Akuwona wonke umuntu ojwayele ukumelwa okunjalo kwezitshalo nezilwane njenge i-tamarin... Laba ngabantu bomdabu baseNingizimu Melika. AmaTamarini izinkawu ezincane ezingamalungu omndeni we-marmoset. Banokubukeka okungakhohlakali, okugqamile. Lezi zinkawu ziphakathi kwezincane kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Lolu hlobo lwenkawu luhlukaniswe ngama-subspecies amaningana. Abamele ama-subspecies ahlukene bangahluka ngombala, usayizi nendawo yokuhlala.
Umsuka wezinhlobo nencazelo
Isithombe: Tamarin
AmaTamarin yizilwane ezi-chordal, ezabamele isigaba sezilwane ezincelisayo, ukuhleleka kwezinambuzane, umndeni wama-marmosets, uhlobo lwe-tamarins.
Okhokho basendulo kunazo zonke izinkawu yizilwane ezincelisayo ezinjenge-primate - purgatorius. Ngokwalokho okutholakele, izinsalela zabo zisuselwa ePleocene. Batholakala kulokho manje okuyiMelika. Lezi yizidalwa zasendulo kakhulu ezaveza ezinye, izidalwa eziguquguqukayo nezithuthuke kakhulu - i-plesiadapis ne-tupai.
Ividiyo: iTamarin
Abokuqala babekhona ngesikhathi sePaleocene ne-Eocene eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika. Ukubukeka kwazo kwakufana namagundane noma amagundane. Babenomphetho ovulekile, umzimba omncane, omude nomsila omude. Lezi zilwane zazihlala ezihlahleni futhi zidla izinambuzane nezinhlobo ezahlukene zohlaza.
UTupai wayehlala endaweni yase-Asia yanamuhla ngesikhathi se-Eocene ne-Upper Paleocene. Babenokwakheka kwamazinyo nezitho zomzimba, okusondele ngangokunokwenzeka ekwakhekeni kwezinkawu zanamuhla. Ngemuva kwalokho, enqubweni yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, izilwane zasatshalaliswa ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene. Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, bakhe izici ezithile zokuphila nezimpawu zangaphandle. Ngokusho kwalezi zici, ama-primates ayehlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezahlukene.
Ukubukeka nezici
Isithombe: Monkey tamarin
Ubude bomzimba womuntu omdala oyedwa busuka kumasentimitha ayi-19 kuye kwangama-35. Amaphara anomsila omude kakhulu. Usayizi wayo ucishe ulingane nosayizi womzimba futhi usukela kumasentimitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-40. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi ama-subspecies, abamele bayo bahlukile kwezinye izinkawu ekubukekeni kwazo okukhanyayo nokungajwayelekile nokuhlanganiswa okungajwayelekile kwemibala. Izilwane zinezinwele eziwugqinsi futhi zithambile. Umbala wayo ungahluka kakhulu.
Umbala ojwayelekile wezinkawu ezincane:
- ophuzi;
- okumhlophe;
- okumnyama;
- i-lactic;
- nsundu;
- imibala ehlukahlukene ebomvu;
- uju;
- igolide namathoni alo ahlukahlukene.
Isici sesici salolu hlobo oluthile lwama-primates yinhlanganisela emangalisayo yazo zonke izinhlobo zokuhluka kombala. Abanye abantu nama-subspecies banamashiya achazwe kahle kakhulu, imidwebo yempumulo, amadevu, intshebe, "amasokisi emilenzeni", njll. Kukhona abameleli be-subspecies ethile, enenhlanganisela engavamile yemibala yokuthi kude kude bavame ukuphutha ngezinyoni ezingavamile ezingavamile.
Ngokuya ngama-subspecies, ubuso bezinkawu abunazo nhlobo izimila noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, bumbozwe ngokuphelele ngoboya. Isisindo somuntu omdala oyedwa silinganiselwe ngama-300-400 amagremu. Iningi lama-subspecies alezi zinhlobo ahlukaniswa ubukhulu bamnyama. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lo mbala awunasici njengombala wejazi kuphela, kodwa futhi njengombala wesikhumba.
Ihlala kuphi i-tamarin?
Isithombe: Imperial Tamarin
Izinkawu zikhetha amahlathi ashisayo anezimila eziminyene njengendawo yazo yokuhlala. Okudingekayo inani elikhulu lezihlahla zezithelo nezihlahlana. Iningi labamele lolu hlobo bahlala emahlathini omhlaba omusha. Bangabomdabu eNingizimu Melika.
