Inyoni kaDodo noma i-dodo yaseMauritius, omunye wabamele abayimfihlakalo nabathakazelisa kakhulu bezinyoni abake baphila eMhlabeni. IDodo laseMauritius likwazile ukusinda ezikhathini zangaphambi komlando futhi lasinda laya ezikhathini zethu, laze lashayisana nesitha esikhulu sazo zonke izilwane nezinyoni, nomuntu. Abamele bokugcina bale nyoni eyingqayizivele bafa ngaphezu kweminyaka engamakhulu amathathu edlule, kepha ngenhlanhla amaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ngempilo yabo asekhona kuze kube namuhla.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Inyoni kaDodo
Akukho lwazi oluqondile ngemvelaphi yenyoni yedodo, kepha ososayensi banesiqiniseko sokuthi idodo laseMauritius lingukhokho wakude wamajuba asendulo ake afika esiqhingini saseMauritius.
Ngaphandle komehluko omkhulu ekubukekeni kwenyoni kanokusho yedodo kanye nejuba, izinyoni zinezici ezifanayo, njenge:
- izindawo ezinqunu ezizungeze isikhumba samehlo, zifinyelela phansi koqhwaku;
- isakhiwo esithile semilenze;
- ukungabi nethambo elikhethekile (i-vomer) kugebhezi;
- ubukhona bengxenye ekhulisiwe yomhosha.
Njengoba sezithole izimo ezanele zokuhlala kanye nokuzala esiqhingini, izinyoni zaba izakhamuzi zanomphela zale ndawo. Ngemuva kwalokho, zenzeka ngaphezu kweminyaka engamakhulu ambalwa, izinyoni zishintshile, zanda ngosayizi futhi zikhohliwe ukuthi zindiza kanjani. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi le nyoni yedodo yayihlala ngokuthula endaweni yayo ngamakhulu eminyaka angakanani, kepha ukubalulwa kwayo okokuqala kwavela ngo-1598, lapho amatilosi angamaDashi efika okokuqala eziqhingini. Ngenxa yamarekhodi omlawuli waseDashi, ochaze umhlaba wonke wezilwane ohlangana endleleni yakhe, idodo laseMauritius lazuza udumo emhlabeni wonke.
Isithombe: Inyoni kaDodo
Inyoni engajwayelekile, engakwazi ukundiza yathola igama lesayensi elithi dodo, kepha emhlabeni wonke ibizwa nge-dodo. Umlando wemvelaphi yesidlaliso "dodo" awunembile, kepha kukhona inguquko yokuthi ngenxa yobungani bayo nokungabi namandla okundiza, amatilosi aseDashi ambiza ngesilima nangobubi, okuhunyushiwe kufana negama lesiDashi elithi "duodu". Ngokusho kwezinye izinhlobo, leli gama lihlotshaniswa nokukhala kwenyoni noma ukulingiswa kwezwi layo. Amarekhodi omlando nawo asindile, lapho kuthiwa khona amaDashi ekuqaleni anikeze igama lezinyoni - i-wallowbird, kanti amaPutukezi avele azibiza ngokuthi amaphengwini.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Dodo Birds Mauritius
Naphezu kokusondelana kwamajuba, idodo laseMauritius ngaphandle lalibukeka njenge-turkey enonile. Ngenxa yesisu esikhulu, esidonsela phansi emhlabathini, inyoni ayigcinanga nje ngokusuka, kepha futhi ibingakwazi ukugijima ngokushesha. Sibonga kuphela amarekhodi omlando nemidwebo yabadwebi balezo zikhathi, okwazile ukuthola umbono ojwayelekile nokubukeka kwale nyoni eyodwa. Ubude bomzimba bufinyelela imitha eli-1, kanti isisindo somzimba esimaphakathi sasingu-20 kg. Inyoni yedodo yayinomlomo onamandla, omuhle, nombala ophuzi ngokuluhlaza okotshani. Ikhanda lalilincane ngosayizi, linentamo emfushane, egobile kancane.
Impaphe yayinezinhlobo eziningana:
- umbala onsundu noma onsundu;
- umbala wangaphambili.
