Zaryanka inyoni encane ekhanyayo yomndeni we-thrush. Le nyoni inegama elehlukile phakathi kwabantu - i-robin, njengoba yayibizwa ngegama layo elibomvu ngokugqamile. Izwi elihle likarobhini liyanconywa yizimbongi eziningi, ngoba kungelizwi lale nyoni lapho sihlanganisa khona kusihlwa kwehlobo.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Zaryanka
URobin ovamile u-Erithacus rubecula ungowombuso wezilwane, uhlobo lwe-chordate, ukuhleleka kwezinyoni ezidlulayo. Leli qembu lithathwa njengelinye lamaningi kakhulu emhlabeni futhi lifaka phakathi abamele ababalelwa ezinkulungwaneni ezinhlanu. Irobhothi lingelomndeni wakwaMuscicapidae wababamba izinyoni ezimnyama. Izinyoni zalolu hlobo zihlala emazweni anezimo ezifudumele. Ziyizinyoni ezifudukayo.
Ividiyo: Zaryanka
Abamele lo mndeni bahlukaniswa ngezici ezilandelayo:
- zonke izinyoni zalo mndeni zincane. Izinyoni ezindala zingama-10 kuya ku-30 cm ubude;
- izinyoni zinomlomo oqondile;
- amaphiko abanzi ayindingilizi;
- izinyoni zinomsila oqondile omude;
- hlala emahlathini, izihlahlana, amapaki.
Umbala wenyoni ye-robin ulula futhi uyakhanya. Esifubeni nasengxenyeni engezansi yesifonyo, izimpaphe zibomvu ngokugqamile, ngemuva nasemaphikweni, inyoni imhlophe mpunga ngombala oluhlaza okotshani. Esiswini senyoni, izimpaphe zilula. Emphinjeni, esifubeni nasezinhlangothini izimpaphe zibomvu. Ngokuya ngama-subspecies, umbala wale nyoni ungakhanya noma ube mnyama. Ama-Robins wezinhlobo ezingasenyakatho makhulu kakhulu, futhi umbala wawo ukhanya kakhulu kunowabo abaseningizimu. Lolu hlobo lwaqala ukuchazwa yisazi semvelo saseSweden uKarl Linnaeus ngo-1758 emsebenzini wakhe owawubizwa ngokuthi iMotacilla rubecula.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Inyoni kaRobin
Irobhothi liyinyoni encane kakhulu ubude, lingaba ngamasentimitha ayi-14. Isisindo somuntu omdala singama-gramu ayi-15 kuphela, amaphiko asuka ku-17 kuye ku-20 cm.
Izimpaphe zale nyoni zibuthakathaka futhi zithambile, futhi azihambisani nomzimba, yingakho irobhothi libukeka lizungezile. Irobhothi inemilenze emide, eqinile futhi egxuma ngayo ngokushesha okukhulu emhlabathini. Inomkhuba wokuma ngokungazelelwe ngesikhathi sokunyakaza futhi yenze iminsalo eminingi ngenkathi icwayiza umsila wayo ngokucijile.
Abesilisa nezinsizwa bakhanya ngombala kunabesifazane. Izinyoni ezisanda kuzalwa zalolu hlobo azinayo indawo ebomvu ebomvu esifubeni; yakha kamuva. Ikhanda lenyoni lincane, amehlo amancane amnyama. Umlomo uqotho. Le nyoni ibona kahle futhi ithambekele kalula ebusuku emahlathini asehlathini.
Futhi, amarobhothi akhipha ama-trill amahle angalingani, agcina ephenduke athule futhi angazwakali kahle. Ingoma ayinabo ubude obuthile. Ingoma iqukethe imisindo emincane yokuhayiza. Ingoma iphazanyiswa ngezikhathi ezithile ngokuzuma okungazelelwe. Izinyoni zicula kusihlwa entathakusa, yingakho le nyoni yathola igama layo ku-robin. Isikhathi sokuphila samarobins siyiminyaka eyi-1.5-2, kepha lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi iningi lezinyoni ezincane zifa kusenesikhathi. Kwesinye isikhathi lezi zinyoni zingaphila iminyaka eyishumi endle.