Izindawo ze-Geographic lapho kuhlala khona ama-tamarins:
- Izifunda eziphakathi kweNingizimu Melika
- ICosta Rica;
- ENyakatho Bolivia;
- I-Amazon;
- EColombia;
- IBrazil;
- I-Peru.
Isikhathi esiningi izilwane zisichitha emahlathini aminyene. Usayizi wazo omncane nezidladla eziqinile ezinomsila omude zivumela izilwane ukuthi zikhuphukele phezulu kakhulu futhi zijabulele izithelo ezivuthiwe phezulu ezihlahleni ezinde kakhulu. Izinkawu zikhetha isimo sezulu esifudumele nesomile. Abakubekezeleli ukuguquguquka okungazelelwe ezimweni zezulu, amakhaza, nomswakama ophezulu kahle kakhulu.
Izinkawu cishe azichithi isikhathi ebusweni bomhlaba. Iziqongo nemiqhele eminyene yezihlahla akusizi nje kuphela ukuthola inani elanele lokudla, kepha futhi nokubalekela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye.
Idla ngani i-tamarin?
Isithombe: Oedipus tamarin
Iningi lokudla liqukethe ukudla kwezitshalo. Kodwa-ke, izinkawu ngeke zenqabe ukudla okuvela ezilwaneni, ngokwesibonelo, izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene.
Ukuhlinzekwa kokudla kwama-tamarin:
- izithelo;
- izimbali;
- umpe wezimbali;
- amaqanda ezinhlobo ezithile zezinyoni;
- ezinye izilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezinesilinganiso esiphakathi nendawo;
- ama-amphibians - izibankwa, amaxoxo;
- izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene: izinkumbi, izintethe, amakhilikithi, amaphela, izicabucabu.
Izinkawu zithathwa njengezicishe zibe omnivorous. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokufakelwa, zingondliwa ngemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene: izithelo ezivuthiwe, ezinamanzi, imifino, izinambuzane, izibungu, amaqanda enkukhu kanye nezigwaca. Futhi, inani elincane lenyama ebilisiwe ebilisiwe kanye ne-cottage shizi kuyangezwa ekudleni.
AmaTamarin cishe awawaphuzi amanzi. Zigcwalisa isidingo somzimba soketshezi ngenxa yezithelo ezivuthiwe ezinamanzi zezihlahla ezahlukahlukene nezihlahlana. Ingxenye ephoqelekile yokudla izitshalo eziluhlaza, amahlumela namaqabunga ezitshalo ezincane nezihlahlana.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Lion Tamarin
Izilwane zithanda ukukhuphuka ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni ezahlukahlukene. Bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi ezindaweni eziphakeme ezahlukahlukene. Izinkawu ezincane ziyizilwane ezijika nsuku zonke. Zivuka ngemisebe yokuqala yelanga futhi ziyasebenza kakhulu emini. Lapho nje ilanga liqala ukushona, bayolala, bekhetha indawo elula kakhulu emagatsheni ezihlahla noma emivini. Umsila omude usiza ama-tamarin ukusuka egatsheni kuya egatsheni, kulenga emvinini. Iphinde isebenze njenge-balancer lapho igxuma.
AmaTamarin awavami ukuhola indlela yokuphila yedwa. Zihlala ngamaqembu. Usayizi womndeni owodwa noma weqembu usukela kubantu abahlanu kuye kwabangamashumi amabili. Izinkawu ziyizilwane ezinempilo, ezidlalayo futhi ezishesha ukushesha. Baxhumana ngenkuthalo ngosizo lobuso, ukuma okuhlukahlukene, ukuqhuma koboya. Ama-Primates nawo athanda ukwenza imisindo eyahlukahlukene. Zingakhalisa njengezinyoni, noma zishaye ikhwela, kwesinye isikhathi zihayize noma zikhale. Uma bebona ukuthi ingozi eyingozi isondela, benza umsindo omkhulu, wokumemeza okukhulu.