Izinyawo eziphuzi zazifana nezezinyoni zasekhaya zanamuhla, izinzwane ezintathu ngaphambili nenye emuva. Izipho zazifushane, zixhunyiwe. Le nyoni yayihlotshiswe ngomsila omfishane ontofontofo, oqukethe izimpaphe ezigobile ngaphakathi, okunika idodo laseMauritius ukubaluleka nobuhle obukhethekile. Izinyoni zazinesitho sangasese esihlukanisa abesifazane nabesilisa. Owesilisa wayevame ukuba mkhulu kunowesifazane futhi abe nomlomo omkhulu, ayewusebenzisa ekulweleni owesifazane.
Njengoba kufakazelwa amarekhodi amaningi angalezo zikhathi, wonke umuntu owayenenhlanhla yokuhlangana nododo wahlabeka umxhwele kakhulu ngokubonakala kwale nyoni eyingqayizivele. Umbono kwakuwukuthi le nyoni yayingenazo nhlobo izimpiko, ngoba zazincane ngosayizi futhi, maqondana nomzimba wazo onamandla, zazingabonakali.
Ihlala kuphi inyoni yedodo?
Isithombe: I-Extinct Dodo Bird
Inyoni yedodo, ibiyisakhamuzi seziqhingi iMascarene, esise-Indian Ocean, ngaseMadagascar. Lezi bekuyiziqhingi ezingenamuntu nezizolile, zikhululekile hhayi kuphela kubantu, kepha futhi nasezingozini nasezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Akwaziwa kahle ukuthi okhokho bamadodo aseMauritius bangena kuphi futhi ngani, kepha izinyoni, sezifikile kuleli pharadesi, zahlala eziqhingini kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwezinsuku zazo. Njengoba isimo sezulu esiqhingini sishisa futhi sinomswakama, sifudumele ngokwanele ezinyangeni zasebusika futhi singashisi kakhulu ezinyangeni zasehlobo, izinyoni zazizizwa zikhululeke kakhulu unyaka wonke. Futhi izimbali ezicebile nezilwane zasesiqhingini zikwenze wakwazi ukuphila impilo eyondlekile futhi enokuthula.
Lolu hlobo lwamadodo luhlala ngqo esiqhingini saseMauritius, noma kunjalo, lezi ziqhingi zazibandakanya isiqhingi saseReunion, okwakuyikhaya lamadodo amhlophe, nesiqhingi saseRodrigues, esasihlala ama-hermit dodos. Ngeshwa, bonke, njengedodo laseMauritius uqobo, babe nesiphetho esifanayo esidabukisayo, baqothulwa ngokuphelele ngabantu.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Amatilosi aseGolan azamile ukuthumela abantu abadala abambalwa emkhunjini eYurophu ukuyofunda kabanzi nokuzala kabusha, kepha cishe akekho noyedwa owasinda kulolu hambo olude nolunzima. Ngakho-ke, ukuphela kwendawo yokuhlala kwakuyisiqhingi saseMauritius.
Manje uyazi lapho bekuhlala khona inyoni yedodo. Ake sibone ukuthi udleni.
Idlani inyoni yedodo?
Isithombe: Inyoni kaDodo
IDodo kwakuyinyoni enokuthula, idla kakhulu ekudleni kwezitshalo. Lesi siqhingi sasicebe kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokudla kangangokuba ama-dodo aseMauritius awadingi ukwenza noma yimiphi imizamo ekhethekile yokuzitholela ukudla, kepha avele acoshe konke okudingayo ngqo emhlabathini, okwathi kamuva kwathinta ukubukeka kwaso nendlela yokuphila elinganisiwe.
Ukudla kwansuku zonke kwale nyoni kufaka:
- izithelo ezivuthiwe zesundu sokubhaka, amajikijolo amancane ngesimo sikaphizi ngobubanzi bamasentimitha amaningana;
- amahlumela namaqabunga ezihlahla;
- ama nezimpande;
- zonke izinhlobo zotshani;
- amajikijolo nezithelo;
- izinambuzane ezincane;
- imbewu yomuthi onzima.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ukuze uhlamvu lomuthi weCalwaria luhlume futhi luhlume, kwakudingeka lususwe esikalini esiqinile. Lokhu yikho kanye okwenzekile ngesikhathi kudliwa okusanhlamvu yinyoni yedodo, kuphela ngenxa yomlomo wayo, lenyoni yakwazi ukuvula lezi zinhlamvu. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yokuphendula ngamaketanga, ngemuva kokunyamalala kwezinyoni, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izihlahla zaseKalwaria nazo zanyamalala ezimbalini zesiqhingi.
