eduze nendawo yokuhlala, omiyane kanye nemidge kuba kuncane kakhulu.
Ikakhulu, ama-waxwings aqeda nya izinambuzane ngesikhathi lapho kudingeka ondle khona amaphuphu - inkukhu ngayinye enjalo iphoqa abazali ukuthi basebenze ngokungakhathali ngamaphiko abo usuku lonke, futhi balethe imfuyo kuyo - amaphuphu awadli ukudla kwezitshalo, kepha adinga okuningi ukuze akhule.
Babuye badle izinso, imbewu, amajikijolo nezithelo, bakhetha:
- umlotha wasentabeni;
- i-viburnum;
- umjunipha;
- ukuvuka;
- kamalibhele;
- inyoni cherry;
- ama-lingonberries;
- i-mistletoe;
- i-barberry;
- ama-apula;
- amapheya.
Futhi uma, ukondla izinambuzane, ama-waxwings aletha izinzuzo eziningi, khona-ke ngenxa yothando lwabo ngezithelo kunengozi enkulu. Isifiso sokudla lapha asishabalali ndawo, ngakho-ke bayakwazi ukudla i-cherry yezinyoni emahoreni ambalwa, ngemuva kwalokho abanikazi bazoba nalutho abangaqoqa kulo.
Ikakhulu, ama-waxwings aseMelika ayesabeka, endizela ezingadini ngemihlambi emikhulu, ngakho abalimi abazithandi kakhulu. Bangakwazi ukuhlasela isihlahla esifana nesikhonyane, basuse wonke amajikijolo akhula kuso, bese bandizela komakhelwane. Izithelo eziwile azicoshwa phansi.
Lezi zinyoni zingama-gluttons wangempela: zivame ukugwinya ngangokunokwenzeka, ngakho-ke aziwahlafune ngisho namajikijolo, ngenxa yalokho, zihlala zinganakiwe, okufaka isandla ekusatshalalisweni kwembewu okungcono. Entwasahlobo, badonsa iziqu zezihlahla ezahlukahlukene, futhi ebusika bashintshela ekudleni kwe-rowan eyodwa futhi bavame ukundiza baye ezindaweni zokuhlala.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Isimo esinjengokuthi "ama-waxwings adakiwe" sihlotshaniswa nokuminza. Bakhotha wonke amajikijolo ngaphandle kokuqonda, kufaka phakathi lawo asevele ebilile. Ngenxa yokuthi badla kakhulu, inani elikhulu lotshwala lingaba segazini, okwenza inyoni inyakaze njengesidakwa. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ebusika, lapho amajikijolo afriziwe efudunyezwa kancane.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Inyoni ekhukhumezayo
Imvamisa ama-waxwings ahlala emihlambini futhi uma amaningi awo, ashaya ikhwela ngokuzwakalayo, ayaxhumana - futhi izwi lalezi zinyoni, yize zincane, linempilo kakhulu futhi lisakazekela kude nendawo. Lapho kuzwakala, impempe yabo igcwele umculo. Zenza umsindo usuku lonke, ngakho-ke ungazizwa njalo zishaya amakhwela kusuka ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni ezinamajikijolo.
Isikhathi esiningi sosuku benza lokho nje - noma bahlala esihlahleni bese bechoma amajikijolo, noma bavele baphumule bashaye ikhwela. Ngezinsuku ezinhle, bavame ukukhuphukela emoyeni, yize bengathandi ukundiza njengama-swifts, futhi abakwazi ukwenza izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi kangako. Futhi, ngezinsuku ezicacile, kunezinambuzane eziningi emoyeni nasotshanini, ngakho-ke ama-waxwings azingela.
Kukhona umhlambi kuphela kuwo, ngakho-ke, lapho ufuna ukudla, bavame ukusuka kude nakho, kepha noma kunjalo abandizi kude kakhulu. Njengoba sezidle izinambuzane ezanele, ziyabuya ziphinde ziqale ukushaya ikhwela nezihlobo zazo. I-Waxwing iyinyoni enobungcweti, iyakwazi ukubamba izinambuzane endizeni futhi ingabamba okuningi ngesikhathi esifushane, kepha kunzima kakhulu ukusuka kuyo.