URobins yizinyoni ezifudukayo, angahamba amabanga amade, kepha uma isimo sezulu esibi sizibamba izinyoni endleleni, zingafa. Ezifundeni ezifudumele, izinyoni zingaphila impilo yokuhlala phansi uma izimo zibalungele.
Uhlala kuphi irobhothi?
Isithombe: Zaryanka ngokwemvelo
Izinyoni zalolu hlobo zitholakala kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Zitholakala ukusuka eMedithera kuye maphakathi neSiberia. Ezweni lethu, izinyoni zichitha ubusika ezindaweni ezinezintaba zaseCaucasus, ogwini lweCaspian kanye nolwandle olumnyama. Futhi ama-robins angatholakala e-Uzbekistan, eTatarstan, e-Armenia, eGeorgia, ngobukhulu be-Ukraine neBelarus. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amarobhothi ahlala e-Afrika, eMiddle East. Izinyoni zivame ukufudukela eSpain, e-UK nasentshonalanga yeYurophu. ENyakatho Yurophu, amarobhothi aseYurophu ahlala emahlathini aminyene e-coniferous, nokuyinto engajwayelekile kulezi zinhlobo zezinyoni. EBrithani, eSpain naseRussia, lezi zinyoni zihlala emahlathini axubekile, zatshala amahlathi, amapaki kanye nezingadi. Kuye kwaqashelwa ukuthi amarobhothi aseBrithani awafuduki, kepha ahlala ebusika ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo.
Ngekhulu le-19, kwakukhona imizamo yokufuya izinyoni zalolu hlobo eNew Zealand nase-Australia, kodwa izinyoni azizange zigxile kula mazwe, futhi kwakudingeka zihlaliswe kabusha emazweni anesimo sezulu esifudumele futhi esimnandi. Njengoba izinyoni zalolu hlobo zingabesabi abantu, zingakha izidleke eduze kwamakhaya abantu. Kodwa-ke, kaningi izinyoni zizama ukuhlala ehlathini. Amarobins akha izidleke zawo ngeziqu, ezihlahleni eziphansi, noma ngisho nasemhlabathini phakathi kwezihlahlana zotshani noma ezihlahleni. Imvamisa izinyoni azithandi amahlathi akhanyayo we-coniferous, kepha zikhetha ukuhlala emahlathini we-hazel, kepha ngenxa yokuthi amahlathi ayancipha ngokwengeziwe, kufanele azi kahle indawo eseduze nabantu. URobins ubuya ebusika ebusika ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho nje amaqabunga okuqala evela ezihlahleni, abuyela ezidlekeni zawo avuselele ihlathi, aligcwalise ngamaculo abo amnandi.
Udliwa yini umarobhothi?
Isithombe: Zaryanka ebusika
Isisekelo sokudla kwale nyoni encane izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene. UZaryanka ukhetha:
- IZhukov;
- izicabucabu namanye ama-arthropods;
- ama-midges nezimpukane;
- izibungu, amacimbi;
- iminenke;
- izimvemvane ezincane.