Umndeni ngamunye unomholi - owesifazane omdala kakhulu futhi onolwazi kakhulu. Umsebenzi wabesilisa ukuhlinzekela bona kanye namalungu emindeni yabo ukudla. Umndeni ngamunye uhlala endaweni ethile, evikela ngokuqinile lapho kuvela abantu ongabazi. Abantu bomndeni ngamunye babeka indawo yabo ngokuhlafuna amagxolo ezihlahla nezihlahla. Ngisho nama-tamarin amancane anomona kakhulu ngokuvikelwa kwendawo yawo. Imvamisa futhi balwela insimu yabo, besebenzisa uzipho olubukhali namazinyo. AmaTamarin achitha isikhathi esiningi exubha uboya bezihlobo zabo. Ukuzilibazisa okunjalo kukuvumela ukuthi ulahle ama-parasites futhi kukunikeze ukubhucungwa okuphumuzayo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Baby tamarin
Abamele lolu hlobo bafinyelela ekuvuthweni ngokocansi benonyaka owodwa nohhafu. Kusukela ngalesi sikhathi kuya phambili, ziyahlangana, zizalane, futhi zibe nezingane. Isikhathi sokukhwelana kwezinkawu siqala phakathi noma ekupheleni kobusika. Abesilisa babheka enye ingxenye yabo bese beqala ukukhombisa izimpawu zokunakwa ngayo yonke indlela, belindele ukuphindaphinda. Abesifazane abajahi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuphindisela. Bangakwazi ukubona imizamo yabesilisa isikhathi eside, futhi emva kwesikhashana kuphela baphendule. Uma kwakhiwa umbhangqwana, ukukhwelana kwenzeka, ngemuva kwalokho ukukhulelwa kwenzeka.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-130-140. Amathole azalwa ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Ama-tamarin esifazane avundile kakhulu. Imvamisa zizala amawundlu amabili. Lapho zifinyelela ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ubudala, zikulungele ukuzala futhi futhi zingazala amanye amawele.
Amankonyane akhula futhi akhule ngokushesha okukhulu. Lapho zinezinyanga ezimbili, izingane sezivele zihamba ngobuhlakani ezihlahleni nasemivinini futhi sezivele zizitholele ukudla kwazo. Emindenini yonke, kuyisiko ukunakekela ngokubambisana nokukhulisa isizukulwane esisha. Abantu abadala banikeza izingane izingcezu zezithelo ezimnandi kakhulu nezinamanzi kakhulu. Lapho izingane zivela emndenini, wonke amalungu ayo aqikelela ngokweqile futhi aqaphe ukuphepha kwawo.
Kuze kube yiminyaka emibili, isizukulwane esisha sisondelene nabazali baso. Ngemuva kwalokho, bakulungele impela ukuphila impilo ezimele. Kodwa-ke, abajwayele ukushiya imindeni yabo. Bahlala eqenjini futhi benza izinto zabo ezijwayelekile, basize ukukhulisa inzalo ekhulayo.
Ezimweni zama-zoo nezinkulisa, izinkawu ezincane zizwana kakhulu emibhangqwaneni eshadile. Ngokwakhiwa kwezimo ezikahle nokudla okwanele, zizala amaphuphu kabili ngonyaka.
Izitha zemvelo zama-tamarin
Isithombe: iTamarin ephethwe uBrown
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, ezindaweni eziminyene zamahlathi ashisayo, izinkawu ezincane zinezitha ezimbalwa. Izilwane eziyingozi neziningi zibaqamekela cishe yonke indawo. Izinkawu zigcinwa ngejubane lokuphendula kwazo kanye nokukwazi ukukhuphuka izindawo eziphakeme kakhulu.
Izitha zemvelo zama-tamarin:
- izinhlobo zezinyoni ezidla ezinye: oklebe, izinkozi, amahabhu aseNingizimu Melika;
- ama-jaguar;
- acelots;
- ama-ferrets;
- jaguarundi;
- Ezihuquzelayo zonke izinhlobo zezinyoka ezinkulu ezidlayo.
Ngaphezu kwezidliwayo ezahlukahlukene, izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene ezinobuthi, izicabucabu, amaxoxo kanye nezibankwa zibeka ingozi enkulu ezinkawini ezincane. Abawazingeli ama-tamarin, kepha laba banesifiso sokufuna ukwazi kakhulu. Ukufuna ukuzondla ngesidalwa esingaziwa, noma ukwanelisa indlala yabo nabamele ababulalayo bezimila nezilwane zasendaweni, basengozini yokufa. Ingozi ekhethekile isongelwa abantu abasha, ngenxa yesimo sabo esingalawuleki namandla amaningi, abalwela ukubamba konke okuhambayo. Imvamisa bathola umuthi obulalayo wobuthi, obangela ukufa kwezilwane.