Lapho isimo sezulu esibandayo singena, ama-waxwings aqhubeka endiza futhi afune amajikijolo e-rowan, futhi emakhazeni noma esiqhweni esinamandla kakhulu, imihlambi ithola indawo yokukhosela phakathi kwamagatsha e-spruce - ekujuleni kwesiponji, ngaphansi kwezinaliti noqweqwe lweqhwa, kufudumele ngokusobala, ikakhulukazi uma nibambana ndawonye. Izinyoni ziyakwazi ukusinda ngisho nasebusika obunzima.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Waxwing
Uma imvamisa lezi zinyoni zinomsindo, zinempilo futhi zingesabi ukundizela phezulu kubantu, khona-ke ngoMeyi-Juni ziba cishe zingazwakali. Isizathu ukuthi inkathi yokwakha izidleke iyeza - ekuqaleni kwayo, amabhangqa asevele enziwe futhi ama-waxwings aqala ukwakha izidleke. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi unyaka nonyaka ama-waxwings akhiwa kabusha, kuyilapho owesilisa eletha amajikijolo kowesifazane njengesipho - kufanele akwenze lokhu njalo isikhathi esithile.Ukucabanga ngokudla kwe-waxwings, owesilisa kufanele athole ukudla okuningi ngalesi sikhathi.
Lokhu kusebenza njengohlobo lohlolo lokuthi uzokwazi yini ukunikeza insikazi ukudla ngenkathi iqandusela amaqanda. Kuzodingeka ukuthi umuphe ukudla aze anqume ukuthi uyakwamukela yini ukuqomisana kwakhe, noma wazama ngokwanele futhi kungcono ukuzama ukubhangqa nomunye. Indawo yesidleke ikhethwe budebuduze nedamu - ukufinyelela emanzini kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba uma kungenjalo izinyoni kuzodingeka zindize njalo ukuze ziziphuze futhi zinisele namachwane. Imvamisa, izidleke zitholakala emahlathini avulekile, emagatsheni ezihlahla ezinkulu zikaKhisimusi, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-7-14.
Lokhu ukuphakama okulungile ukuze izilwane zomhlaba zingabi nasithakazelo, futhi izinyoni zezinyoni ezindiza phezu kwesihlahla sonwele ngeke zikwazi ukubona izidleke. Ama-Waxwings angahlala phakathi nesikhathi sokuzalela womabili ngokwahlukana futhi ndawonye, emhlambini wezidleke zezidleke eduze komunye nomunye. Ekwakhiweni, izinyoni zisebenzisa amahlumela, izindwani zotshani, ubulembu nobulembu. Izimpaphe noboya zibekwa ezansi kwesidleke ukuze amaphuphu athambe futhi anethezeke. Lapho isidleke sesikulungele ngokuphelele, insikazi izalela amaqanda ayi-3-6 omthunzi ompunga oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuwo, ngocezwana.
Kuyadingeka ukuwafukamela amasonto amabili, futhi yensikazi kuphela eyenzayo, kuyilapho owesilisa kufanele aphathe ukudla kwakhe sonke lesi sikhathi - yena ngokwakhe akashiyi ndawo. Ngemuva kokuvela, amaphuphu awakwazi ukuzisiza okokuqala, kepha anamandla kakhulu - enza kuphela lokho akucelayo uma efuna ukudla. Lokhu kudonsela izilwane ezidla ezinye, ukuze abazali bathole ukudla kwabo kanye nokwabo, futhi bazivikele. Ngakho-ke, umzali oyedwa undizela ukudla - bakwenza ngokushintshana, kanti owesibili uhlala esidlekeni. Amaviki amabili okuqala yisikhathi esiyingozi kakhulu, bese amaphuphu embozwe izimpaphe futhi abe nokuzimela kancane. Kuliqiniso, kufanele ubondle isikhathi esithile.
Ngo-Agasti, izimpaphe zabo sezakhiwe ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke bafunda ukundiza futhi kancane kancane baqala ukuzitholela ukudla kwabo, yize kwesinye isikhathi abazali babo kusadingeka babondle. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, vele zindiza kahle futhi zikwazi ukuzimela, zishiye abazali bazo emhlambini wobusika owakhayo. I-waxwing encane ifinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokobulili ngenkathi ezayo yokuzalanisa, futhi iphila iminyaka eyi-10-15, okuyinto eningi kakhulu ngenyoni enosayizi ophansi kangako.
Izitha zemvelo zama-waxwings
Isithombe: Inyoni ekhukhumezayo
Kunzima ukuthi imisundu ivikeleke ngenxa yobuncane bayo nokungabi bikho koqhwaku noma uzipho olunamandla, umbala wayo awunakubizwa ngokuthi yi-masking, ijubane lokundiza lisekude nokurekhodwa, futhi isimo sokuhamba kalula sibi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kunezilwane eziningi ezidlayo ezikwazi ukubamba i-waxwing, futhi ingozi imsongela njalo nakuyo yonke indawo.