Kuye ngokuthi inyoni ihlala kuphi, indlela edla ngayo ingahluka kakhulu. Uma ihlathi lihlala lijiyile lapho le nyoni ihlala khona kanye nohlaza oluningi, i-robin izothola ukudla okwengeziwe. Zingela inyoni, usuke egatsheni uye egatsheni noma ucoshe ukudla phansi. Hunt kokubili emini nasebusuku. Imvamisa ingabamba ama-midges amancane namabhungane ngesikhathi sendiza. Ehlobo, uthanda ukuzitika ngamajikijolo e-currant, i-elderberry, i-mountain ash. Ekwindla nasebusika, lapho ukudla kuyindlala, amarobhothi ayahamba ayofuna imbewu ehlukahlukene ukuze athonye izithelo ezisele emagatsheni ezihlahla. Ingandizela phezulu emizimbeni yamanzi futhi ithole ukudla lapho. Irobhothi aliwasabi nhlobo amanzi. Ama-Robins ahlala ngaphezu kobusika athola ukudla kuma-feeder. Uma uyondla inyoni, ingahlala eduze kwendlu futhi ingaphila kanjena bonke ubusika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma irobhothi selizinze engadini, lizozuzisa ingadi kuphela ngoba lizoqothula izinambuzane eziyingozi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kunzima ukuthi i-robin idle kumondli, inyoni ijwayele ukunamathela emagatsheni ezihlahla ngezidladla zayo, ngakho-ke uma udinga ukondla i-robin, kungcono ufafaze ukudla phansi.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Zaryanka ngokwemvelo
URobins ubuyela ezidlekeni zawo ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Bahlala emahlathini omanzi akhule kakhulu futhi batshala izidleke, abazifihla otshanini obuningi, iziphunzi, izinkuni ezifile. Izinyoni zakha izidleke ezimise okwezitsha ngotshani, izimpande kanye nesigaxa. Ubulembu obuthambile, uboya nezimpaphe kuyagezwa ezansi. Kuye kwaqashelwa ukuthi izinyoni zalezi zinhlobo zikhathazeka kakhulu endaweni yazo. URobins uhlala yedwa, futhi uhlangana nabobulili obuhlukile kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzalela. Abavumeli ezinye izinyoni zingene endaweni yabo; ezeduna zivame ukulwa nezinye izinyoni, yingakho zivame ukufa.
Kuyalwa futhi phakathi kwamarobhothi amaduna, lapho kufinyelela khona izinyoni ezifika ku-15%. Abantu abazesabi nakancane izinyoni, bangahlala eduze kwendlu, lapho kubanda kakhulu bangandizela esibayeni nasophahleni. Amarobhothi acula izingoma zawo kusihlwa nasebusuku. Amaculo abo abiza abobulili obuhlukile. URobins ucula ngababili, abesifazane bakhombisa ukulungela kwabo ukukhwelana nama-trill abo, abesilisa ngokukhala kwabo kukhombisa ukuthi insimu inenkosi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Kukhona abesilisa abaningi kakhulu bama-robins kunabesifazane, ngakho-ke abesilisa abaningi, ngisho nangesikhathi sokuzalelwa, bahlala bodwa. Abesilisa, bashiye ngaphandle kokubhangqa, bagade indawo futhi bangabavumeli bangene kuyo. Yize kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka ukuthi owesilisa oyedwa angavumela omunye angene ebusuku. Kuyenzeka futhi ukuthi abesilisa baqoqane emhlanjini omncane ebusuku, ngakho bazizwa belondeke kakhudlwana.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: UZaryanka endizeni
URobins unesikhathi sokubeka amaqanda kabili ehlobo elilodwa nokukhulisa amatshwele. Isikhathi sokuqala samarobhothi ngoMeyi, ngokwesibili ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi.
Kwesinye isikhathi, uma kwenzeka okuthile ematshwele, abazali bangazama ukukhulisa inzalo ngo-Agasti. Emidlalweni yokukhwelana, owesifazane uthatha isinyathelo kuqala. Insikazi ifika endaweni yesilisa, ivule izimpiko zayo ngasemaceleni bese iqala ukucula.
Indoda, ngenkathi ivikela insimu, iqala ukuyixosha, yenza imisindo esabekayo esabekayo. Owesilisa welula izimpiko zakhe, uyanyakaza futhi ukhombisa ukuthi akafuni ukubona umuntu ongamazi endaweni yakhe. Emva kwesikhathi esithile, le nyoni iyahlehla, icashe ngemuva kwesihlahla noma ehlathini. Ngemuva kwalokho uyabuya bese eqala ukucula kakhulu. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-3-4, owesilisa ujwayele ukuyeka.
Iqhude lensikazi lodwa, ubukhulu besidleke se-robin bungaba ngu-5 cm ukuphakama no-7 cm ububanzi. Uzama ukufihla isidleke ngokusemandleni akhe. Ngesinye isikhathi, insikazi izala amaqanda angama-4-6 aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Insikazi ifukamela amaqanda amasonto amabili, cishe ngaphandle kokuvuka ku-clutch, owesilisa unakekela ukudla.