Amalungu omndeni abheke eduze nendawo ezungezile. Kunoma iyiphi ingozi, bakhipha isililo esihlaba inhliziyo, esihlaba wonke amalungu omndeni ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuzisindisa. Ukubukeka okungajwayelekile, okungajwayelekile kwezinkawu kudonsela inani elikhulu labazingeli abangekho emthethweni. Bazingela lezi zilwane, bazicuphele ukuzithengisela abantu abazimele emakethe emnyama noma abazithengisela ama-zoo nasezinkulisa. Ngaphezu kokuzingelwa ngokungemthetho, imisebenzi yabantu inegalelo ekwehleni kwesibalo sezilwane. Abantu babhubhisa indawo yemvelo yezilwane.
Inani labantu kanye nesimo sezinhlobo
Isithombe: AmaTamarins
Ngokusho kososayensi, ingozi enkulu esintwini sezilwane ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ashisayo. Isimo samatamarin sincike kuma-subspecies. Izinhlobo eziningi azisongelwa ngokuqothulwa ngokuphelele.
Phakathi kwama-subspecies ama-tamarins, kukhona ama-subspecies asongelwa ngokuqothulwa:
- I-tamarin enehlombe legolide - inesimo "sezinhlobo eziseduze nokuqothulwa";
- I-tamarin enezinyawo ezimhlophe - inesimo "sezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuphela";
- I-Oedipus tamarin - le mikhakha emincane inikezwe isimo "cishe sokuqothulwa okuphelele."
Iqiniso Elimnandi: Izilwane zivame ukuba namehlo ayindilinga, amnyama, ajulile. Izindlebe zincane, ziyindilinga, zingambozwa ngokuphelele ngezinwele. Izilwane zinemilenze enamandla kakhulu enemisipha ekhule kahle. Imilenze yangemuva neyangemuva inezinzwane ezinde ezincanyana ezinamazipho amade, abukhali.
AmaTamarin ayizinhlobo zenkawu ezidinga ukuvikelwa. Ama-subspecies amaningi asengozini. Ensimini yendawo yenkawu, ukuzingela nokubanjwa kwezilwane akuvunyelwe ezingeni lomthetho. Ukwephulwa kwalesi sidingo kuhilela isibopho sobugebengu nokuphatha. Iziphathimandla ngezikhathi ezithile zihlela ukuhlasela ensimini yezimakethe zendawo.
Ukuvikelwa kwamaTamarin
Isithombe: Tamarin ovela eNcwadini Ebomvu
Ngesikhathi sokugasela okunjalo, izilwane zivame ukukhululwa futhi zithengiswe ngabazingeli abangekho emthethweni. Izilwane zikhishelwa endaweni yazo yemvelo, futhi abaphula umthetho bayajeziswa. Ezifundeni lapho izinkawu ezincane zihlala khona, akuvunyelwe ukugawula ihlathi. Noma kunjalo, lo mthetho awusebenzi yonke indawo. Kwezinye izifunda, kunezimbiwa ezimbiwa phansi kanye namaminerali abalulekile emvelo, ngakho-ke akusizi ngalutho ukumisa ukubhujiswa kwamahlathi asezindaweni ezishisayo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Lapho zigcinwa e-zoo, izilwane zinengcindezi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, izilwane zingadla ukudla okungadleki kubo.
Ama-tamarine amaningi agcinwa ezindaweni zokugcina izingane naseziqiwini zikazwelonke. Lapho, abasebenzi kanye nochwepheshe bazama ukubakhela izimo ezikahle kunazo zonke, lapho isikhathi sokuphila kwabo sizokwenyuka ngaphansi kwazo, futhi umkhiqizo wabo ngeke wehliswe uma kuqhathaniswa nezimo zemvelo.
I-Tamarin Ingabe inkawu encane emangalisayo. Ngeshwa, ama-subspecies amaningi asengcupheni yokuqothulwa, noma abonwa njengezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa. Namuhla, abantu kumele benze imizamo eminingi yokugcina nokwandisa inani labantu, ukuze inzalo yethu ithole ithuba lokubona izilwane hhayi ezithombeni kuphela.
Usuku lokushicilelwa: 07/16/2019
Idethi ebuyekeziwe: 25.09.2019 ngo-20: 50