Phakathi kwezitha eziyinhloko kukhona:
- oklebe;
- amashumi amane;
- igwababa;
- izikhova;
- amaprotheni;
- ama-martens;
- ukuphulula.
Izinyoni ezidla inyama zingabamba ama-waxwings lapho zindiza noma zizame ukuzibamba ngokuzuma lapho zihlala ngokuthula emagatsheni ezihlahla. Ukusuka ku-hawk noma enye inyoni enkulu kunzima kakhulu. Futhi nasebusuku ama-waxing awakwazi ukuzizwa ephephile, ngoba izikhova ziyahamba zizingela. Banesithakazelo esikhulu kumagundane, kepha uma bekwazi ukuthola isidleke se-waxwing, khona-ke nabo ngeke babalunge. Amagwababa nezimpisi nazo zingazibamba izinyoni ezindala, kepha ziletha izinkinga eziningi ngenxa yokuthambekela kwazo kokucekela phansi izidleke: lezi zilwane zithanda ukudla amachwane namaqanda.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, igwababa lingabhubhisa izidleke eziningana ezingomakhelwane ngasikhathi sinye, noma ngabe selike ladla kwelokuqala, bese limane libulala amanye amaphuphu ngaphandle kokudla, bese liphula amaqanda. Uma abazali bezama ukuvikela isidleke, igwababa lisebenza nabo. Amagundane adlayo nawo awaphikisi ekuchitheni isidleke: ama-martens kanye nezingwejeje kulula ukufika kuwo. Bathanda amaqanda ngaphezu kwakho konke, kodwa futhi bangadla namachwane, futhi bayakwazi ukubulala inyoni endala, yize kungenzeka ukuthi isivele iyingozi kubo - kunengozi yokuthola isilonda emlonyeni wayo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: I-waxwing ejwayelekile
Uhla lwama-waxwings ajwayelekile e-Eurasia lubanzi kakhulu - cishe amakhilomitha-skwele ayizigidi eziyi-13. Le ndawo inabantu abaningi bezigidi zabantu - kunzima ukulinganisa inani labo ngqo. Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, isibalo salezi zinyoni sehlile, noma kunjalo, izinga lokuncipha kwalo alikakabi phezulu.
Ukuqhubeka kulokhu, lolu hlobo lungelabo ababangela ukukhathazeka okuncane futhi aluvikelekile ngokomthetho eRussia noma emazweni aseYurophu. Iningi lezikhala lapho izimpilo ze-waxwing zingathuthukiswa kahle, futhi eminyakeni ezayo, ukukhula kwayo okusebenzayo akufanele kulindelwe - lezi yizindawo ezibandayo zaseScandinavia, i-Urals, eSiberia.
Ngakho-ke, alukho usongo kubantu abakhulayo abahlala lapho. ENyakatho Melika, isimo siyefana - iningi lalezi zinyoni zihlala emahlathini angenabantu abaningi eCanada. Inani labantu kuleli zwekazi likhulu, ngokombono wabalimi baseMelika abaphethwe ama-waxwings, ngisho ngokweqile. Isimo sihlukile nge-waxwing yaseJapan, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Amur - ayivelakancane futhi ivikelekile nasezindaweni eziningi zokuhlala.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Uma ugcinwe ekuthunjweni, udinga ukondla inyoni ngemikhiqizo ene-carotene, ngaphandle kwalokho umbala wayo uzophela - indlela elula ukunikeza izaqathe. Ngeke futhi anikele nge-cottage shizi, izingcezu ezincane zenyama, izinambuzane, omisiwe.
Ngenkathi efudumele, kunezelwa izithelo, imifino kanye namakhambi amaningi kwimenyu futhi-ke, zingahlala zondliwa ngamajikijolo. Uma izinyoni zinezizukulwane, ukudla kwezilwane kufanele kube namandla ekudleni kwazo, kubalulekile futhi ukuthi ungaziphazamisi ngesikhathi sokufukamela.
I-Waxwing inyoni encane futhi engakwazi ukuzivikela phambi kwezilwane ezidla ezinye. Zithatha inani lazo ngokubekezela: unyaka nonyaka zakha izidleke ezintsha, bese zichamisela zondle amaphuphu zize zikwazi ukuphila ngokuzimela. Ziyakwazi ukubekezela futhi zingaphila ngisho nobusika obubandayo, ngenkathi zondla kuphela emlotheni wentaba efriziwe.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 22.07.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 09/29/2019 ngo-18: 49