Ngemuva kokuchamisela, abazali bayabavikela. Iduna liletha ukudla, kuthi elesifazane londle amawundlu. Amachwane ancoma i-molt kanye eneminyaka eyodwa nohhafu kuya emasontweni amabili. Okubucayi phansi kushintshwa izimpaphe eziqinile, umbala obomvu uvela esifubeni nasesiswini. Lapho anamasonto amabili, amatshwele amancane asekwazi ukundiza futhi aqale ukuzitholela ukudla kwawo.
Izitha zemvelo zamarobhothi
Isithombe: I-robin yezinyoni zasebusika
Lezi zinyoni ezincane zinezitha eziningi emvelweni. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- oklebe;
- oklebe
- ama-martens;
- amakati;
- ukuqeda;
- izimpungushe;
- uthando;
- ama-ferrets.
Lezi zidlakela zithanda ukubhubhisa izidleke zamarobhothi ukuze zizitike ngamaqanda noma amaphuphu amancane. Yingakho kunezinga eliphezulu kangaka lokufa phakathi kwezinyoni ezincane. Abantu abadala, vele, bayazama ukuvikela izidleke zabo, kepha futhi basengozini yokudliwa. Ngakho-ke, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, bangavele bandize, ngaleyo ndlela bagcine izimpilo zabo. Uma inyoni ihlala eduze kwabantu, futhi ijwayele ukondliwa. Uma kunengozi, angaphendukela kumuntu. Lezi zinyoni zithanjiswa kalula ngokudla. Bayakwazi ukuhlala ekuthunjweni.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: IZaryanka ayikubekezeleli ukuguquguquka okushisayo kwamazinga okushisa nokubanda futhi imvamisa ifa ngenxa yezimo zezulu ezimbi.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Zaryanka eRussia
Ngaphandle kokuthi izinga lokufa kwalezi zinyoni liphezulu kakhulu futhi banezitha eziningi emhlabeni wezilwane, inani labo likhulu kakhulu. Namuhla, inani labantu lisuka ezigidini ezingama-139 kuya kweziyi-320 emhlabeni jikelele. Kunzima ngokwedlulele ukulandelela inani lalezi zinyoni ngoba izinyoni ziyafuduka futhi zivame ukufuduka, futhi emvelweni ziningi. Inani labantu bohlobo lwe-Erithacus rubecula namuhla alubangeli ukukhathazeka futhi aludingi ukuvikelwa okukhethekile. Uma lezi zinyoni zingabonakali, kungenxa yokuthi zicasulwe ngempumelelo phakathi kwamaqabunga ezihlahla nezihlahlana.
Kusemandleni ethu ukwenza impilo yalezi zinyoni ibe lula, ukwenza kube lula ngabo ukuthola ukudla kwazo. Kuyadingeka ukuhlomisa izindawo eziluhlaza, amapaki nezingadi zezilwane. Ungagawuli amahlathi namasimu ngaphandle kwesidingo esikhethekile, uzama ukugcina indawo yemifino. Ebusika, singakwazi ukuxhasa izinyoni ezisele ebusika esifundeni sethu ngokuzondla ngokuzinikeza eduze kwendlu nasemapaki anezindawo zokudla nezindlu zezinyoni.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: EGreat Britain, amarobhothi awuphawu olungaziwa lwaleli zwe, lapho lezi zinyoni zivikelwe khona futhi zenza konke okusemandleni ukuxhasa inani labantu bazo. Lapho, lezi zinyoni azibesabi nakancane abantu futhi zingahlala emahlombe nasezingalweni zabantu.
Zaryanka inyoni enhle kakhulu futhi enobungani. Sekuyisikhathi eside kukholwa eRussia ukuthi uma inyoni enikeziwe ihlala eduze kwendlu yakho, khona-ke kuzoba nokuthula nenduduzo kuyo. Nakekela lezi zinyoni ezinhle, uzidle futhi zizokukhokhela ngobungane nezingoma ezimnandi, ezinhle kakhulu.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 19.07.2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 25.09.2019 ngo-21: 29