Esinye isici sohlelo lokugaya ukudla lwe-dodo ukuthi ukugaya ukudla okuqinile, kwakugwinya amatshe amancane amancane, okwaba nomthelela ekugayeni ukudla okungcono kube yizinhlayiyana ezincane.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Inyoni ye-Dodo, noma i-dodo
Ngenxa yezimo ezinhle ezazikhona kulesi siqhingi, zazingekho izinsongo ezinyonini ezivela ngaphandle. Bezizwa bephephe ngokuphelele, babenomlingiswa othembayo futhi onobungane kakhulu, okwathi kamuva wadlala iphutha elibulalayo futhi kwaholela ekuqothulweni okuphelele kohlobo. Isikhathi sokuphila esilinganisiwe sasiyiminyaka eyi-10.
Ngokuyisisekelo, izinyoni zazigcina emihlanjini emincane yabantu abayi-10-15, emahlathini aminyene, lapho kwakukhona khona izitshalo eziningi nokudla okudingekayo. Impilo elinganiselwe neyokungenzi lutho yaholela ekwakhiweni kwesisu esikhulu, esasihudula cishe umhlaba, okwenza izinyoni zihambe kancane kakhulu futhi zingahambi kahle.
Lezi zinyoni ezimangalisayo zazixhumana ngosizo lokukhala nemisindo enamandla eyayizwakala ebangeni elingaphezu kwamamitha angama-200. Babizelana ndawonye, baqala ukushaya amaphiko abo amancane, bakha umsindo omkhulu. Ngosizo lwale minyakazo nemisindo, ehambisana nakho konke lokhu ngemidanso ekhethekile phambi kowesifazane, umkhuba wokukhetha umlingani wenziwa.
Umbhangqwana phakathi kwabantu ngamunye wenzelwe impilo. Izinyoni zakha izidleke zenzalo yazo yesikhathi esizayo ngokucophelela nangokuqondile, ngendlela yesiduli esincane, sinezela amaqabunga esundu nazo zonke izinhlobo zamagatsha lapho. Inqubo yokuchamusela yathatha cishe izinyanga ezimbili, kuyilapho abazali babeqaphe kakhulu iqanda labo elilodwa kuphela.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Ngenkathi yokufukamela amaqanda, bobabili abazali babamba iqhaza, futhi uma owesilisa ongamazi esondela esidlekeni, khona-ke umuntu wobulili obufanayo besimenywa esingamenyiwe bahamba bayoxosha.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Izinyoni zeDodo
Ngeshwa, ngenxa yezifundo zanamuhla zezinsalela zamathambo zaseMauritius dodos, ososayensi bakwazile ukuthola eminye imininingwane mayelana nokuzala kwale nyoni kanye nendlela ekhula ngayo. Ngaphambi kwalokho, akukho lutho olwalwaziwa ngalezi zinyoni. Imininingwane yocwaningo ikhombise ukuthi le nyoni yafuya ngesikhathi esithile sonyaka, cishe ngoMashi, ngenkathi ilahlekelwa ngokushesha izimpaphe zayo, yahlala izimpaphe ezicijile. Leli qiniso laqinisekiswa yizimpawu zokulahleka kwesamba esikhulu samaminerali emzimbeni wale nyoni.
Ngokwemvelo yokukhula emathanjeni, kwachazwa ukuthi amaphuphu, ngemuva kokuchamuselwa emaqandeni, akhula ngokushesha aba ngosayizi abakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kubathathe iminyaka eminingana ukufinyelela ebusheni ngokugcwele. Inzuzo ethile yokusinda ukuthi baqhamuka ngo-Agasti, inkathi ethulile, ecebile kakhulu ngokudla. Futhi kusukela ngoNovemba kuya kuNdasa, izivunguvungu eziyingozi zahlasela kulesi siqhingi, ngokuvamile ezaziphela ngokusweleka kokudla.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Idodo lensikazi lazalela iqanda elilodwa kuphela ngesikhathi, okwaba ngesinye sezizathu zokunyamalala kwawo ngokushesha.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi imininingwane etholwe ucwaningo lwesayensi ihambelana ngokuphelele namarekhodi amatilosi abenenhlanhla yokuhlangana uqobo nalezi zinyoni eziyingqayizivele.
Izitha zemvelo zezinyoni zedodo
Isithombe: Inyoni yedodo engasekho
Izinyoni ezithanda ukuthula zazihlala ngokuthula okuphelele nangokuphepha, kwakungekho ngisho nomzingeli oyedwa esiqhingini owayengazingela inyoni. Zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ezihuquzelayo nezinambuzane, nazo azizange zithwale usongo kuma-dodo angenabungozi. Ngakho-ke, enqubeni yeminyaka eminingi yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, inyoni yedodo ayizange ithole noma yiziphi izinto zokuzivikela noma amakhono angahle ayilondoloze ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa.
Konke kwashintsha kakhulu ngokufika komuntu esiqhingini, eyinyoni ekhohliseka kalula futhi enelukuluku, uDodo uqobo wayenesifiso sokuxhumana nabakholoni baseDashi, engasoli yonke ingozi, abe isisulu esilula sabantu abanonya.
Ekuqaleni, amatilosi ayengazi ukuthi kungenzeka yini adle inyama yale nyoni, futhi yanambitha kanzima futhi ayimnandi neze, kepha indlala nokubamba okusheshayo, le nyoni ayizange imelane nayo, yaba nomthelela ekubulaweni kwedodo. Futhi amatilosi aqaphela ukuthi ukukhishwa kwedodo kunenzuzo enkulu, ngoba izinyoni ezintathu ezihlatshiwe zazanele iqembu lonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilwane ezilethwe eziqhingini azibanga nomonakalo omkhulu.
Okungukuthi:
- izingulube zachitha amaqanda amadodo;
- izimbuzi zazidla izihlahlana lapho izinyoni zakha khona izidleke zazo, zibenza babe sengozini kakhulu;
- izinja namakati zachitha izinyoni ezindala nezincane;
- amagundane adla amaphuphu.
Ukuzingela bekuyinto ebalulekile ekufeni kwamadodo, kepha izinkawu, izinyamazane, izingulube namagundane akhishwe emikhunjini yesiqhingi kunqume isiphetho sawo.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ikhanda lenyoni kaDodo
Eqinisweni, eminyakeni engama-65 nje kuphela, umuntu ukwazile ukubabhubhisa ngokuphelele abantu abaneminyaka engamakhulu eminyaka balesi silwane esinezimpaphe. Ngeshwa, abantu abagcinanga ngokuhlukumeza bonke abamele lolu hlobo lwenyoni, kepha futhi bahluleka ukugcina izinsalela zayo ngesithunzi. Kunemibiko yezigameko eziningana zezinyoni ezingama-dodo ezathuthwa zisuka eziqhingini. Inyoni yokuqala yathunyelwa eNetherlands ngo-1599, lapho yaqhakaza khona, ikakhulukazi kubaculi ababevame ukuveza inyoni emangalisayo emidwebeni yabo.
Isifanekiso sesibili silethwe eNgilandi, cishe eminyakeni engama-40 kamuva, lapho sakhonjiswa khona umphakathi omangele ngemali. Kwathi ngenyoni ekhathele, efile benza isilwane esigxishiwe bakhombisa e-Oxford Museum. Kodwa-ke, lesi scarecrow asikwazanga ukugcinwa ezinsukwini zethu, kwasala ikhanda nomlenze owomile kuphela emnyuziyamu. Izingxenye eziningana zogebhezi lwe-dodo nezinsalela zezidladla zingabonakala naseDenmark naseCzech Republic. Ososayensi baphinde bakwazi ukulingisa imodeli ephelele yenyoni yedodo ukuze abantu bakwazi ukubona ukuthi zazibukeka kanjani ngaphambi kokuqothulwa. Yize izibonelo eziningi zamadodo zigcina eminyuziyamu yaseYurophu, eziningi zalahleka noma zacekelwa phansi.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Inyoni yedodo yathola udumo olukhulu ngenxa yenganekwane ethi "Alice in the Camp of Wonders", lapho udodo engomunye wabalingiswa endabeni.
Inyoni kaDodo kuhlangene nezici eziningi zesayensi nokuqagela okungenasisekelo, noma kunjalo, isici seqiniso futhi esingenakuphikwa yizenzo ezinonya nezingafanele zabantu, ezibe yisizathu esiyinhloko sokuqothulwa kohlobo lonke lwesilwane.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 07/16/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 25.09.2019 ngo-20: 43
